Transformation of physicochemical properties of lignin during nitration

The article delves into the transformation of lignin's physicochemical properties during the nitration process, highlighting significant changes in its functional composition. It explores the potential applications of nitrolignins, which are lignin derivatives obtained through nitration. The study reveals that nitration leads to a substantial increase in the content of nitro groups, as well as changes in the content of carbonyl, carboxyl, and phenolic hydroxyl groups. These modifications result in significant alterations to lignin's macromolecular properties, including a decrease in molecular weight and changes in acid-base and redox properties. The article also investigates the electrophysical properties of nitrolignins, demonstrating their potential use in various industrial applications. The research concludes that the nitration process significantly alters lignin's properties, opening up new possibilities for its use in fields such as agriculture, materials science, and environmental science.