Uncovering energy flexibility of everyday rhythms and routines in households with real-time electricity pricing

Energy demand flexibility is important for a sustainable transition of energy systems, and dynamic electricity pricing, like real-time pricing (RTP), is a popular instrument to incite households to time-shift energy demand. However, the effect of such pricing schemes varies substantially across contexts and depends on the expectations that dynamic price signals integrate into everyday routines and rhythms. This paper investigates the flexibility of the everyday routines and rhythms of households. Based on visits to 11 Danish households and interviews with electricity customers new to RTP, the study provides three insights. First, households expressed confusion over terminology for dynamic pricing products and low interest in flexible energy demand. Second, everyday practices (already) appeared flexible but for reasons other than energy demand flexibility. Third, energy habits were important for providing meaning to everyday practices. The study shows that energy flexibility is not just about energy demand, but rather about all the other activities that form routines and rhythms in everyday life. We suggest (1) designing products that reflect ‘natural’ or ‘societal’ daily rhythms, (2) focusing on the engaged households, and (3) being aware that for some households, changes in pricing, including new payment schemes, might put extra pressure on already harried everyday routines.