Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Computer Vision 11-12/2019

03-12-2018

Understanding and Improving Kernel Local Descriptors

Authors: Arun Mukundan, Giorgos Tolias, Andrei Bursuc, Hervé Jégou, Ondřej Chum

Published in: International Journal of Computer Vision | Issue 11-12/2019

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

We propose a multiple-kernel local-patch descriptor based on efficient match kernels from pixel gradients. It combines two parametrizations of gradient position and direction, each parametrization provides robustness to a different type of patch mis-registration: polar parametrization for noise in the patch dominant orientation detection, Cartesian for imprecise location of the feature point. Combined with whitening of the descriptor space, that is learned with or without supervision, the performance is significantly improved. We analyze the effect of the whitening on patch similarity and demonstrate its semantic meaning. Our unsupervised variant is the best performing descriptor constructed without the need of labeled data. Despite the simplicity of the proposed descriptor, it competes well with deep learning approaches on a number of different tasks.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
Also known as the periodic normal distribution.
 
2
L2Net and HardNet descriptors were provided by the authors of HardNet (Mishchuk et al. 2017).
 
Literature
go back to reference Ahonen, T., Matas, J., He, C., & Pietikäinen, M. (2009). Rotation invariant image description with local binary pattern histogram fourier features. In Scandinavian conference on image analysis (pp. 61–70). Berlin. Ahonen, T., Matas, J., He, C., & Pietikäinen, M. (2009). Rotation invariant image description with local binary pattern histogram fourier features. In Scandinavian conference on image analysis (pp. 61–70). Berlin.
go back to reference Alahi, A., Ortiz, R., & Vandergheynst, P. (2012). Reak: fast retina keypoint. In CVPR. Alahi, A., Ortiz, R., & Vandergheynst, P. (2012). Reak: fast retina keypoint. In CVPR.
go back to reference Ambai, M., & Yoshida, Y. (2011). Card: Compact and real-time descriptors. In ICCV. Ambai, M., & Yoshida, Y. (2011). Card: Compact and real-time descriptors. In ICCV.
go back to reference Arandjelovic, & R., Zisserman, A., (2012). Three things everyone should know to improve object retrieval. In CVPR. Arandjelovic, & R., Zisserman, A., (2012). Three things everyone should know to improve object retrieval. In CVPR.
go back to reference Babenko, A., & Lempitsky, V. (2015). Aggregating deep convolutional features for image retrieval. In ICCV. Babenko, A., & Lempitsky, V. (2015). Aggregating deep convolutional features for image retrieval. In ICCV.
go back to reference Balntas, V., Johns, E., Tang, L., & Mikolajczyk, K. (2016). PN-Net: Conjoined triple deep network for learning local image descriptors. arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.05030 Balntas, V., Johns, E., Tang, L., & Mikolajczyk, K. (2016). PN-Net: Conjoined triple deep network for learning local image descriptors. arXiv preprint arXiv:​1601.​05030
go back to reference Balntas, V., Riba, E., Ponsa, D., & Mikolajczyk, K. (2016). Learning local feature descriptors with triplets and shallow convolutional neural networks. In BMVC. Balntas, V., Riba, E., Ponsa, D., & Mikolajczyk, K. (2016). Learning local feature descriptors with triplets and shallow convolutional neural networks. In BMVC.
go back to reference Balntas, V., Lenc, K., Vedaldi, A., & Mikolajczyk, K. (2017). Hpatches: A benchmark and evaluation of handcrafted and learned local descriptors. In CVPR. Balntas, V., Lenc, K., Vedaldi, A., & Mikolajczyk, K. (2017). Hpatches: A benchmark and evaluation of handcrafted and learned local descriptors. In CVPR.
go back to reference Bau, D., Zhou, B., Khosla, A., Oliva, A., & Torralba, A. (2017). Networkdissection: Quantifying interpretabilityof deep visual representations. In CVPR (pp. 3319–3327). IEEE. Bau, D., Zhou, B., Khosla, A., Oliva, A., & Torralba, A. (2017). Networkdissection: Quantifying interpretabilityof deep visual representations. In CVPR (pp. 3319–3327). IEEE.
go back to reference Bay, H., Ess, A., Tuytelaars, T., & Van Gool, L. (2008). Speeded-up robust features (SURF). CVIU, 110(3), 346–359. Bay, H., Ess, A., Tuytelaars, T., & Van Gool, L. (2008). Speeded-up robust features (SURF). CVIU, 110(3), 346–359.
go back to reference Bo, L., Ren, X., & Fox, D. (2010). Kernel descriptors for visual recognition. In NIPS. Bo, L., Ren, X., & Fox, D. (2010). Kernel descriptors for visual recognition. In NIPS.
go back to reference Bo, L., Ren, X., & Fox, D. (2011). Depth kernel descriptors for object recognition. In IROS. Bo, L., Ren, X., & Fox, D. (2011). Depth kernel descriptors for object recognition. In IROS.
go back to reference Bo, L., & Sminchisescu, C. (2009). Efficient match kernels between sets of features for visual recognition. In NIPS. Bo, L., & Sminchisescu, C. (2009). Efficient match kernels between sets of features for visual recognition. In NIPS.
go back to reference Brown, M., Hua, G., & Winder, S. (2011). Discriminative learning of local image descriptors. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 33(1), 43–57.CrossRef Brown, M., Hua, G., & Winder, S. (2011). Discriminative learning of local image descriptors. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 33(1), 43–57.CrossRef
go back to reference Brown, M., Szeliski, R., & Winder, S. (2005). Multi-image matching using multi-scale oriented patches. CVPR, 1, 510–517. Brown, M., Szeliski, R., & Winder, S. (2005). Multi-image matching using multi-scale oriented patches. CVPR, 1, 510–517.
go back to reference Bursuc, A., Tolias, G., & Jégou, H. Kernel. (2015). local descriptors with implicit rotation matching. In ICMR. Bursuc, A., Tolias, G., & Jégou, H. Kernel. (2015). local descriptors with implicit rotation matching. In ICMR.
go back to reference Calonder, M., Lepetit, V., Strecha, C., & Fua, P. (2010). Brief: Binary robust independent elementary features. In ECCV. Calonder, M., Lepetit, V., Strecha, C., & Fua, P. (2010). Brief: Binary robust independent elementary features. In ECCV.
go back to reference Chum, O. (2015). Low dimensional explicit feature maps. In ICCV. Chum, O. (2015). Low dimensional explicit feature maps. In ICCV.
go back to reference Delhumeau, J., Gosselin, P. H., Jégou, H., & Pérez, P. (2013). Revisiting the VLAD image representation. In ACM multimedia. Delhumeau, J., Gosselin, P. H., Jégou, H., & Pérez, P. (2013). Revisiting the VLAD image representation. In ACM multimedia.
go back to reference Dong, J., & Soatto, S. (2015). Domain-size pooling in local descriptors: Dsp-sift. In CVPR. Dong, J., & Soatto, S. (2015). Domain-size pooling in local descriptors: Dsp-sift. In CVPR.
go back to reference Forssén, P.E., & Lowe, D.G. (2007). Shape descriptors for maximally stable extremal regions. In IEEE 11th international conference on computer vision, 2007. ICCV 2007 (pp. 1–8). IEEE Forssén, P.E., & Lowe, D.G. (2007). Shape descriptors for maximally stable extremal regions. In IEEE 11th international conference on computer vision, 2007. ICCV 2007 (pp. 1–8). IEEE
go back to reference Frahm, J. M., Fite-Georgel, P., Gallup, D., Johnson, T., Raguram, R., Wu, C., et al. (2010). Building rome on a cloudless day. In ECCV. Frahm, J. M., Fite-Georgel, P., Gallup, D., Johnson, T., Raguram, R., Wu, C., et al. (2010). Building rome on a cloudless day. In ECCV.
go back to reference Han, X., Leung, T., Jia, Y., Sukthankar, R., & Berg, A. C. (2015). Matchnet: Unifying feature and metric learning for patch-based matching. In CVPR. Han, X., Leung, T., Jia, Y., Sukthankar, R., & Berg, A. C. (2015). Matchnet: Unifying feature and metric learning for patch-based matching. In CVPR.
go back to reference Heikkila, M., Pietikainen, M., & Schmid, C. (2009). Description of interest regions with local binary patterns. Pattern Recognition, 42(3), 425–436.CrossRef Heikkila, M., Pietikainen, M., & Schmid, C. (2009). Description of interest regions with local binary patterns. Pattern Recognition, 42(3), 425–436.CrossRef
go back to reference Heinly, J., Schonberger, J. L., Dunn, E., & Frahm, J. M. (2015). Reconstructing the world* in six days*(as captured by the yahoo 100 million image dataset). In CVPR. Heinly, J., Schonberger, J. L., Dunn, E., & Frahm, J. M. (2015). Reconstructing the world* in six days*(as captured by the yahoo 100 million image dataset). In CVPR.
go back to reference Jaderberg, M., Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A., et al. (2015). Spatial transformer networks. InNIPS (pp. 2017–2025) Jaderberg, M., Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A., et al. (2015). Spatial transformer networks. InNIPS (pp. 2017–2025)
go back to reference Jégou, H., & Chum, O. (2012). Negative evidences and co-occurrences in image retrieval: The benefit of PCA and whitening. In ECCV. Jégou, H., & Chum, O. (2012). Negative evidences and co-occurrences in image retrieval: The benefit of PCA and whitening. In ECCV.
go back to reference Ke, Y., & Sukthankar, R. (2004). PCA-SIFT: a more distinctive representation for local image descriptors. In CVPR (pp. 506–513). Ke, Y., & Sukthankar, R. (2004). PCA-SIFT: a more distinctive representation for local image descriptors. In CVPR (pp. 506–513).
go back to reference Kokkinos, I., & Yuille, A. (2008). Scale invariance without scale selection. In CVPR. Kokkinos, I., & Yuille, A. (2008). Scale invariance without scale selection. In CVPR.
go back to reference Lazebnik, S., Schmid, C., & Ponce, J. (2005). A sparse texture representation using local affine regions. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(8), 1265–1278.CrossRef Lazebnik, S., Schmid, C., & Ponce, J. (2005). A sparse texture representation using local affine regions. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(8), 1265–1278.CrossRef
go back to reference Ledoit, O., & Wolf, M. (2004). Honey, i shrunk the sample covariance matrix. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 30(4), 110–119.CrossRef Ledoit, O., & Wolf, M. (2004). Honey, i shrunk the sample covariance matrix. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 30(4), 110–119.CrossRef
go back to reference Ledoit, O., & Wolf, M. (2004). A well-conditioned estimator for large-dimensional covariance matrices. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 88(2), 365–411.MathSciNetCrossRef Ledoit, O., & Wolf, M. (2004). A well-conditioned estimator for large-dimensional covariance matrices. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 88(2), 365–411.MathSciNetCrossRef
go back to reference Leutenegger, S., Chli, M., & Siegwart, R. Y. Brisk. (2011). Binary robust invariant scalable keypoints. In ICCV. Leutenegger, S., Chli, M., & Siegwart, R. Y. Brisk. (2011). Binary robust invariant scalable keypoints. In ICCV.
go back to reference Lowe, D. G. (2004). Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. IJCV, 60(2), 91–110.CrossRef Lowe, D. G. (2004). Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. IJCV, 60(2), 91–110.CrossRef
go back to reference Mahendran, A., & Vedaldi, A. (2016). Visualizing deep convolutional neural networks using natural pre-images. IJCV, 120(3), 233–255.MathSciNetCrossRef Mahendran, A., & Vedaldi, A. (2016). Visualizing deep convolutional neural networks using natural pre-images. IJCV, 120(3), 233–255.MathSciNetCrossRef
go back to reference Mairal, J., Koniusz, P., Harchaoui, Z., & Schmid, C. (2014). Convolutional kernel networks. In NIPS (pp. 2627–2635). Mairal, J., Koniusz, P., Harchaoui, Z., & Schmid, C. (2014). Convolutional kernel networks. In NIPS (pp. 2627–2635).
go back to reference Mikolajczyk, K., & Matas, J. (2007). Improving descriptors for fast tree matching by optimal linear projection. In ICCV. Mikolajczyk, K., & Matas, J. (2007). Improving descriptors for fast tree matching by optimal linear projection. In ICCV.
go back to reference Mikolajczyk, K., & Schmid, C. (2005). A performance evaluation of local descriptors. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(10), 1615–1630.CrossRef Mikolajczyk, K., & Schmid, C. (2005). A performance evaluation of local descriptors. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27(10), 1615–1630.CrossRef
go back to reference Mishchuk, A., Mishkin, D., Radenovic, F., & Matas, J. (2017). Working hard to know your neighbor’s margins: Local descriptor learning loss. In NIPS. Mishchuk, A., Mishkin, D., Radenovic, F., & Matas, J. (2017). Working hard to know your neighbor’s margins: Local descriptor learning loss. In NIPS.
go back to reference Mukundan, A., Tolias, G., & Chum, O. (2017). Multiple-kernel local-patch descriptor. In BMVC. Mukundan, A., Tolias, G., & Chum, O. (2017). Multiple-kernel local-patch descriptor. In BMVC.
go back to reference Ojala, T., Pietikainen, M., & Maenpaa, T. (2002). Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 24(7), 971–987.CrossRef Ojala, T., Pietikainen, M., & Maenpaa, T. (2002). Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 24(7), 971–987.CrossRef
go back to reference Oliva, A., & Torralba, A. (2001). Modeling the shape of the scene: A holistic representation of the spatial envelope. IJCV, 42(3), 145–175.CrossRef Oliva, A., & Torralba, A. (2001). Modeling the shape of the scene: A holistic representation of the spatial envelope. IJCV, 42(3), 145–175.CrossRef
go back to reference Paulin, M., Douze, M., Harchaoui, Z., Mairal, J., Perronin, F., & Schmid, C. (2015). Local convolutional features with unsupervised training for image retrieval. In ICCV. Paulin, M., Douze, M., Harchaoui, Z., Mairal, J., Perronin, F., & Schmid, C. (2015). Local convolutional features with unsupervised training for image retrieval. In ICCV.
go back to reference Paulin, M., Mairal, J., Douze, M., Harchaoui, Z., Perronnin, F., & Schmid, C. (2017). Convolutional patch representations for image retrieval: An unsupervised approach. ICCV, 121(1), 149–168. Paulin, M., Mairal, J., Douze, M., Harchaoui, Z., Perronnin, F., & Schmid, C. (2017). Convolutional patch representations for image retrieval: An unsupervised approach. ICCV, 121(1), 149–168.
go back to reference Philbin, J., Isard, M., Sivic, J., & Zisserman, A. (2010). Descriptor learning for efficient retrieval. In ECCV. Philbin, J., Isard, M., Sivic, J., & Zisserman, A. (2010). Descriptor learning for efficient retrieval. In ECCV.
go back to reference Radenović, F., Tolias, G., & Chum, O. (2016). CNN image retrieval learns from BoW: Unsupervised fine-tuning with hard examples. In ECCV. Radenović, F., Tolias, G., & Chum, O. (2016). CNN image retrieval learns from BoW: Unsupervised fine-tuning with hard examples. In ECCV.
go back to reference Rublee, E., Rabaud, V., Konolige, K., & Bradski, G. (2011). Orb: An efficient alternative to sift or surf. In ICCV. Rublee, E., Rabaud, V., Konolige, K., & Bradski, G. (2011). Orb: An efficient alternative to sift or surf. In ICCV.
go back to reference Schmid, C., & Mohr, R. (1997). Local grayvalue invariants for image retrieval. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 19(5), 530–535.CrossRef Schmid, C., & Mohr, R. (1997). Local grayvalue invariants for image retrieval. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 19(5), 530–535.CrossRef
go back to reference Schonberger, J. L., & Frahm, J. M. (2016). Structure-from-motion revisited. In CVPR. Schonberger, J. L., & Frahm, J. M. (2016). Structure-from-motion revisited. In CVPR.
go back to reference Schönberger, J. L., Hardmeier, H., Sattler, T., & Pollefeys, M. (2017). Comparative evaluation of hand-crafted and learned local features. In CVPR. Schönberger, J. L., Hardmeier, H., Sattler, T., & Pollefeys, M. (2017). Comparative evaluation of hand-crafted and learned local features. In CVPR.
go back to reference Schönberger, J. L., Radenović, F., Chum, O., & Frahm, J. M. (2015). From single image query to detailed 3D reconstruction. In CVPR. Schönberger, J. L., Radenović, F., Chum, O., & Frahm, J. M. (2015). From single image query to detailed 3D reconstruction. In CVPR.
go back to reference Scovanner, P., Ali, S., & Shah, M. (2007). A 3-dimensional sift descriptor and its application to action recognition. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on multimedia (pp. 357–360). Scovanner, P., Ali, S., & Shah, M. (2007). A 3-dimensional sift descriptor and its application to action recognition. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on multimedia (pp. 357–360).
go back to reference Shechtman, E., & Irani, M. (2007). Matching local self-similarities across images and videos. In CVPR (p. (pp. 1–8). IEEE. Shechtman, E., & Irani, M. (2007). Matching local self-similarities across images and videos. In CVPR (p. (pp. 1–8). IEEE.
go back to reference Simo-Serra, E., Trulls, E., Ferraz, L., Kokkinos, I., Fua, P., & Moreno-Noguer, F. (2015). Discriminative learning of deep convolutional feature point descriptors. In ICCV. Simo-Serra, E., Trulls, E., Ferraz, L., Kokkinos, I., Fua, P., & Moreno-Noguer, F. (2015). Discriminative learning of deep convolutional feature point descriptors. In ICCV.
go back to reference Simonyan, K., Vedaldi, A., & Zisserman, A. (2014). Learning local feature descriptors using convex optimisation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 36(8), 1573–1585.CrossRef Simonyan, K., Vedaldi, A., & Zisserman, A. (2014). Learning local feature descriptors using convex optimisation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 36(8), 1573–1585.CrossRef
go back to reference Taira, H., Torii, A., & Okutomi, M. (2016). Robust feature matching by learning descriptor covariance with viewpoint synthesis. In ICPR. Taira, H., Torii, A., & Okutomi, M. (2016). Robust feature matching by learning descriptor covariance with viewpoint synthesis. In ICPR.
go back to reference Tian, B. F. Y., & Wu, F. (2017). L2-net: Deep learning of discriminative patch descriptor in euclidean space. In CVPR. Tian, B. F. Y., & Wu, F. (2017). L2-net: Deep learning of discriminative patch descriptor in euclidean space. In CVPR.
go back to reference Tola, E., Lepetit, V., & Fua, P. (2010). Daisy: An efficient dense descriptor applied to wide-baseline stereo. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(5), 815–830.CrossRef Tola, E., Lepetit, V., & Fua, P. (2010). Daisy: An efficient dense descriptor applied to wide-baseline stereo. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(5), 815–830.CrossRef
go back to reference Tolias, G., Bursuc, A., Furon, T., & Jégou, H. (2015). Rotation and translation covariant match kernels for image retrieval. CVIU, 140, 9–20. Tolias, G., Bursuc, A., Furon, T., & Jégou, H. (2015). Rotation and translation covariant match kernels for image retrieval. CVIU, 140, 9–20.
go back to reference Trzcinski, T., Christoudias, M., Lepetit, V., & Fua, P. (2012). Learning image descriptors with the boosting-trick. In NIPS Trzcinski, T., Christoudias, M., Lepetit, V., & Fua, P. (2012). Learning image descriptors with the boosting-trick. In NIPS
go back to reference van de Sande, K. E. A., Gevers, T., & Snoek, C. G. M. (2010). Evaluating color descriptors for object and scene recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(9), 1582–1596.CrossRef van de Sande, K. E. A., Gevers, T., & Snoek, C. G. M. (2010). Evaluating color descriptors for object and scene recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(9), 1582–1596.CrossRef
go back to reference Vedaldi, A., & Zisserman, A. (2010). Efficient additive kernels via explicit feature maps. In CVPR. Vedaldi, A., & Zisserman, A. (2010). Efficient additive kernels via explicit feature maps. In CVPR.
go back to reference Vedaldi, A., & Zisserman, A. (2012). Efficient additive kernels via explicit feature maps. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 34, 480–492.CrossRef Vedaldi, A., & Zisserman, A. (2012). Efficient additive kernels via explicit feature maps. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 34, 480–492.CrossRef
go back to reference Wang, P., Wang, J., Zeng, G., Xu, W., Zha, H., & Li, S. (2013). Supervised kernel descriptors for visual recognition. In CVPR. Wang, P., Wang, J., Zeng, G., Xu, W., Zha, H., & Li, S. (2013). Supervised kernel descriptors for visual recognition. In CVPR.
go back to reference Winder, S., & Brown, M. (2007). Learning local image descriptors. In CVPR. Winder, S., & Brown, M. (2007). Learning local image descriptors. In CVPR.
go back to reference Yi, K. M., Trulls, E., Lepetit, V., & Fua, P. (2016). Lift: Learned invariant feature transform. In ECCV (pp. 467–483). Springer. Yi, K. M., Trulls, E., Lepetit, V., & Fua, P. (2016). Lift: Learned invariant feature transform. In ECCV (pp. 467–483). Springer.
go back to reference Yosinski, J., Clune, J., Nguyen, A., Fuchs, T., & Lipson, H. (2015). Understanding neural networks through deep visualization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.06579 Yosinski, J., Clune, J., Nguyen, A., Fuchs, T., & Lipson, H. (2015). Understanding neural networks through deep visualization. arXiv preprint arXiv:​1506.​06579
go back to reference Yu, G., & Morel, J. M. (2009). A fully affine invariant image comparison method. In ICASSP. (pp. 1597–1600). IEEE. Yu, G., & Morel, J. M. (2009). A fully affine invariant image comparison method. In ICASSP. (pp. 1597–1600). IEEE.
go back to reference Zagoruyko, S., & Komodakis, N. (2015). Learning to compare image patches via convolutional neural networks. In CVPR. Zagoruyko, S., & Komodakis, N. (2015). Learning to compare image patches via convolutional neural networks. In CVPR.
go back to reference Zeiler, M. D., & Fergus, R. (2014). Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks. In ECCV. Zeiler, M. D., & Fergus, R. (2014). Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks. In ECCV.
go back to reference Zhou, L., Zhu, S., Shen, T., Wang, J., Fang, T., & Quan, L. (2017). Progressive large scale-invariant image matching in scale space. In ICCV. Zhou, L., Zhu, S., Shen, T., Wang, J., Fang, T., & Quan, L. (2017). Progressive large scale-invariant image matching in scale space. In ICCV.
Metadata
Title
Understanding and Improving Kernel Local Descriptors
Authors
Arun Mukundan
Giorgos Tolias
Andrei Bursuc
Hervé Jégou
Ondřej Chum
Publication date
03-12-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
International Journal of Computer Vision / Issue 11-12/2019
Print ISSN: 0920-5691
Electronic ISSN: 1573-1405
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-018-1137-8

Other articles of this Issue 11-12/2019

International Journal of Computer Vision 11-12/2019 Go to the issue

Premium Partner