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2010 | Book

Vehicular-2-X Communication

State-of-the-Art and Research in Mobile Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Authors: Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Ilja Radusch, Mihai Adrian Rigani

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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About this book

Universal vehicular communication promises many improvements in terms of ac- dent avoidance and mitigation, better utilization of roads and resources such as time and fuel, and new opportunities for infotainment applications. However, before widespread acceptance, vehicular communication must meet challenges comparable to the trouble and disbelief that accompanied the introduction of traf c lights back then. The rst traf c light was installed in 1868 in London to signal railway, but only later, in 1912, was invented the rst red-green electric traf c light. And roughly 50 years after the rst traf c light, in 1920, the rst four-way traf c signal comparable to our today’s traf c lights was introduced. The introduction of traf c signals was necessary after automobiles soon became prevalent once the rst car in history, actually a wooden motorcycle, was constructed in 1885. Soon, the scene became complicated, requiring the introduction of the “right-of-way” philosophy and later on the very rst traf c light. In the same way the traf c light was a necessary mean to regulate the beginning of the automotive life and to protect drivers, passengers, as well as pedestrians and other inhabitants of the road infrastructure, vehicular communication is necessary to accommodate the further growth of traf c volume and to signi cantly reduce the number of accidents.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
Universal vehicular communication promises many improvements in terms of accident avoidance and mitigation, better utilization of roads and resources such as time and fuel, and new opportunities for infotainment applications. However, before widespread acceptance, vehicular communication must meet challenges comparable to the trouble and disbelief that accompanied the introduction of traffic lights back then. The first traffic light was installed in 1868 in London to signal railway, but only later, in 1912, was invented the first red-green electric traffic light. And roughly 50 years after the first traffic light, in 1920, the first four-way traffic signal comparable to our today’s traffic lights was introduced.
Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Ilja Radusch, Mihai Adrian Rigani
Chapter 2. Applications of Vehicular Communication
Abstract
Summarizing recent classifications (such as the Car-2-Car Communication Consortium), we will, for the purpose of this book, use the following extended top-level application domains (Fig. 2.1):
• Safety,
• Resource Efficiency (including traffic as well as environmental efficiency), and
• Infotainment and Advanced Driver Assistance Services (ADAS).
Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Ilja Radusch, Mihai Adrian Rigani
Chapter 3. Communication Regimes
Abstract
Orthogonal to the application domains are the vehicle communication regimes. Classifying these regimes is multi-facetted. We define communication regimes according to the technology required (transmission scheme: bidirectional and position based), but we also define the regimes according to the usage (Fig. 3.1 ) (transmission type: in-vehicle, vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure, vehicle-to-backoffice).
Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Ilja Radusch, Mihai Adrian Rigani
Chapter 4. Information in the Vehicular Network
Abstract
We classify the required information into three categories: a general one common for any application and other two with particular information for permanent beacons and for alerts. Please note that permanent beacons are actually periodic but with high frequency rate and we call them permanent to distinguish them from alerts (see Chap. 6 for details).
Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Ilja Radusch, Mihai Adrian Rigani
Chapter 5. Routing
Abstract
Routing refers to move a data packet from source to destination and if required the assignment of a path to the destination. In multi-hop regime routing means to forward packets that contain information through other vehicles [1]. This information refers to alerts about events that already happened, like local danger warnings and traffic flow information. If no vehicle is within the communication range a packet is stored and forwarded as soon as a new vehicle comes into reach.
Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Ilja Radusch, Mihai Adrian Rigani
Chapter 6. Medium Access for Vehicular Communications
Abstract
MAC (Medium Access Control) layer protocol consists of a set of rules, so that a node knows when to transmit messages and when not to. The message has a lifetime and during this lifetime the packet is transmitted and retransmitted. Afterwards, the message is discarded [1, 2]. The MAC protocol is used to combat the collision problem at the receiver. The design of the protocol has the goal to achieve high reception reliability and low latency [1].
Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Ilja Radusch, Mihai Adrian Rigani
Chapter 7. Physical Layer Technologies
Abstract
Although IEEE 802.11b has been demonstrating some capabilities for the communication between mobiles at high speed in ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems), a new standard was introduced: IEEE 802.11p [1]. The lower layer of IEEE 802.11p is the base standard for the new coming DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications), which involves vehicle-to-x communication. The frequency allocation in US (5,850–5,925 GHz) was done from 2004, while in Europe, EU DSRC was adopted in August 2008 with the frequency band within the range of 5,875–5,905 GHz [2]. Currently, a newly formed Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) study group works on the migration of IEEE 802.11 standards toward 802.11p [3, 4]. The WAVE study group is working on more standards: IEEE P1609.3 that specifies the overall communication architecture and the IEEE 802.11p, IEEE P1609.1, IEEE P1609.4, IEEE P1609.2 which focus on the architecture’s details. The 802.11p PHY layer follows the same frame structure, modulation scheme and training sequences of the IEEE 802.11a PHY layer [3–5].
Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Ilja Radusch, Mihai Adrian Rigani
Chapter 8. Security
Abstract
We make the observation that all of the communication regimes require reliable security [1]. The main purpose of the comprehensive set of security mechanisms is to assure the physical safety of the passengers in the vehicle.
Radu Popescu-Zeletin, Ilja Radusch, Mihai Adrian Rigani
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Vehicular-2-X Communication
Authors
Radu Popescu-Zeletin
Ilja Radusch
Mihai Adrian Rigani
Copyright Year
2010
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-540-77143-2
Print ISBN
978-3-540-77142-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77143-2

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