Skip to main content
Top

2012 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. Utilization of Biogas as a Renewable Carbon Source: Dry Reforming of Methane

Authors : Christina Papadopoulou, Haris Matralis, Xenophon Verykios

Published in: Catalysis for Alternative Energy Generation

Publisher: Springer New York

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Environmental concerns and sustainability issues demand the production of energy carriers from renewable resources using, if possible, technologies and infrastructure developed for fossil fuels. Biogas, a product of waste biomass anaerobic digestion, is a promising raw material for this purpose. As it consists mainly of CH4 and CO2, the most suitable process for its utilization is the dry reforming of methane (DRM) to synthesis gas and then to liquid energy carriers via the Fischer–Tropsch technology. This chapter reviews the chemistry of DRM and the catalytic systems developed for this process, with emphasis on the most important issue, namely, catalyst deactivation due to accumulation of carbonaceous deposits.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
4.
go back to reference European Commission, Eurostat (2010) Energy, energy statistics and quantities, primary production of renewable energy. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=ten00081. Accessed 9 Jan 2011 European Commission, Eurostat (2010) Energy, energy statistics and quantities, primary production of renewable energy. http://​epp.​eurostat.​ec.​europa.​eu/​tgm/​table.​do?​tab=​table&​plugin=​1&​language=​en&​pcode=​ten00081.​ Accessed 9 Jan 2011
7.
go back to reference Yoshida Y, Dowaki K, Matsumura Y, Matsuhashid R, Li D, Ishitani H, Komiyama H (2003) Comprehensive comparison of efficiency and CO2 emissions between biomass energy conversion technologies—position of supercritical water gasification in biomass technologies. Biomass Bioenergy 25:257–272. doi:10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00016-3 CrossRef Yoshida Y, Dowaki K, Matsumura Y, Matsuhashid R, Li D, Ishitani H, Komiyama H (2003) Comprehensive comparison of efficiency and CO2 emissions between biomass energy conversion technologies—position of supercritical water gasification in biomass technologies. Biomass Bioenergy 25:257–272. doi:10.​1016/​S0961-9534(03)00016-3 CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Anex RP, Aden A, Kazi FK, Fortman J, Swanson RM, Wright MM, Satrio JA, Brown RC, Daugaard DE, Platon A, Kothandaraman G, Hsu DD, Dutta A (2010) Techno-economic comparison of biomass-to-transportation fuels via pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical pathways. Fuel 89:S29–S35. doi:doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.015 CrossRef Anex RP, Aden A, Kazi FK, Fortman J, Swanson RM, Wright MM, Satrio JA, Brown RC, Daugaard DE, Platon A, Kothandaraman G, Hsu DD, Dutta A (2010) Techno-economic comparison of biomass-to-transportation fuels via pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical pathways. Fuel 89:S29–S35. doi:doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​fuel.​2010.​07.​015 CrossRef
12.
20.
go back to reference Li ZL, Devianto H, Kwon HH, Yoon SP, Lim TH, Lee HI (2010) The catalytic performance of Ni/MgSiO3 catalyst for methane steam reforming in operation of direct internal reforming MCFC. J Ind Eng Chem 16:485–489. doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2010.01.058 Li ZL, Devianto H, Kwon HH, Yoon SP, Lim TH, Lee HI (2010) The catalytic performance of Ni/MgSiO3 catalyst for methane steam reforming in operation of direct internal reforming MCFC. J Ind Eng Chem 16:485–489. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jiec.​2010.​01.​058
24.
go back to reference Roloson BD, Scott NR, Bothi K, Saikkonen K, Zicari S (2006) Biogas processing—the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Agreement No: NYSERDA 7250, Albany, NY Roloson BD, Scott NR, Bothi K, Saikkonen K, Zicari S (2006) Biogas processing—the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Agreement No: NYSERDA 7250, Albany, NY
29.
go back to reference Syed M, Soreanu G, Falletta P, Béland M (2006) Removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas streams using biological processes—a review. Can Biosyst Eng 48:2.1–2.14 Syed M, Soreanu G, Falletta P, Béland M (2006) Removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas streams using biological processes—a review. Can Biosyst Eng 48:2.1–2.14
30.
go back to reference Wakker JP, Gerritsen AW, Moulijn JA (1993) High temperature hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide removal with manganese oxide (MnO) and iron oxide (FeO) on gamma-alumina acceptors. Ind Eng Chem Res 32(1):139–149. doi:10.1021/ie00013a019 CrossRef Wakker JP, Gerritsen AW, Moulijn JA (1993) High temperature hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide removal with manganese oxide (MnO) and iron oxide (FeO) on gamma-alumina acceptors. Ind Eng Chem Res 32(1):139–149. doi:10.​1021/​ie00013a019 CrossRef
31.
32.
go back to reference Sanchez JM, Ruiz E, Otero J (2005) Selective removal of hydrogen sulphide from gaseous streams using a zinc-based sorbent. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:241–249. doi:10.1021/ie0497902 CrossRef Sanchez JM, Ruiz E, Otero J (2005) Selective removal of hydrogen sulphide from gaseous streams using a zinc-based sorbent. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:241–249. doi:10.​1021/​ie0497902 CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Kim BG, Ju WD, Kim I, Woo HC, Park DW (2004) Performance of vanadium-molybdenum mixed oxide catalysts in selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide containing excess water and ammonia. Solid State Ion 172:135–138. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2004.02.043 CrossRef Kim BG, Ju WD, Kim I, Woo HC, Park DW (2004) Performance of vanadium-molybdenum mixed oxide catalysts in selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide containing excess water and ammonia. Solid State Ion 172:135–138. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ssi.​2004.​02.​043 CrossRef
37.
44.
go back to reference Alonso-Vicario A, Ochoa-Gomez JR, Gil-Río S, Gomez-Jiménez-Aberasturi O, Ramírez-Lopez CA, Torrecilla-Soria J, Domínguez A (2010) Purification and upgrading of biogas by pressure swing adsorption on synthetic and natural zeolites. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 134:100–107. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2010.05.014 CrossRef Alonso-Vicario A, Ochoa-Gomez JR, Gil-Río S, Gomez-Jiménez-Aberasturi O, Ramírez-Lopez CA, Torrecilla-Soria J, Domínguez A (2010) Purification and upgrading of biogas by pressure swing adsorption on synthetic and natural zeolites. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 134:100–107. doi:10.​1016/​j.​micromeso.​2010.​05.​014 CrossRef
48.
go back to reference McCrary JH, McCrary GE, Chubb TA, Nemecek JJ, Simmons DE (1982) An experimental study of the CO2–CH4 reforming-methanation cycle as a mechanism for converting and transporting solar energy. Sol Energy 29:141–151. doi:10.1016/0038-092X(82)90176-1 CrossRef McCrary JH, McCrary GE, Chubb TA, Nemecek JJ, Simmons DE (1982) An experimental study of the CO2–CH4 reforming-methanation cycle as a mechanism for converting and transporting solar energy. Sol Energy 29:141–151. doi:10.​1016/​0038-092X(82)90176-1 CrossRef
56.
57.
go back to reference Song C (2001) Tri-reforming: a new process for reducing CO2 emissions. Chem Innovat 31:21–26 Song C (2001) Tri-reforming: a new process for reducing CO2 emissions. Chem Innovat 31:21–26
63.
go back to reference Wang S, Lu G, Millar GJ (1996) Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to produce synthesis gas over metal-supported catalysts: state of the art. Energy Fuel 10:896–904. doi:10.1021/ef950227t CrossRef Wang S, Lu G, Millar GJ (1996) Carbon dioxide reforming of methane to produce synthesis gas over metal-supported catalysts: state of the art. Energy Fuel 10:896–904. doi:10.​1021/​ef950227t CrossRef
65.
go back to reference Tsipouriari VA, Verykios XE (1999) Carbon and oxygen reaction pathways of CO2 reforming of methane over Ni/La2O3 and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts studied by isotopic tracing techniques. J Catal 187:85–94. doi:10.1006/jcat.1999.2565 CrossRef Tsipouriari VA, Verykios XE (1999) Carbon and oxygen reaction pathways of CO2 reforming of methane over Ni/La2O3 and Ni/Al2O3 catalysts studied by isotopic tracing techniques. J Catal 187:85–94. doi:10.​1006/​jcat.​1999.​2565 CrossRef
70.
71.
go back to reference Bengaard HS, Nørskov JK, Sehested J, Clausen BS, Nielsen LP, Molenbroek AM, Rostrup-Nielsen JR (2002) Steam reforming and graphite formation on Ni catalysts. J Catal 209:365–384. doi:10.1006/jcat.2002.3579 CrossRef Bengaard HS, Nørskov JK, Sehested J, Clausen BS, Nielsen LP, Molenbroek AM, Rostrup-Nielsen JR (2002) Steam reforming and graphite formation on Ni catalysts. J Catal 209:365–384. doi:10.​1006/​jcat.​2002.​3579 CrossRef
74.
75.
76.
go back to reference Osaki T, Masuda H, Horiuchi T, Mori T (1995) Highly hydrogen-deficient hydrocarbon species for the CO2-reforming of CH4 on Co/A12O3 catalyst. Catal Lett 34:59–63. doi:10.1007/BF00808322 CrossRef Osaki T, Masuda H, Horiuchi T, Mori T (1995) Highly hydrogen-deficient hydrocarbon species for the CO2-reforming of CH4 on Co/A12O3 catalyst. Catal Lett 34:59–63. doi:10.​1007/​BF00808322 CrossRef
78.
go back to reference Imelik B, Vedrine JC (eds) (1994) Catalyst characterization, physical techniques for solid materials. Springer, New York Imelik B, Vedrine JC (eds) (1994) Catalyst characterization, physical techniques for solid materials. Springer, New York
89.
go back to reference De Leitenburg C, Trovarelli A, Kaspar J (1997) A temperature-programmed and transient kinetic study of CO2 activation and methanation over CeO2 supported noble metals. J Catal 166:98–107. doi:10.1006/jcat.1997.1498 CrossRef De Leitenburg C, Trovarelli A, Kaspar J (1997) A temperature-programmed and transient kinetic study of CO2 activation and methanation over CeO2 supported noble metals. J Catal 166:98–107. doi:10.​1006/​jcat.​1997.​1498 CrossRef
92.
go back to reference Akpan E, Yanping Suna Y, Kumar P, Ibrahim H, Aboudheir A, Idem R (2007) Kinetics, experimental and reactor modelling studies of the carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CDRM) over a new Ni/CeO2–ZrO2 catalyst in a packed bed tubular reactor. Chem Eng Sci 62:4012–4024. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2007.04.044 CrossRef Akpan E, Yanping Suna Y, Kumar P, Ibrahim H, Aboudheir A, Idem R (2007) Kinetics, experimental and reactor modelling studies of the carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CDRM) over a new Ni/CeO2–ZrO2 catalyst in a packed bed tubular reactor. Chem Eng Sci 62:4012–4024. doi:10.​1016/​j.​ces.​2007.​04.​044 CrossRef
103.
go back to reference Abild-Pedersen F, Norskov JK, RostrupNielsen JR, Sehested J, Helveg S (2006) Mechanisms for catalytic carbon nanofiber growth studied by ab initio density functional theory calculations. Phys Rev B 73:115419-1–115419-13. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.73.115419 CrossRef Abild-Pedersen F, Norskov JK, RostrupNielsen JR, Sehested J, Helveg S (2006) Mechanisms for catalytic carbon nanofiber growth studied by ab initio density functional theory calculations. Phys Rev B 73:115419-1–115419-13. doi:10.​1103/​PhysRevB.​73.​115419 CrossRef
109.
111.
go back to reference Claridge JB, Green MLH, Tsang SC, York APE, Ashcroft AT, Battle PD (1993) A study of carbon deposition on catalysts during the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas. Catal Lett 22:299–305. doi:10.1007/BF00807237 CrossRef Claridge JB, Green MLH, Tsang SC, York APE, Ashcroft AT, Battle PD (1993) A study of carbon deposition on catalysts during the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas. Catal Lett 22:299–305. doi:10.​1007/​BF00807237 CrossRef
115.
go back to reference Corthals S, Van Nederkassel J, Geboers J, De Winne H, Van Noyen J, Moens B, Sels B, Jacobs P (2008) Influence of composition of MgAl2O4 supported NiCeO2ZrO2 catalysts on coke formation and catalyst stability for dry reforming of methane. Catal Today 138:28–32. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2008.04.038 CrossRef Corthals S, Van Nederkassel J, Geboers J, De Winne H, Van Noyen J, Moens B, Sels B, Jacobs P (2008) Influence of composition of MgAl2O4 supported NiCeO2ZrO2 catalysts on coke formation and catalyst stability for dry reforming of methane. Catal Today 138:28–32. doi:10.​1016/​j.​cattod.​2008.​04.​038 CrossRef
117.
go back to reference Rivas ME, Fierro JLG, Goldwasser MR, Pietri E, Perez-Zurita MJ, Griboval-Constant A, Leclercq G (2008) Structural features and performance of LaNi1−x Rh x O3 system for the dry reforming of methane. Appl Catal A Gen 344:10–19. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2008.03.023 CrossRef Rivas ME, Fierro JLG, Goldwasser MR, Pietri E, Perez-Zurita MJ, Griboval-Constant A, Leclercq G (2008) Structural features and performance of LaNi1−x Rh x O3 system for the dry reforming of methane. Appl Catal A Gen 344:10–19. doi:10.​1016/​j.​apcata.​2008.​03.​023 CrossRef
119.
go back to reference Helveg S, Lopez-Cartes C, Sehested J, Hansen PL, Clausen BS, Rostrup-Nielsen JR, Abild-Pedersen F, Nørskov JK (2004) Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth. Nature 427:426–429. doi:10.1038/nature02278 CrossRef Helveg S, Lopez-Cartes C, Sehested J, Hansen PL, Clausen BS, Rostrup-Nielsen JR, Abild-Pedersen F, Nørskov JK (2004) Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth. Nature 427:426–429. doi:10.​1038/​nature02278 CrossRef
127.
go back to reference Tang S, Ji L, Lin J, Zeng HC, Tan KL, Li K (2000) CO2 reforming of methane to synthesis gas over sol-gel-made Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts from organometallic precursors. J Catal 194:424–430. doi:10.1006/jcat.2000.2957 CrossRef Tang S, Ji L, Lin J, Zeng HC, Tan KL, Li K (2000) CO2 reforming of methane to synthesis gas over sol-gel-made Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts from organometallic precursors. J Catal 194:424–430. doi:10.​1006/​jcat.​2000.​2957 CrossRef
129.
go back to reference Frusteri F, Spadaro L, Arena F, Chuvilin A (2002) TEM evidence for factors affecting the genesis of carbon species on bare and K-promoted Ni/MgO catalysts during the dry reforming of methane. Carbon 40:1063–1070. doi:10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00243-3 CrossRef Frusteri F, Spadaro L, Arena F, Chuvilin A (2002) TEM evidence for factors affecting the genesis of carbon species on bare and K-promoted Ni/MgO catalysts during the dry reforming of methane. Carbon 40:1063–1070. doi:10.​1016/​S0008-6223(01)00243-3 CrossRef
130.
go back to reference Liu H, Li S, Zhang Ζ, Chen L, Zhou G, Wang J, Wang X (2008) Catalytic performance of monolithic foam Ni/SiC catalyst in carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas. Catal Lett 120:111–115. doi:10.1007/s10562-007-9260-0 CrossRef Liu H, Li S, Zhang Ζ, Chen L, Zhou G, Wang J, Wang X (2008) Catalytic performance of monolithic foam Ni/SiC catalyst in carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas. Catal Lett 120:111–115. doi:10.​1007/​s10562-007-9260-0 CrossRef
132.
go back to reference Fouskas A, Kollia M, Kambolis A, Papadopoulou C, Matralis H (2010) Effect of Boron on the coking resistance of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for the dry reforming of methane. 9th Novel gas conversion symposium: C1–C4 chemistry: from fossil to bio resources, Lyon, France 30th May–3rd June Fouskas A, Kollia M, Kambolis A, Papadopoulou C, Matralis H (2010) Effect of Boron on the coking resistance of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for the dry reforming of methane. 9th Novel gas conversion symposium: C1–C4 chemistry: from fossil to bio resources, Lyon, France 30th May–3rd June
136.
go back to reference Ferreira-Aparicio P, Guerrero-Ruiz A, Rodriguez-Ramos I (1998) Comparative study at low and medium reaction temperatures of syngas production by methane reforming with carbon dioxide over silica and alumina supported catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen 170:177–187. doi:10.1016/S0926-860X(98)00048-9 CrossRef Ferreira-Aparicio P, Guerrero-Ruiz A, Rodriguez-Ramos I (1998) Comparative study at low and medium reaction temperatures of syngas production by methane reforming with carbon dioxide over silica and alumina supported catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen 170:177–187. doi:10.​1016/​S0926-860X(98)00048-9 CrossRef
140.
go back to reference Zhang ZL, Tsipouriari VA, Efstathiou AM, Verykios XE (1996) Reforming of methane with carbon dioxide to synthesis gas over supported rhodium catalysts. I. Effects of support and metal crystallite size on reaction activity and deactivation characteristics. J Catal 158:51–63. doi:10.1006/jcat.1996.0005 CrossRef Zhang ZL, Tsipouriari VA, Efstathiou AM, Verykios XE (1996) Reforming of methane with carbon dioxide to synthesis gas over supported rhodium catalysts. I. Effects of support and metal crystallite size on reaction activity and deactivation characteristics. J Catal 158:51–63. doi:10.​1006/​jcat.​1996.​0005 CrossRef
141.
go back to reference Efstathiou AM, Kladi A, Tsipouriari VA, Verykios XE (1996) Reforming of methane with carbon dioxide to synthesis gas over supported rhodium catalysts. II. A steady-state tracing analysis: mechanistic aspects of the carbon and oxygen reaction pathways to form CO. J Catal 158:64–75. doi:10.1006/jcat.1996.0006 CrossRef Efstathiou AM, Kladi A, Tsipouriari VA, Verykios XE (1996) Reforming of methane with carbon dioxide to synthesis gas over supported rhodium catalysts. II. A steady-state tracing analysis: mechanistic aspects of the carbon and oxygen reaction pathways to form CO. J Catal 158:64–75. doi:10.​1006/​jcat.​1996.​0006 CrossRef
144.
152.
153.
164.
168.
172.
go back to reference Basile F, Fornasari G, Poluzzi E, Vaccari A (1998) Catalytic partial oxidation and CO2-reforming on Rh- and Ni-based catalysts obtained from hydrotalcite-type precursors. Appl Clay Sci 13:329–345. doi:10.1016/S0169-1317(98)00031-3 CrossRef Basile F, Fornasari G, Poluzzi E, Vaccari A (1998) Catalytic partial oxidation and CO2-reforming on Rh- and Ni-based catalysts obtained from hydrotalcite-type precursors. Appl Clay Sci 13:329–345. doi:10.​1016/​S0169-1317(98)00031-3 CrossRef
173.
go back to reference Tsyganok AI, Tsunoda T, Hamakawa S, Suzuki K, Takehira K, Hayakawa T (2003) Dry reforming of methane over catalysts derived from nickel-containing Mg–Al layered double hydroxides. J Catal 213:191–203. doi:10.1016/S0021-9517(02)00047-7 CrossRef Tsyganok AI, Tsunoda T, Hamakawa S, Suzuki K, Takehira K, Hayakawa T (2003) Dry reforming of methane over catalysts derived from nickel-containing Mg–Al layered double hydroxides. J Catal 213:191–203. doi:10.​1016/​S0021-9517(02)00047-7 CrossRef
174.
go back to reference Tsyganok AI, Inaba M, Tsunoda T, Suzuki K, Takehira K, Hayakawa T (2004) Combined partial oxidation and dry reforming of methane to synthesis gas over noble metals supported on Mg–Al mixed oxide. Appl Catal A Gen 275:149–155. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2004.07.030 CrossRef Tsyganok AI, Inaba M, Tsunoda T, Suzuki K, Takehira K, Hayakawa T (2004) Combined partial oxidation and dry reforming of methane to synthesis gas over noble metals supported on Mg–Al mixed oxide. Appl Catal A Gen 275:149–155. doi:10.​1016/​j.​apcata.​2004.​07.​030 CrossRef
175.
go back to reference Takehira K, Kawabata T, Shishido T, Murakami K, Ohi T, Shoro D, Honda M, Takaki K (2005) Mechanism of reconstitution of hydrotalcite leading to eggshelltype Ni loading on Mg–Al mixed oxide. J Catal 231:92–104. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2005.01.025 CrossRef Takehira K, Kawabata T, Shishido T, Murakami K, Ohi T, Shoro D, Honda M, Takaki K (2005) Mechanism of reconstitution of hydrotalcite leading to eggshelltype Ni loading on Mg–Al mixed oxide. J Catal 231:92–104. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jcat.​2005.​01.​025 CrossRef
177.
go back to reference Ohi T, Miyata T, Li D, Shishido T, Kawabata T, Sano T, Takehira K (2006) Sustainability of Ni loaded Mg–Al mixed oxide catalyst in daily startup and shutdown operations of CH4 steam reforming. Appl Catal A Gen 308:194–203. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2006.04.025 CrossRef Ohi T, Miyata T, Li D, Shishido T, Kawabata T, Sano T, Takehira K (2006) Sustainability of Ni loaded Mg–Al mixed oxide catalyst in daily startup and shutdown operations of CH4 steam reforming. Appl Catal A Gen 308:194–203. doi:10.​1016/​j.​apcata.​2006.​04.​025 CrossRef
186.
go back to reference Bernal S, Calvino JJ, Cauqui MA, Gatica JM, Lopez Cartes C, Pérez Omil JA, Pintado JM (2003) Some contributions of electron microscopy to the characterisation of the strong metal-support interaction effect. Catal Today 77:385–406. doi:10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00382-6 CrossRef Bernal S, Calvino JJ, Cauqui MA, Gatica JM, Lopez Cartes C, Pérez Omil JA, Pintado JM (2003) Some contributions of electron microscopy to the characterisation of the strong metal-support interaction effect. Catal Today 77:385–406. doi:10.​1016/​S0920-5861(02)00382-6 CrossRef
188.
190.
go back to reference Kaspar J, Di Monte R, Fornasiero P, Graziani M, Bradshaw H, Norman C (2001) Dependency of the oxygen storage capacity in zirconia–ceria solid solutions upon textural properties. Top Catal 16–17:83–87. doi:10.1023/A:1016682831177 CrossRef Kaspar J, Di Monte R, Fornasiero P, Graziani M, Bradshaw H, Norman C (2001) Dependency of the oxygen storage capacity in zirconia–ceria solid solutions upon textural properties. Top Catal 16–17:83–87. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1016682831177 CrossRef
191.
go back to reference Damyanova S, Pawelec B, Arishtirova K, Martinez Huerta MV, Fierro JLG (2009) The effect of CeO2 on the surface and catalytic properties of Pt/CeO2–ZrO2 catalysts for methane dry reforming. Appl Catal B Environ 89:149–159. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.11.035 CrossRef Damyanova S, Pawelec B, Arishtirova K, Martinez Huerta MV, Fierro JLG (2009) The effect of CeO2 on the surface and catalytic properties of Pt/CeO2–ZrO2 catalysts for methane dry reforming. Appl Catal B Environ 89:149–159. doi:10.​1016/​j.​apcatb.​2008.​11.​035 CrossRef
194.
go back to reference Kumar P, Sun Y, Idem RO (2007) Nickel-based ceria, zirconia, and ceria–zirconia catalytic systems for low-temperature carbon dioxide reforming of methane. Energy Fuel 21:3113–3123. doi:10.1021/ef7002409 CrossRef Kumar P, Sun Y, Idem RO (2007) Nickel-based ceria, zirconia, and ceria–zirconia catalytic systems for low-temperature carbon dioxide reforming of methane. Energy Fuel 21:3113–3123. doi:10.​1021/​ef7002409 CrossRef
199.
go back to reference Otsuka K, Wang Y, Nakamura M (1999) Direct conversion of methane to synthesis gas through gas-solid reaction using CeO2–ZrO2 solid solution at moderate temperature. Appl Catal A Gen 183:317–324. doi:10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00070-8 CrossRef Otsuka K, Wang Y, Nakamura M (1999) Direct conversion of methane to synthesis gas through gas-solid reaction using CeO2–ZrO2 solid solution at moderate temperature. Appl Catal A Gen 183:317–324. doi:10.​1016/​S0926-860X(99)00070-8 CrossRef
206.
go back to reference Liu H, Li S, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhou G, Chen L, Wang X (2008) Catalytic performance of novel Ni catalysts supported on SiC monolithic foam in carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas. Catal Commun 9:51–54. doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2007.05.002 CrossRef Liu H, Li S, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhou G, Chen L, Wang X (2008) Catalytic performance of novel Ni catalysts supported on SiC monolithic foam in carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas. Catal Commun 9:51–54. doi:10.​1016/​j.​catcom.​2007.​05.​002 CrossRef
209.
go back to reference Yamazaki O, Nozaki T, Omata K, Fujimoto K (1992) Reduction of carbon dioxide by methane with Ni-on-MgO-CaO containing catalysts. Chem Lett 1953–1954. doi:10.1246/cl.1992.1953 Yamazaki O, Nozaki T, Omata K, Fujimoto K (1992) Reduction of carbon dioxide by methane with Ni-on-MgO-CaO containing catalysts. Chem Lett 1953–1954. doi:10.​1246/​cl.​1992.​1953
211.
go back to reference Choudhary VR, Rajput AM, Prabhakar B (1994) NiO/CaO-catalyzed formation of syngas by coupled exothermic oxidative conversion and endothermic CO2 and steam reforming of methane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 33:2104–2106. doi:10.1002/anie.199421041 CrossRef Choudhary VR, Rajput AM, Prabhakar B (1994) NiO/CaO-catalyzed formation of syngas by coupled exothermic oxidative conversion and endothermic CO2 and steam reforming of methane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 33:2104–2106. doi:10.​1002/​anie.​199421041 CrossRef
213.
go back to reference Goula MA, Lemonidou AA, Efstathiou AM (1996) Characterization of carbonaceous species formed during reforming of CH4 with CO2 over Ni/CaO-Al2O3 catalysts studied by various transient techniques. J Catal 161:626–640. doi:10.1006/jcat.1996.0225 CrossRef Goula MA, Lemonidou AA, Efstathiou AM (1996) Characterization of carbonaceous species formed during reforming of CH4 with CO2 over Ni/CaO-Al2O3 catalysts studied by various transient techniques. J Catal 161:626–640. doi:10.​1006/​jcat.​1996.​0225 CrossRef
214.
go back to reference Chang JS, Park SE, Chon H (1996) Catalytic activity and coke resistance in the carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over zeolite-supported Ni catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen 145:111–124. doi:10.1016/0926-860X(96)00150-0 CrossRef Chang JS, Park SE, Chon H (1996) Catalytic activity and coke resistance in the carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over zeolite-supported Ni catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen 145:111–124. doi:10.​1016/​0926-860X(96)00150-0 CrossRef
216.
go back to reference Horiuchi T, Sakuma K, Fukui T, Kubo Y, Osaki T, Mori T (1996) Suppression of carbon deposition in the CO2-reforming of CH4 by adding basic metal oxides to a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. Appl Catal A Gen 144:111–120. doi:10.1016/0926-860X(96)00100-7 CrossRef Horiuchi T, Sakuma K, Fukui T, Kubo Y, Osaki T, Mori T (1996) Suppression of carbon deposition in the CO2-reforming of CH4 by adding basic metal oxides to a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. Appl Catal A Gen 144:111–120. doi:10.​1016/​0926-860X(96)00100-7 CrossRef
217.
go back to reference Zhang Z, Verykios XE, MacDonald SM, Affrossman S (1996) Comparative study of carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over Ni/La2O3 and conventional nickel-based catalysts. J Phys Chem 100:744–754. doi:10.1021/jp951809e CrossRef Zhang Z, Verykios XE, MacDonald SM, Affrossman S (1996) Comparative study of carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas over Ni/La2O3 and conventional nickel-based catalysts. J Phys Chem 100:744–754. doi:10.​1021/​jp951809e CrossRef
218.
go back to reference Quincoces CE, Perez de Vargas S, Diaz A, Montes M, Gonzalez MG (1998) Morphological changes of Ca promoted Ni/SiO2 catalysts and carbon deposition during CO2 reforming of methane. Stud Surf Sci Catal 119:837–842. doi:10.1016/S0167-2991(98)80536-3 CrossRef Quincoces CE, Perez de Vargas S, Diaz A, Montes M, Gonzalez MG (1998) Morphological changes of Ca promoted Ni/SiO2 catalysts and carbon deposition during CO2 reforming of methane. Stud Surf Sci Catal 119:837–842. doi:10.​1016/​S0167-2991(98)80536-3 CrossRef
219.
225.
go back to reference Ping C, Yin HZ, Ming ZX (2005) Production of synthesis gas via methane reforming with CO2 on Ni/SiO2 catalysts promoted by alkali and alkaline earth metals. Chin J Chem 23:847–851. doi:10.1002/cjoc.200590847 CrossRef Ping C, Yin HZ, Ming ZX (2005) Production of synthesis gas via methane reforming with CO2 on Ni/SiO2 catalysts promoted by alkali and alkaline earth metals. Chin J Chem 23:847–851. doi:10.​1002/​cjoc.​200590847 CrossRef
231.
234.
235.
go back to reference Chen Y, Tomishige K, Yokohama K, Fujimoto K (1997) Promoting effect of Pt, Pd and Rh noble metals to the Ni0.03Mg0.97O solid solution catalysts for the reforming of CH4 with CO2. Appl Catal A Gen 165:335–347. doi:10.1016/S0926-860X(97)00216-0 CrossRef Chen Y, Tomishige K, Yokohama K, Fujimoto K (1997) Promoting effect of Pt, Pd and Rh noble metals to the Ni0.03Mg0.97O solid solution catalysts for the reforming of CH4 with CO2. Appl Catal A Gen 165:335–347. doi:10.​1016/​S0926-860X(97)00216-0 CrossRef
240.
go back to reference Tomishige K, Himeno Y, Matsuo Y, Yoshinaga Y, Fujimoto K (2000) Catalytic performance and carbon deposition behavior of a NiO–MgO solid solution in methane reforming with carbon dioxide under pressurized conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 39:1891–1897. doi:10.1021/ie990884z CrossRef Tomishige K, Himeno Y, Matsuo Y, Yoshinaga Y, Fujimoto K (2000) Catalytic performance and carbon deposition behavior of a NiO–MgO solid solution in methane reforming with carbon dioxide under pressurized conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 39:1891–1897. doi:10.​1021/​ie990884z CrossRef
241.
go back to reference Goldwasser MR, Rivas ME, Pietri E, Pérez-Zurita MJ, Cubeiro ML, Gingembre L, Leclercq L, Leclercq G (2003) Perovskites as catalysts precursors: CO2 reforming of CH4 on Ln1−x Ca x Ru0.8Ni0.2O3 (Ln=La, Sm, Nd). Appl Catal A Gen 255:45–57. doi:10.1016/S0926-860X(03)00643-4 CrossRef Goldwasser MR, Rivas ME, Pietri E, Pérez-Zurita MJ, Cubeiro ML, Gingembre L, Leclercq L, Leclercq G (2003) Perovskites as catalysts precursors: CO2 reforming of CH4 on Ln1−x Ca x Ru0.8Ni0.2O3 (Ln=La, Sm, Nd). Appl Catal A Gen 255:45–57. doi:10.​1016/​S0926-860X(03)00643-4 CrossRef
242.
go back to reference Goldwasser MR, Rivas ME, Lugo ML, Pietri E, Pérez-Zurita MJ, Cubeiro ML, Griboval-ConstantA LG (2005) Combined methane reforming in presence of CO2 and O2 over LaFe1−x Co x O3 mixed-oxide perovskites as catalysts precursors. Catal Today 107–108:106–113. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2005.07.073 CrossRef Goldwasser MR, Rivas ME, Lugo ML, Pietri E, Pérez-Zurita MJ, Cubeiro ML, Griboval-ConstantA LG (2005) Combined methane reforming in presence of CO2 and O2 over LaFe1−x Co x O3 mixed-oxide perovskites as catalysts precursors. Catal Today 107–108:106–113. doi:10.​1016/​j.​cattod.​2005.​07.​073 CrossRef
245.
go back to reference Gallego GS, Mondragon F, Tatibouet JM, Barrault J, Batiot-Dupeyrat C (2008) Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over La2NiO4 as catalyst precursor—characterization of carbon deposition. Catal Today 133–135:200–209. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2007.12.075 CrossRef Gallego GS, Mondragon F, Tatibouet JM, Barrault J, Batiot-Dupeyrat C (2008) Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over La2NiO4 as catalyst precursor—characterization of carbon deposition. Catal Today 133–135:200–209. doi:10.​1016/​j.​cattod.​2007.​12.​075 CrossRef
248.
249.
250.
go back to reference Rivas ME, Fierro JLG, Guil-Lopez R, Pena MA, La Parola V, Goldwasser MR (2008) Preparation and characterization of nickel-based mixed-oxides and their performance for catalytic methane decomposition. Catal Today 133–135:367–373. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2007.12.045 CrossRef Rivas ME, Fierro JLG, Guil-Lopez R, Pena MA, La Parola V, Goldwasser MR (2008) Preparation and characterization of nickel-based mixed-oxides and their performance for catalytic methane decomposition. Catal Today 133–135:367–373. doi:10.​1016/​j.​cattod.​2007.​12.​045 CrossRef
254.
256.
go back to reference Balachandran U, Dusek JT, Mieville RL, Poeppel RB, Kleefisch MS, Pei S, Kobylinski TP, Udovich CA, Bose AC (1995) Dense ceramic membranes for partial oxidation of methane to syngas. Appl Catal A Gen 133:19–29. doi:10.1016/0926-860X(95)00159-X CrossRef Balachandran U, Dusek JT, Mieville RL, Poeppel RB, Kleefisch MS, Pei S, Kobylinski TP, Udovich CA, Bose AC (1995) Dense ceramic membranes for partial oxidation of methane to syngas. Appl Catal A Gen 133:19–29. doi:10.​1016/​0926-860X(95)00159-X CrossRef
259.
261.
262.
go back to reference Provendier H, Petit C, Estournes C, Libs S, Kiennemann A (1999) Stabilisation of active nickel catalysts in partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas by iron addition. Appl Catal A Gen 180:163–173. doi:10.1016/S0926-860X(98)00343-3 CrossRef Provendier H, Petit C, Estournes C, Libs S, Kiennemann A (1999) Stabilisation of active nickel catalysts in partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas by iron addition. Appl Catal A Gen 180:163–173. doi:10.​1016/​S0926-860X(98)00343-3 CrossRef
263.
267.
go back to reference Horvath A, Stefler G, Geszti O, Kienneman A, Pietraszek A, Guczi L (2010) Methane dry reforming with CO2 on CeZr-oxide supported Ni, NiRh and NiCo catalysts prepared by sol-gel technique: relationship between activity and coke formation. Catal Today 169(1):102–111. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2010.08.004 CrossRef Horvath A, Stefler G, Geszti O, Kienneman A, Pietraszek A, Guczi L (2010) Methane dry reforming with CO2 on CeZr-oxide supported Ni, NiRh and NiCo catalysts prepared by sol-gel technique: relationship between activity and coke formation. Catal Today 169(1):102–111. doi:10.​1016/​j.​cattod.​2010.​08.​004 CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Utilization of Biogas as a Renewable Carbon Source: Dry Reforming of Methane
Authors
Christina Papadopoulou
Haris Matralis
Xenophon Verykios
Copyright Year
2012
Publisher
Springer New York
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0344-9_3

Premium Partners