Composite materials, mainly polymer matrix composites (PMCs), metal matrix composites (MMCs), and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), have gained great attention in several industries due to their exceptional mechanical, thermal, fatigue, and corrosion resistance properties. The performance of these composites is heavily dependent on the types of matrices and fibers employed in their fabrication. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the different matrices and fibers utilized in PMCs, MMCs, and CMCs, along with their key characteristics and applications.
In PMCs, a variety of polymer matrices such as polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, and phenolic resins are commonly utilized. These matrices offer a wide range of properties including high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and good fatigue properties. The choice of fibers in PMCs varies from glass, carbon, and aramid fibers to more exotic selections like graphene and carbon nanotubes, each offering unique properties attractive to industries.
In MMCs, metal matrices such as aluminum, titanium, and magnesium are reinforced with high-strength fibers including silicon carbide, alumina, and boron carbide. MMCs exhibit superior strength, stiffness, and thermal conductivity when compared with the host metal, making them valuable for aerospace, automotive, and structural applications.
In the case of CMCs, ceramic matrices such as silicon carbide, alumina, and zirconia are reinforced with ceramic fibers like silicon carbide and alumina. These composites possess exceptional thermal and chemical resistance, making them applicable for high-temperature applications in aerospace, energy, and defense sectors.
Lastly, this chapter focuses on the importance of selecting appropriate matrices and fibers based on the desired properties and application requirements of the composite. Additionally, recent advancements in both matrix and fiber technologies for PMCs, MMCs, and CMCs are discussed, aimed at further enhancing the performance of these composite materials.
