Skip to main content
Register
Springer Professional
SEARCH
Menu 1 2 3 4
Top

2023 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

Velocity-Free Localization Methodology for Acoustic and Microseismic Sources

Authors: Longjun Dong, Xibing Li

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Login to get access
share
SHARE
insite
SEARCH

About this book

In this book, we proposed velocity-free localization methods for acoustic and microseismic sources. This method does not require predetermination of wave velocity, which is a dynamically adjusted free real-time parameter. These methods solve the problem of large localization error caused by the difference between measured wave velocity and actual wave velocity in the source area and greatly improve the positioning accuracy.

They are suitable for complex structures where the wave velocity changes dynamically in time and space, such as mines, bridges, buildings, pavements, loaded mechanical structures, dams, geothermal mining, oil extraction, and other engineering fields. This book includes progress in the development of localization methods, factors affecting the accuracy of source localization, analytical methods without the pre-measured wave velocity, velocity-free numerical methods for localizing acoustic sources, combined optimal velocity-free localization methods, velocity-free source localization considering complex paths of spatial structures, and theories as well as some cases of engineering applications of these methods.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
Source localization methodology has made great progress with many new models being proposed over the past hundred years. This chapter is devoted to the development of acoustic and microseismic source localization method from 1910 when the first source localization methodology, Geiger method, was proposed. To describe the methods as clearly as possible, the localization methods are divided into three categories—analytical methods, iterative methods, and emerging methods.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 2. The Basic Theory of Source Localization
Abstract
The present chapter mainly introduces the basic knowledge about source localization methods including parameters in monitoring technology, mathematical functions of velocity-free localization methods and traditional methods as well as their application in 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D cases. Furthermore, the comparison between velocity-free methods and traditional methods is discussed by conducting some experimental tests.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 3. Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Acoustic Emission Sources Localization
Abstract
In practical application, localization accuracy is closely associated with environmental conditions. Therefore, the influence of temperature, velocity, sensor position, stress stages and optimization algorithms on acoustic emission localization accuracy are investigated. A number of experiments are designed and conducted where the velocity-free methods and traditional methods are applied to source localization. The results reveal some regulations concerning location accuracy and based on them some suggestions are put forward to improve location accuracy in different conditions.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 4. Three-Dimensional Analytical Solution Under the Cuboid, Rectangular Pyramid, and Random Sensor Networks
Abstract
The source localization methods discussed here are analytical solutions with unknown velocity, in which explicit formulas are used to express source coordinates. In the process of deriving analytical solutions, the cuboid, rectangular pyramid, and random sensor networks are taken into consideration. The analytical solutions are then validated using authentic data from numerical and experimental tests.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 5. Iterative Method for Velocity-Free Model
Abstract
This chapter discusses three iterative methods without velocity measurement. The multi-step localization method based on the TD method, the localization method using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm and the localization method using P-wave and S-wave arrivals are introduced. Numerical and experimental tests are then conducted to validate the localization performances of the mentioned methods. The traditional methods are also applied to source localization for comparison.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 6. Collaborative Localization Method Using Analytical and Iterative Solutions
Abstract
In this chapter, the collaborative localization method using analytical and iterative solutions is introduced. The analytical localization method is used to remove abnormal arrivals since it can obtain a stable solution with high precision when the input data is accurate. To reduce errors induced by the dynamic wave velocity, the iterative solution without the need for premeasured P-wave velocity is used to improve the locating accuracy since it can optimize results using the advantage of multiple sensors. The method is validated by locating blasting sources and microseismic sources.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 7. Velocity-Free Localization Methods for the Complex Structures Based on Non-straight Wave Travel Paths
Abstract
To locate sources in complex structures, some velocity-free localization methods are introduced. The A* path search algorithm is improved and applied to determine the actual wave paths for source localization using the velocity-free method. Furthermore, a 3-D localization method that considers an unknown empty area, named VFH is introduced for the hole-containing structure. The validating tests are then demonstrated and the results are discussed.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 8. Application of Velocity-Free Localization Method in Hazard Analysis of slopes in Rare Earth Mine
Abstract
A source localization test is conducted in the rare earth mine slope and the velocity-free localization method with active sources correction is used to determine the source positions. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) is used to characterize the response caused by the disturbance source, based on this the dynamic response and disaster development regulation can be qualitatively evaluated. The PGA values are obtained through the forward model using random forest and gradient boosted decision tree algorithms. The relative risk level of the slope is then divided according to the statistical distribution of PGA. The hazard level of the slope under dynamic disturbance at different positions is presented and the hazardous areas are determined.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 9. Velocity-Free Localization of Trapped People
Abstract
It is vital for rescuers to accurately locate the trapped people and carry out rescue work in time. The blasting and drilling tests are conducted to simulate the distress signals sent by the trapped people knocking with tools. The velocity-free localization method and traditional method are used to determine the source positions. The results show that it is feasible to apply the AE location method to determine the location of trapped people. The velocity-free method performed better than the traditional method in such a situation.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 10. Velocity-Free Localization of Autonomous Driverless Vehicles
Abstract
In addition to solving problems of deep mining and reducing the frequent disasters caused by the harsh conditions, the application and promotion of autonomous driverless vehicles in underground mines can also protect the life and property of the workers as well as provide technical support for the safe and efficient recycling of deep resources. Virtual sources localization and laboratory pencil lead break tests were conducted to assess the reliability, effectiveness, and accuracy of the velocity-free localization method used to locate the autonomous driverless vehicles.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 11. Application of Velocity-Free Methods in Micro-Crack Mechanism and Instability Precursors
Abstract
In this chapter, moment tensor and velocity-free localization methods are used to analyze the micro-crack mechanism and predict rock instability. A uniaxial compression test of a granite sample was conducted. The source position was obtained by the velocity-free localization method and then the moment tensor for each event was calculated considering the uncertainties of P-wave polarity, azimuth and the takeoff angles of the rays. The evolution of different types of cracks in granite using moment tensor inversion is then discussed.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Chapter 12. The Case of the Velocity Field Imaging in Mine—The Prediction of Rock Instability Risk
Abstract
This chapter introduces a method, combining the microseismic muti-parameter and tomography for early warning of rock instability in underground mining. The microseismic monitoring data is employed and the microseismic sources are determined using the velocity-free localization method. Based on the location result, tomography analysis is conducted for several layers. Taking into account the indication of the tomography results, multi-parameters, in-site surveys, mining parameters, and records of daily works, the rock instability risk is evaluated.
Longjun Dong, Xibing Li
Metadata
Title
Velocity-Free Localization Methodology for Acoustic and Microseismic Sources
Authors
Longjun Dong
Xibing Li
Copyright Year
2023
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-19-8610-9
Print ISBN
978-981-19-8609-3
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8610-9