Transportation Issues: From Energy Efficiency to Security and Traffic Automation

Table of Contents

1. Frontmatter

2. Research of Conditions and Results of Implementation of Rational Qualitative Indicators of Vehicle Fuel with Using the Energy Information Field

   Ravil Nurullovich Saffiulin, Rostislav Eduardovich Baruzdin, Daria Dmitrievna Belikova

   Abstract

   The research is aimed at solving typical and practical recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of vehicles by improving the performance of fuel, using alternative sources. The recommendations are based on the determination of the mechanism of influence of the energy-informational field created by the generator of heavy particles. The theoretical foundations of the formation of the technological level of the fuel used under the influence of the energy-information field have been established. Methods and methods of increasing the technological level of the fuel used are presented, based on the use of the effect created by the energy information field.

3. Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Driver–Car–Road–Environment System in Mountainous Conditions by Modelling Energy Exchange Processes

   A. M. Umirzokov, S. S. Saidullozoda, H. B. Huseinov, F. I. Jobirov

   Abstract

   The functioning of the driver–car–road–environment (DCRE) system in mountainous conditions is characterized by a change in its parameters over a wide range and sometimes in an unpredictable manner. The need to assess the functioning of the DCRE system, taking into account the influence of a large number of factors on the formation of its efficiency by modelling energy exchange processes, becomes acute. The studies were carried out to assess the efficiency of the functioning of the DCRE system and develop proposals for identifying reserves to reduce energy costs when solving issues related to the efficiency of the transport process in mountainous conditions. Until now, when assessing the efficiency of the functioning of the DCRE system according to the energy indicator, methods based on assessing the effectiveness of its elements have been used. The proposed mathematical models for assessing energy exchange processes in the DCRE system differ in sufficient adequacy for practical purposes. For practical purposes, the chapter proposes a mathematical model for a comprehensive energy assessment of the efficiency of the functioning of the DCRE system by linear fuel consumption. The research results can be introduced into production when calculating the efficiency of the transport process.

4. Selection of the Control Unit for Spiral-Screw Conveyors of Transport Systems Operating in the Field of Urban Economy

   Oscar Karataev, Vyacheslav Lashkov, Svetlana Kondrasheva, Dina Khamidullina, Elena Karataeva

   Abstract

   The possibility of using spiral-screw conveyors in smart-transport systems of municipal services has been studied in order to reduce traffic congestion caused by the destruction of the roadway or seasonal precipitation (winter sediments), which reduce the efficiency of the road transport infrastructure and increase the level of environmental pollution. Internet technologies make it possible to obtain information from all available sources: traffic lights, cameras and sensors, analyze this data and use the information for a prompt response to emergency situations. For efficient operation of spiral-screw conveyors of a smart vehicle, it is necessary to select a control link based on computer modeling, consisting of a motion source and a motion transducer interacting with an actuator to coordinate the parameters of their operation. A technique for determining some of the most important characteristics of a conveyor is presented, on the basis of which, depending on the Reynolds number, variants of its application are recommended. When choosing a motion converter, depending on the required performance and characteristics of the transported medium in CAD/CAE systems, the calculation and design of bevel gearboxes for the spiral-screw conveyor of mobile machines and plants infrastructure of the “smart city”. In the process, a three-dimensional bevel gear was formed using CAD tools and calculated for strength. The main dimensions of the gears, the power and strength parameters of the bevel gearing, shafts and bearings were calculated in the APМ TRANS, APМ SHAFT and APМ DEAR modules of the APМ WinMachine system. In addition, the calculation results can be used to select a standard gearbox.

5. Features of Designing an Electromechanical Module for Transmissions of Tracked Vehicles

   Roman Dobretsov, Andrei Kaninskii, Irina Troyanovskaya, Sergey Voinash, Alexander Scherbakov

   Abstract

   The fundamental approaches to the design of an electromechanical module that performs the functions of transmitting torque and turning mechanism for a tracked vehicle are considered. Studied features of designing an electromechanical module for transmissions of tracked vehicles. A method for estimating the values of its external parameters is proposed and a structural and kinematic diagram of the electromechanical drive module for the drive sprockets of a caterpillar tractor is proposed based on the principles of designing planetary gearboxes with two degrees of freedom. The features that allow to draw analogies between the considered mechanisms and controlled power distribution mechanisms for transmissions of wheeled and tracked vehicles are reflected. The modes of operation of the proposed mechanism are listed. Dependencies are presented that allow determining gear ratios for various modes of movement of a tracked vehicle. The circuit solution proposed in the chapter seems promising for implementation when creating the chassis of tracked vehicles of small and especially small mass categories.

6. Development of Electric Carsharing as a Tool for Environmental Sustainability and Ektoruzhim Territory

   Julya Sergeevna Valeeva, Julia Viktorovna Nuretdinova, Ilgiz I. Nurtdinov, Diliara Rasimovna Abdrakhmanova

   Abstract

   The presented chapter is devoted to the analysis of the development of electric carsharing in Tatarstan as a tool for the development of ecotourism and environmental sustainability of the region. In their work, they touched upon current urban problems of Kazan, such as the lack of information about the tourism opportunities of specially protected natural areas, the lack of the possibility of creating a comprehensive tour for visiting tourists and the loss of memory of historical places of the Republic of Tatarstan. We have presented specific solutions to these problems:

   • electric carsharing as a way to increase tourists’ attention to specially protected areas, monuments and attractions of the Republic of Tatarstan;
   • electric carsharing as an opportunity to improve the ecology of the region;
   • electric carsharing as the formation of an ecosystem approach to tourism.
     In the course of the study, a website was developed for electric carsharing, which solves the tasks of developing ecotourism in the Republic of Tatarstan using environmentally friendly transport. The relevance of this topic is presented in the state program “Strategy for digital transformation of the ecology and environmental management industry.” The work conducted a survey among tourists about the importance and feasibility of electric carsharing for their choice of transportation and ecotourism. All response results were presented in the form of a pie chart. The study identified the main problem that affects the development of electric vehicles. The lack of charging stations in the city of Kazan is an important obstacle to the purchase of electric vehicles. Having analyzed the factors for the optimal location of charging stations, eco-route maps for tourists to specially protected natural attractions of the Republic of Tatarstan have been proposed.

7. Lifecycle Architecture of Fault-Tolerant Supply Chains

   Anna Sinitsyna, Alexey Nekrasov

   Abstract

   Modern concepts of supply chain and logistics development are changing dynamically, focusing not only on cost-reduction efficiency, but also a reorientation towards safety and fault tolerance, which leads to an increase in time and often the amount of logistics costs. Therefore, the problem of transformation of supply chains (SC) according to the criterion of fault tolerance involves the use of a life cycle architecture, which is an urgent problem of restructuring the entire system of commodity movement and complex objects—supply chains. The aim of the work is to change approaches and meanings to the interpretation of the principles of fault tolerance consideration based on the methodology of proactive management of the architecture of the supply chain lifecycle. This study is based on risk-based and system engineering methods that interpret the supply chain as a complex socio-techno-ecological system (“living organization”) that is able to constantly adapt to external conditions due to the ability to anticipate developments in conditions of high uncertainty, integration of various elements of the system to interact within a single architecture and life cycle processes. Architecture, as a key element of a closed-loop SC, represents a new class of system elements in the field of fault tolerance, assessment and management of systemic risks throughout the organization, as a single integral organism in automation conditions. The basic result of the research discussed in the chapter is not so much the expansion of the scale and volume of processed digital data, but the transition to flexible self-organization based on integrated predictive models with variable architecture and transparency of processes that expand the possibilities of supply chain management, taking into account sustainability and flexibility. The integrated architectural approach to the life cycle ensures coordinated and rapid interaction of processes and supply chain facilities based on the formation of a single trust-based information environment, the possibility of forecasting a tunable architecture and expanding the scope of application of digital twin’s technology.

8. Solution of the Problems of Creating Intelligent Transport Systems Based on Neural Network Modeling

   Olga Kharitonova, Veronika Bronskaya, Denis Balzamov, Tatiana Ignashina, Alsu Lubnina

   Abstract

   Continuous improvements in transport systems suggest the need for monitoring, evaluation of traffic congestion, regular traffic jams during peak load hours, low traffic potential. In this regard, the formation and development of intelligent transport systems based on the training of neural networks in the objective assessment of the parameters of the operation of transport systems within optimally established limits is a priority in the study of transport flows. The purpose of the chapter is the research to solving problems of creating intelligent systems based on training neural networks. There is the analysis of the current trends in the modeling of transport systems in the chapter. A neural network of the transport system is built. The research materials can be used in the development of software complexes of intelligent transport systems that allow to track the dynamics of traffic congestion, to determine the cause-and-effect relationships of deviations from the classical theory, to establish the optimal vector of stable traffic and the parameters of reserves for increasing traffic potential.

9. Blockchain Technology for Transport and Logistics Systems

   Irina Vaslavskaya, Irina Koshkina

   Abstract

   The modern economy involves the use of digital technologies and computer processing of logistics information when choosing routes and transport. In modern transportation logistics, computer processing of initial data (orders, cargo parameters, vehicle fleet, etc.) is necessary when selecting optimal routes and transport. This is due to the ever-increasing volumes of data on the state of control objects and their changes. The data arrive to the transportation control center in a “closed” form from satellites, and manual processing of such a flow of information becomes labor-intensive, which leads to a loss of efficiency of the decisions made and an increase in the number of errors. A possible solution to this problem in logistics systems may be the introduction of blockchain technology, which has a positive impact on solving key problems of supply chain management, including reliability, stability and flexibility of the supply chain. In this regard, the development of modeling apparatus in logistics is relevant for the development of methodological tools for the implementation of blockchain technology in the activities of small enterprises. The main purpose of the study is to present for discussion an information and economic model of the logistics process, on the basis of which it can optimize the work of an enterprise that operates in the field of transport logistics.

10. Revisiting the Possibilities of the Multicriteria Decision Making Method for the Evaluation of Regional Logistic Potential

    Oksana Nikolaevna Rozhko, Rinas Vasimovich Kashbrasiev, Vadim Vasilyevich Khomenko

    Abstract

    The current possibilities and trends in the use of the multi-criteria decision-making method in the optimization of a region's logistics infrastructure are analyzed in this chapter. The mathematical model is based on a multi-criteria assessment of the logistic potential of the region. The authors' optimization approach to the design and development of the regional logistics system's infrastructure will not only reveal the possibilities of the regional logistics resources, but will also contribute to the active integration of Russian regions into the system of internal and international transport corridors. This, in turn, will create new opportunities for the implementation of the region's economic development strategy and integration into world economic relations.

11. Peculiarities of Transportation Infrastructure Development in the Arctic

    Anastasia Gorbacheva, Anastasia Levina, Sofia Kalyazina, Alissa Dubgorn

    Abstract

    The development of transport and logistics infrastructure is one of the most important steps towards sustainable development in the Arctic region. The integration of digital and logistic infrastructure is important. It is this development option that maximally allows to take into account all the essential characteristics of the region, existing problems and limitations. The chapter researches and summarises the available literature on this issue, and on this basis identifies the factors of sustainable development of the Arctic in relation to the possibilities of transport infrastructure development, and proposes solutions to achieve this goal. Using the example of the logistics and digital infrastructure of Murmansk, a model covering all aspects of logistics in the region with the proposed solutions is presented, and the architecture of the logistics infrastructure in Archimate language with elements of motivational extension to demonstrate the directions of development is presented.

12. The Impact of Changes in the Design of Vehicles on Road Safety in the Krasnoyarsk Region

    A. M. Askhabov, A. S. Kashura, E. S. Voevodin, K. V. Baklanova, E. P. Cheban

    Abstract

    In this chapter the dynamics of changes in the structure and composition of the automobile fleet on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk region is considered. The statistics of road accidents in the Krasnoyarsk region due to driving a vehicle with some failures or under conditions which prohibit the operation of the vehicle is analyzed. The legal acts regulating the changes to the design of vehicles in the Russian Federation, as well as the permitted and prohibited changes to the design of the vehicles are considered. The statistical data related to the introduction of changes to the design of the vehicles on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk region are analyzed, namely: the structure of the vehicle fleet which design was changed and registered in accordance with the procedure provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of statistics, conclusions about the goals and features of making changes to the vehicle design in Krasnoyarsk region have been draw.

13. Improving the State Policy for the Development of the Transport Complex in the Context of Digitalization

    Veronika Bronskaya, Alsu Lubnina, Denis Balzamov, Tatiana Ignashina, Olga Kharitonova

    Abstract

    Current trends in the development of the economy require a radical transformation of the transport infrastructure of Russia within the framework of the concept of Industry 4.0. Important parameters of development are the achievement of cost-effectiveness, digitalization, safety, scalability and environmental friendliness of transportation. Advanced directions are the creation of infrastructure for scaling electric and autonomous vehicles that is integrated into a single virtual platform, thereby forming a single cybernetic system. There is the dynamics of the efficiency indicators of freight and passenger transportation in the chapter. The correlation and regression model of digital activity of transport complex enterprises is created. A logical and information model of the development of the transport system in the context of digitalization is proposed. The results of the study can be used for strategic planning of the development of transport infrastructure in Russia.

14. Comprehensive Analysis of the Development of Maritime Transport of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Context of Integration into the Global Transport System

    Timur Sultanov, Sergey Glazyrin, Gulnar Tlepiyeva, Aidar Berdibekov, Niyaz Belgibekov

    Abstract

    The development of the transit potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the most important priority of the economic policy of our country. The geographical location of Kazakhstan in the center of the Eurasian continent, between the largest economically developed countries (Russia and China) and the capacious consuming Central Asian region, determines the enormous transit potential of the republic and creates real preconditions for the participation of the transport network of Kazakhstan in the formation of Eurasian corridors. The implementation of the project on the revival of the Great Silk Road proposed by the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev at a meeting of the Council of Foreign Investors in Astana is highly relevant. As noted by the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, this mega-project will allow doubling the volume of transit cargo traffic through Kazakhstan, further increasing it to at least 50 million tons. With the creation of the Common Economic Space, further deepening of integration cooperation between the member-states to form the Common Transport Space and develop prospective transport corridors seems very relevant. The chapter examines the current state of the maritime transport infrastructure of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its integration into the international chain. The essence and value of the transit potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan are explored, the state of the maritime transport complex is presented, the prerequisites for the use of the transit potential are presented, the seaports performed to increase the efficiency of transit are presented. Trends of the development of the maritime transport, the main directions of improving the transport and logistics infrastructure are considered.