Transport Transitions: Advancing Sustainable and Inclusive Mobility

Table of Contents

1. Transport Data Sharing

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Towards Integrated Traffic Management for All of Austria: Realtime Traffic Information and Multimodal Journey Planning Beyond Administrative Borders

      • Open Access

      Tobias Schleser, Martin Nemec

      Abstract

      All major players in road operation and traffic management of Austria joined forces in the EVIS.AT platform and developed a harmonized real time traffic information network. It provides a countrywide, comprehensive, and authorized real-time data basis for traffic information, traffic management and traffic analysis. The platform delivers traffic messages for planned and unplanned events as well as for traffic regulations and access restrictions and traffic flow data such as current and predicted speeds and LOS. This is done for all major street levels (highways to rural roads) for all of Austria and is based on sensors, probe data and journalistic data of the authorities. The involved parties committed to long-term operation and provision of real-time data through a public-public cooperation. Thus, the platform EVIS.AT serves as strong basis for road-related traffic data in the context of integrated traffic management as well as comprehensive traffic information. The authorized real-time road data of EVIS.AT is combined with public transport data of all operators, including timetable, real-time and message data in the intermodal routing platform VAO.AT. The platform delivers high-quality intermodal routing and traffic information services, based on the comprehensive data sets of Austria’s various public authorities. It is used by partners and b2b customers to create powerful end user applications as well as various tools for administration.

      The paper reports on objectives and status for these platforms, what makes them unique in the European data and service landscape and how these data and services are being used in national and international applications.

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   3. Enhancing Accessibility and Interoperability of Mobility Data: MobilityDCAT-AP, a Metadata Specification for Mobility Data Portals

      • Open Access

      Peter Lubrich, Marco Comerio, Petr Bureš, Eva Thelisson

      Abstract

      This paper introduces a formal metadata specification for mobility data portals as an extension of DCAT-AP, called mobilityDCAT-AP. It addresses a scenario in which mobility data is offered on a data portal, and is intended to be found, assessed and reused by data users. Unlike in other domains, a structured and community-based metadata for the wider mobility domain has not been established yet. With such specification, an agreed usage of metadata among different portals; easier access to mobility data; improved interoperability in the mobility data eco-system; and the leveraging of semantic technologies are envisioned. In addition, the Resource Description Framework (RDF) as a de-facto standard for metadata, is applied to model the metadata vocabulary. The paper elaborates on the overall goals, previous works on metadata specification and harmonisation, the working process, concrete deliverables and future prospects of mobilityDCAT-AP.

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   4. The PRESORT Project: Improving the Use of Third-Party Data by National Road Authorities

      • Open Access

      Dave Cowell, Candida Spillard, Anastasia Tsapi, Andy Graham, Giovanni Huisken, Tomi Laine, Marwane Avaida, Scott Stephenson

      Abstract

      PRESORT is a research project funded by the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR) through the CEDR Transnational Road Research Programme (Call 2022). The aim is to improve the use of third-party data by National Road Authorities (NRAs).

      NRAs are seeing increasing levels of digitisation and are open to the potential opportunities through the utilisation of third-party data – that is, data aggregated from multiple sources – to support them in the delivery of their core business services in traffic management, asset management, and construction.

      PRESORT will eventually deliver practical, implementable, easy to use online guide to support NRAs to make better decisions regarding HOW and WHEN to acquire and use third-party data, which will assist their core business activities.

      The initial phase of this project involved capturing the current state of third-party data use by NRAs. Part of this phase explored the challenges and barriers NRAs face regarding use of third-party data through a literature review and engagement with data providers and crucially, the NRA end-users. This paper reports on the results of this engagement.

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   5. Cross-Border Data Exchange to Improve Traffic Management and End-User Information Services in Central Europe

      • Open Access

      Wolfgang Kernstock

      Abstract

      In the European vision of a free movement of people and goods, it is obvious that traffic management strategies must not be limited to national borders. Due to the fact that Austria is a small country within an important transit area it is necessary to have a close cooperation with the neighbouring countries. Data is an important basis for modern traffic management, and it became apparent that motorway operators already have many relevant management strategies available. Therefore, ASFINAG has ever since pursued the coordination and harmonisation of Member-State specific approaches, on at technical and organisational level, by aligning topics such as traffic information and management at cross-border level.

      The ASFINAG solutions are in principle quite easy with mainly list views beside map based information delivered. Therefore similar operators might have no problems in establishing a similar service at low costs as well as in short term. However the content delivering backend systems need to be at hand in order to fuel the customer service.

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   6. AI-Assisted Services for Content Acquisition and Creation Interlinking in Transport Research

      • Open Access

      Xenophon Kitsios, Afroditi Anagnostopoulou

      Abstract

      This paper presents the gateway of the domain-specific Knowledge Graph (KG), which was built based on related data sources and by exploiting the OpenAIRE ecosystem and EOSC services. These enabled it to offer services for integrated KG smart browsing based on impact and reproducibility using AI by also serving several categories of stakeholders. Following the current trends and stakeholders’ needs, the areas of highest interest were identified and gaps in data and knowledge were also detected. On top of that knowledge space, transport research-inspired information retrieval scenarios were implemented by tuning the use of individual AI-assisted services or combinations of them. More specifically, scenarios were built around different use case directions including reproducibility/reusability reports for publications and/or datasets in the transport research sector which were automatically identified and they included information about the ease to reproduce/reuse them and the extent to which the work has already been reproduced by meta-analysis studies.

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   7. MBSE Approach for Railway Digital Continuity

      • Open Access

      Sana Debbech, Simon Collart-Dutilleul, Philippe Bon

      Abstract

      Railway systems are known as Safety Critical Systems (SCSs). In this kind of system, safety measures derived from the dysfunctional analysis used to be expressed in an informal way. This latter has several gaps in the context of the one going numeric transition: in the early phase of SCSs design, there is a need to link these safety measures to main safety goals. A first step provides a knowledge structure, where the considered knowledge is composed by a set of data and a set of engineering rules. These rules, including safety measures, correspond to a knowhow built through information sharing between actors during previous industrial system life-cycle. From this structured knowledge, models using main concepts can be designed. As concepts come from ontology, the system models are naturally high-level ones and directly linked to the source needs. Indeed, source needs are expressed on the basis of the structuring concepts of the ontology. Obviously, obtained models are abstractions of the real systems. Model based system engineering (MBSE) allows a systematic reasoning and tooled conformance checking and it is possible to assign a meaning to measured data during the whole life cycle of the railway system. A fundamental assumption is the validity of models used during this life cycle. As an abstraction is a partial point of view, the relevance of this partiality must be monitored during the system life cycle in order to avoid ambiguous interpretations. In this paper, the semantic interoperability is tackled to avoid ambiguities and to ensure the railway digital continuity.

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   8. Effect of Different Weather Elements on the Delay Prediction of Trains

      • Open Access

      Pranjal Mandhaniya, Nils O. E. Olsson, Anders S. Larsen, Caroline Skjøren

      Abstract

      Estimation of train delays is crucial for customer information. One cause of the train delays can be easily blamed on the weather. The effect of weather on signaling and dispatching can be indirectly articulated from the arrival and departure delays at the stations. The study uses Norwegian delay data from 2021, 2022 and parts of 2023. This data contains scheduled and actual departure and arrival times of trains on the Dovre line between Oslo and Trondheim. This article talks about acquiring freely available weather data using APIs at the stopping station and checking the effect of weather elements on the departure delay. Weather elements correlated with the departure delays were rainfall (precipitation) and temperature. This study attempts to articulate the quantitative nature of the effect of these weather elements on the departure delays of the trains. The delay prediction model uses different neural network algorithms. The prediction results from different algorithms are compared to provide a deeper insight into the effect of weather on the delay characteristics.

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   9. An Analysis of Dock-Less Bike Sharing Service in Dublin, Ireland

      • Open Access

      Mounisai Siddartha Middela, Laura Bennett, Vikram Pakrashi, Bidisha Ghosh

      Abstract

      Cycling promotes a healthier lifestyle and alleviates traffic congestion and air pollution. The present study focuses on the dockless bike sharing system in Dublin, Ireland and identifies the socio-economic and built environment factors that affect the dwell time. The origin- destination and timestamp databases obtained from Bleeper Bike are used to estimate the dwell time. The data is analysed using Uber H3 hexagonal zones, and non-spatial and spatial regression models (both spatial lag and spatial error models) are developed. The spatial error model was found to provide a better fit to dwell time. The study identified that key factors such as the presence of public transport stations and car ownership impact dwell time significantly.

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   10. Mobility Data Harmonisation: The TANGENT Solution

       • Open Access

       Marco Comerio, Andrea Fiano, Marco Grassi, Mario Scrocca

       Abstract

       Data interoperability is a challenging objective to enable different stakeholders to communicate and exchange information effectively and with unambiguous meaning. Indeed, stakeholders adopt different (legacy) systems for managing and exchanging data that cannot be directly integrated. The H2020 TANGENT project needs to face data interoperability issues to enable the development of innovative tools for multimodal transport network management and for optimising traffic operations. This paper describes the design and the development of the TANGENT solution for data harmonisation and fusion, realised to face heterogeneous interoperability issues related to data discovery, access, harmonisation, integration, and extraction.

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   11. Towards Privacy-Preserving Connected Vehicles: A Blockchain Approach for Vehicle Identity Management and Data Sharing

       • Open Access

       Dermot O’Brien, Vasileios Christaras, Ioannis Kounelis, Igor Nai Fovino, Georgios Fontaras

       Abstract

       As vehicular connectivity and digitisation surge, escalating data transmission to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and public authorities is vital for the digital transition, for applications from legal compliance to traffic management. Amidst burgeoning data-sharing ecosystems, ensuring secure, private data transmission and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliant user control over vehicle identity and data-sharing permissions becomes pivotal, barring legal and enforcement exceptions. This research explores employing blockchain technology to safeguard privacy and security within a Vehicle Identity Management system, using CO₂ emissions monitoring as an exemplar. Utilising an emulation-based environment, replicating vehicle interactions with European authorities and the European Commission (EC), the study demonstrates that blockchain systems, specifically for CO₂ emissions monitoring, can meet transaction rate and latency demands of large-scale transport applications, accommodating 280 million vehicles reporting annually. This inquiry not only amplifies understanding of blockchain’s applicability in connected transportation systems and secure data exchange among vehicles, authorities, and stakeholders but also lays groundwork for future advancements in trustful, efficient, and secure data interchange, potentially benefiting authorities, industry, and end-users alike.

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   12. A Methodology for Planning and Executing Mobility Data Labs: Fostering Collaboration, Data Sharing, and Innovation

       • Open Access

       Anna Kontini, Alexandros Papacharalampous, Thierry Chevallier, Johannes Lauer

       Abstract

       Data plays a pivotal role in modern mobility research, and data labs have emerged as powerful platforms for promoting collaboration, innovation, and data sharing in the mobility sector. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology designed to plan and execute data labs in the mobility sector, along with its successful implementation within the EU-funded MobiDataLab project context. Central to the methodology is the identification of critical stakeholders, the precise delineation of objectives and challenges, ensuring alignment with genuine mobility issues. It staunchly adheres to a user-centric approach, actively engaging end-users, entrepreneurs, developers, researchers, start-ups, and SMEs with data expertise through a systematic, replicable strategy. Additionally, this paper seeks to introduce the technical infrastructure that was designed and deployed to facilitate these endeavors. The methodology emphasizes the establishment of robust data management systems, protocols, and privacy safeguards. Simultaneously, the methodology advocates for the promotion of interoperability standards and open data formats to facilitate seamless access to diverse data sources. Advanced open data catalogues and data enrichment processors, with anonymization features, further enhance data collaboration and privacy. Capacity-building initiatives enhance stakeholder skills, supported by an Open Knowledge Base for sharing best practices. The methodology's efficacy is finally illustrated through case studies which underscore the concrete benefits of data labs in advancing formal innovation and collaboration within the mobility sector.

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   13. Data Sharing at the Edge of the Network: A Disturbance Resilient Multi-modal ITS

       • Open Access

       Igor Mikolasek, Saeedeh Ghanadbashi, Nima Afraz, Fatemeh Golpayegani

       Abstract

       Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) is a paradigm that encourages the shift from private cars to more sustainable alternative mobility services. MaaS provides services that enhances and enables multiple modes of transport to operate seamlessly and bringing Multimodal Intelligent Transport Systems (M-ITS) closer to reality. This requires sharing and integration of data collected from multiple sources including modes of transports, sensors, and end-users’ devices to allow a seamless and integrated services especially during unprecedented disturbances. This paper discusses the interactions among transportation modes, networks, potential disturbance scenarios, and adaptation strategies to mitigate their impact on MaaS. We particularly discuss the need to share data between the modes of transport and relevant entities that are at the vicinity of each other, taking advantage of edge computing technology to avoid any latency due to communication to the cloud and privacy concerns. However, when sharing at the edge, bandwidth, storage, and computational limitations must be considered.

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   14. nuMIDAS: The New Mobility Data and Solutions Toolkit

       • Open Access

       Sven Maerivoet, Steven Boerma, Rick Overvoorde, Chrysostomos Mylonas, Dimitris Tzanis, Carola Vega, Eglantina Dani, Magdalena Hyksova, Andre Maia Pereira, Valerio Mazzeschi, Valerio Paruscio

       Abstract

       The mobility ecosystem is rapidly evolving, with the rise of new stakeholders and services, accompanied by new ways for the generation, collection, and storing of data. In the nuMIDAS (New Mobility Data and Solutions Toolkit) project, we provided insights into what methodological tools, databases, and models are required, and how existing ones need to be adapted with new data. We started from insights obtained through (market) research and stake-holders, as well as quantitative modelling. A wider applicability of the project’s results across the whole EU was guaranteed as all the research was validated within a selection of case studies in pilot cities, with varying characteristics, thereby giving more credibility to these results. Finally, through an iterative approach, nuMIDAS created a tangible and readily available toolkit that can be deployed elsewhere, including a set of transferability guidelines, thus thereby contributing to the further adoption and exploitation of the project’s results.

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   15. Integrated Evaluation of and Vision on Truck Parking in Flanders, Belgium

       • Open Access

       Sven Maerivoet, Bart Ons, Sven Vlassenroot, Gwynne Vankaauwen

       Abstract

       The Flemish government launched two related projects in Belgium between 2020 and 2023. First, they rolled out an Intelligent Truck Parking Service (ITPS) along a part of the E17 motorway. Then we supported them to develop a vision on truck parking. The ITPS consisted of an app for truck drivers, combined with information on variable message signs. We evaluated the ITPS so as to provide answers to the following research questions: (i) which technology best measures parking occupancy? (ii) what is the impact of providing parking occupancy information to the truck driver? (iii) how do users deal with the information (user experience)? In order to evaluate the ITPS, we performed a technical analysis, an im-pact analysis, a user acceptance analysis, and performed interviews with stakeholders regarding the eco-system. In addition, the analysis of GPS measurements provided insights into used parking locations and occupancies for developing the vision.

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   16. The TANGENT Governance Model for Mobility Data Sharing

       • Open Access

       Antonia Azzini, Marco Comerio, Sabino Metta, Mario Scrocca

       Abstract

       Guaranteed access to mobility for all is one of the conditions for the participation of all individuals in an inclusive society. On the one hand, there is a significant increase in the availability of multimodal mobility services for people. On the other hand, the increase in the movement of people using different mobility services makes traffic management an even more difficult challenge to overcome. Traffic management must move from the traditional management of traffic volumes to managing the different types of available vehicles. For this purpose, the EU-funded TANGENT project is developing new complementary services for optimising multimodal traffic operations. Data from heterogeneous data sources must be appropriately shared between the stakeholders involved in the project to enable the development and testing of these innovative services. This paper presents the methodology adopted by the TANGENT project for formalising the TANGENT Data Sharing Governance model and adequately managing and facilitating data-sharing tasks.

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   17. An Integration Framework to Support Data Sharing and Process Tracking in Intelligent Asset Management Systems

       • Open Access

       Mario Scrocca, Ilaria Baroni, Alessio Carenini, Marco Comerio, Irene Celino

       Abstract

       The advancement of Intelligent Asset Management Systems (IAMS) in the railway sector can be fostered by integrating data and trustworthy artificial/human intelligence. However, the implementation of solutions for maintenance prescription and optimized intervention plans requires the integration of multiple digital artifacts and the involvement of different stakeholders. This paper discusses an IAMS Support Integration Framework, facilitating the integration of diverse digital artifacts for the implementation of intelligent maintenance scenarios in a multi-stakeholder environment. To support the integration, the framework offers functionalities for enhancing data sharing and guaranteeing process tracking within an IAMS. The paper outlines the framework’s requirements and architecture, demonstrates its implementation in practical scenarios from the DAYDREAMS project and presents the preliminary evaluation performed with relevant stakeholders.

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   18. Implementation of a Novel Concept to Unlock Data Value in Multimodal Systems

       • Open Access

       Ismini Stroumpou, Slavica Dožić, Danica Babić, Josep Lluis Larriba Pey, Milica Kalić

       Abstract

       This paper aims to present the basic elements of the Smart Contract Framework (SCF) and the value of data sharing in a multimodal system. SCF is a business process that defines data exchange rules among Transport Service Providers (TSPs) that share the common goal of getting the passenger to his/her destination through a multimodal trip chain. It provides a centralized hub for the generation and management of contracts (i.e., data sharing agreements and smart contracts) via a web platform that allows TSPs to create, negotiate and continuously monitoring and making use of signed contracts. Most importantly, the storage of TSPs’ data and all the data sharing processes are executed outside this platform. Moreover, the SCF will provide a data driven environment where exchanged data can be further used for other purposes (e.g., analytics and business relationships’ analysis). Additionally, data sharing has the potential to create benefits for TSPs in the form of greater transparency, reduced costs, increased revenue, strengthened business relationships, etc.

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   19. Knowledgeable Comprehensive and Fully Integrated Smart Solution for Resilient, Sustainable, and Optimized Transport Operations

       • Open Access

       Giulia Renzi, Piergiuseppe Di Gregorio, Zoi Petrakou, Alexandros Papacharalamous, Alexandros Georgakopoulos, Camille Leotta, Andrea Mutti, Fabrizio Borgogna

       Abstract

       The overreaching goal of this paper is to present how KEYSTONE - a project funded under the Horizon Europe program – aims to develop a knowledgeable, comprehensive, and fully integrated smart solution for resilient, sustainable, and optimized transport operations. Treasuring previous projects that have worked on standardization and learning from the challenges and strength of current European platforms, KEYSTONE has the goal to support the development of a sustainable, efficient, and safe transport system, allowing enforcement authorities to access data for the purpose of checking compliance with rules applied in the transport of goods and passengers. The aim is to tailor standardized digital solutions that can be used from several realities to standardize the transport system. In this paper, the authors present the on-going activities and the methodology that will be followed in order to develop new solutions and demonstrate their validity through an app and through its test with two highly diverse pilots.

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   20. Sociocultural Scenarios for Transport Data Sharing

       The Case of Multimodal Traffic Management in ORCHESTRA Project

       • Open Access

       Ludovic Vaillant, Bruno Dewailly, Marie Douet

       Abstract

       What would the advent of Multimodal Traffic Management (MTM) be like in Europe by 2050? This paper provides some answers by suggesting three contrasted sociocultural scenarios that refer to different key societal values.

       Traffic management has been siloed so far with few or no communication between stakeholders (i.e. network and traffic managers, transport service providers, fleet operators, users, etc.). Yet better coordination based on Data sharing among traffic stakeholders could facilitate the future of more efficient transport from an economic and environmental point of view in line with the European policies. It would also make it easier to manage recurrent or exceptional disruptions.

       Beyond the technological issues raised up by the sharing of traffic data, this paper’s main challenge is to consider the future societal contexts and values on which European society could be based in the next decades.

       Based on a literature review, on practitioners’ and experts’ workshops and interviews, the paper provides three explorative scenarios addressing two questions:

       • How could/should data sharing and its governance be implemented?
       • What societal aspects and concerns should be considered when sharing data?

       These explorative scenarios are thus designed to stimulate debate.

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   21. Creating Efficient and Safe Traffic in a Data Ecosystem

       • Open Access

       Janne Lautanala

       Abstract

       Over the coming years, renewing traffic will, above all, be about making much better use of all kinds of traffic-related data. Data must flow smoothly and be compatible & interoperable between vehicles, different modes of transport, service providers and end users in order for us to create the strongest possible foundation for a sustainable transport system and new transport services and solutions.

       In a data ecosystem, data is exchanged between platforms using interfaces (APIs). In the traffic data ecosystem, we focus on traffic-related data, such as public transport schedules, traffic disruptions or weather conditions, with which service providers and application developers work together to create better customer experience and services.

       Those operating in the data ecosystem have a need for rules, as operators have a need to obtain data from each other. The fair data economy rulebook enables operators to better retain control over the data they share and decide on the related access rights and other business rules. The Rulebook is a tool for sharing increasing quantities of data either free of charge or for a fee, as agreed jointly. In practical terms, this will improve confidence in data integrity, quality, security, identity, operator roles and terms and conditions of use.

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   22. Digitalisation for Optimal Traffic Management: Future-Proofing TfGM’s Intelligent Transport System Platform

       • Open Access

       Hoe Jin Kwon, David Watts, Hannah Tune, Richard Dolphin

       Abstract

       This project aims to develop an enhanced Intelligent Transport System (ITS) platform at Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM) to optimise traffic management and improve efficiency. The focus is on leveraging the collaborative capabilities of the Urban Traffic Management Control (UTMC) system for strategic management of the road network through digital data and smart mobility assets, enabling effective traffic management and fostering collaboration among stakeholders.

       The delivery of the ITS platform will enable the ability to make informed decisions, efficient traffic management, and a holistic approach to transportation. By leveraging the collaborative capabilities of the UTMC system and digitising legacy systems, the project paves the way for a resilient and future-ready transport ecosystem.

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   23. Interoperability Push in Combined Transport: EDICT Increases Digital Collaboration and Establishes a Collaborative Quality Management System

       • Open Access

       Roland Klüber, Eric Feyen, Ina Hockl

       Abstract

       Combined Transport (CT) is one of the most sustainable and safest mode of freight transport in Europe using the advantages of road for the first and last mile and rail for the long-haul journey. The CT chain consists of a comparatively large set of actors and organisation specific rules. Operational issues like a low level of punctuality and related company-specific delay management block efficient quality management and concerted improvement across multiple stakeholders. Under the CEF programme, the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA) co-funded the EDICT project to find pragmatic solutions to ease the connectivity of several existing platforms and to develop standardised master and transaction data to provide a set of interoperable platforms that facilitate the data sharing and interaction between key CT stakeholders. The core innovation is a collaborative Quality Management System (cQMS) that is conceptualised and implemented based on harmonised and improved existing company specific standards for timestamps, delay and cancellation reason codes, and master data. The project partners intend to share a common process design and use a set of interoperable software-as-a-service solutions to improve process and cost efficiency. During the two-year EDICT project lifetime, eight CT stakeholders, under the coordination of the industry association UIRR and consulting partner Consilis, jointly conceptualise, implement, and run a 5-month cQMS demonstrator pilot based on actual operational data.

       The project aims to facilitate the digital integration of Road-Rail Terminal Operators, CT Operators, Railway Undertakings and Infrastructure Managers to provide accurate information and ultimately to improve the overall punctuality, reporting and data analysis capabilities, and service quality to door-to-door customers (LSPs and shippers). Thereby, the project contributes to achieve the EU’s policy objectives to increase the share of rail, to push forward the greening of freight transport and contribute to the European mobility data space. The targeted project results lay the foundation for an industry ecosystem solution providing standardised electronic data interchange and sector-wide processes to improve the service quality of regular Combined Transport trains.

       Technically, several digital platforms are either introduced, modernised or integrated to achieve the best cost-performance ratio and become attractive for a larger group of customers. Piloting 5 regular trains on 3 different TEN-T corridors will serve to learn in practice about benefits and improvement potentials. The evaluation will be used to refine the business model and the adoption strategy to facilitate a future roll-out to become an industry standard. Consequently, not only the CTOs but also the shippers and LSPs will profit from better information transparency on the status of their goods, causes of delays and long-term improvements based on the analysis and elimination of the root causes of disruptions. Thereby, the project and its future roll-out will significantly contribute to a higher attractiveness of Combined Transport and to achieve the declared objectives of the Green Deal, Fit-for-55 and REPowerEU policy initiatives.

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   24. Integrated Data Monitoring in Support of Sustainable Mobility Planners in Tourism Destinations

       • Open Access

       Stavroula Tournaki, Maria Frangou, Nikos Skarakis, Theocharis Tsoutsos

       Abstract

       Tourism destinations are often confronted with the challenge of balancing the capacity of their transport systems, between peak and off-peak periods. In order to properly design, implement and measure solutions’ impacts, data on mobility demand are required. This paper presents an integrated mobility data monitoring scheme, tested for the first time in Rethymno and Platanias, two small insular cities in Crete. The monitoring scheme included mobility and environmental indicators measurements, field research and data analysis methods. Results helped to capture the variation in traffic flows and driving behaviours by vehicle type and daytime, between winter and summer, and better understand the city’s seasonal mobility characteristics. Cities of similar typology (Mediterranean climate, seasonal flows, linear coastal development, limited transport network capacity) can benefit from such simplified schemes. Since the cost is low, cities can acquire real-time data to feed smart tools, like GIS models. Data interpretation allows policymakers, governmental authorities and tourism stakeholders to design traffic calming measures in high-risk locations, to enhance traffic safety for citizens and visitors and improve conditions for active mobility, as well as to introduce policy measures and behaviour change activities for drivers. Cross-analysis with tourism and user behaviour data supports overall mobility and resilience planning.

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