VIII International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum

In Germany, most of logistic halls are constructed with precast reinforced concrete members. Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for logistic halls where the roof construction is to realize with a span of up to 60 m without any inner support. However, the production and the transport of 60 m long precast concrete members are only to perform under extraordinary difficulties. Therefore, it was necessary to develop another solution. The idea was to produce two separate precast concrete segments and to transport them to the site. At the site the segments are combined to the final girder by prestressing them together, resulting in a segmental girder with the requested span of 60 m. The paper provides information about the structural demands on the joint between the two segments and the carried-out experimental program.

Cost estimates are essential for construction projects success in terms of completion of a project on budget. The estimates that are delivered in the early phase of construction projects are of special importance. The paper presents results of research on applicability of artificial neural networks for early cost estimates of bridge structures. Number of multilayer perceptron networks were investigated as a core of regression models developed to support cost prediction. Basic parameters of bridge structures were used as input values, whereas real life construction costs played the role of expected output values. Data used in the course of the research consisted of information collected for 161 bridge construction projects completed in Poland. One neural network of best performance was selected to be the core of the model with the use of two-step procedure. This network’s structure was 21-2-1 activation functions applied were hyperbolic tangent for hidden layer and linear for output layer. Performance of the model in the light of applied measures such as root mean squared error, mean absolute percentage error and assessment of absolute percentage errors distribution and expectations for early cost estimates is acceptable.

The article provides a way to prevent deformation of linear structures in connection with the laying of the heat mains, which contributes to the formation of ice. The considered pavement design when laying the heating system is being erected on a section of the highway belonging to category III roads. The results of scientific research and engineering calculations of the parameters of rational road structures when laying a heating network are presented using the example of the Far Eastern section of the highway. Development is a generalization of the results of solving engineering, scientific and computational-applied problems. In the considered area, a heating network is laid, which will subsequently warm the outer surface of the asphalt concrete due to the heat generated by the pipes, which will cause ice formation on the outer surface of the asphalt concrete in the period with negative temperatures.

Technological innovations are spreading in all sectors. The application of innovation to the construction industry is not straight forward, despite the importance of this sector in the development and growth of the wider economy. One of the innovative approaches to increasing the technical, technological, time, safety, quality and environmental efficiency of construction is the application of radio frequency identification (RFID) to the building sites. The aim of the paper is to point out the possibilities of using RFID technology for construction and to describe the advantages of its application. The case study was chosen as a research method. The research object was a construction of “Waste collection area” in Torysa village. Three variants of RFID technology (component types and its location) application for this particular construction site has been designed and then assessed. The cost parameters of the use of RFID technology for all variants were analysed and described benefits of its use in term of time, cost, quality, safety and environment point of view.

The aim of the study is to compose equation of the microseismic field within the territory of the Sredneamurskaya plain development for average ground conditions. For this, an analysis of previously performed work was carried out, and tasks were set. The territory is located within the Sikhote-Alin fold system. The disjunctive tectonics of the region are determined by deep-seated faults of the northeastern strike, some of which are part of the largest Tan-Lu system, stretching from China. Faults of this system are characterized by a left-shear amplitude component. Deep faults that locate in close proximity are manifested only in geophysical fields in the form of the gravity field gradient zones and are not expressed morphologically. Active faults within the territory under consideration include the Kursk deep fault, with an area associated with 2.6–6.5 magnitudes earthquakes. The study of morphological forms showed that most faults have no signs of activity at the present stage. Despite the presence of a number of positive and negative neotectonic structures (uplifts and depressions), as well as deep faults revealed by geological and geophysical data there are no reasons to isolate individual seismogenic zones within the Sredneamurskaya Depression.

The paper covers the results of phenomena and process researches that influence deformations in soil bases in the annual cycle. The target research focuses on deformations in an embankment under operation in severe natural climatic, engineering and geological conditions. The causes of a road exploitation in permafrost areas with cryogenic deformations are presented. It is necessary to reduce the length of sections under the slow order that has been introduced due to unpredictable deformations in the embankment, while the sections are located in complex natural, climatic, geological and engineering conditions. In addition, it is necessary to provide a planned strengthening of the embankment, thus preventing appearance of deformations, and carry out a reconstruction of the embankment on the sections expecting an increasing volume of coal. A cause-effect analysis of processes and phenomena in soils fosters justification of designs and their better selection for improving mechanical strength characteristics that accord with natural restoring processes in soils (drainage and strengthening). A rational justification of the roadbed strengthening and a testing introduction are mandatory requirements for the roadbed design that provides the technical system bearing capacity with developed and patented technical solutions.

The target research are actual problems of the embankment maintenance on weak soils including thawing permafrost. The objectives of the research given in the paper is first, to determine the causes of deformations in the embankment on endorheic sections, and second, to offer patented innovative technical solutions for stabilizing the embankment when strengthening both current railroad lines and constructing the new ones on weak and thawing permafrost soils. This supplies an introduction of advanced traffic technologies. They provide increased axle and per unit length loads as well as using trains of increased weight in areas with weak and permafrost soils. Some methods are given as the research results on diagnostics and forecasts of deformations in the embankment on endorheic subgrades.

Usually, in studies, the temperature is assumed to be the same over the entire considered area during the roller pass. This assumption negatively affects the compression ratio achieved, namely, some areas may be under-compacted. At the point of contact with roller mix temperature is determined only by the time interval from the paver starts laying until roller run over the considered area. This time interval can be represented as a sum of: interval from the moment the mixture was laid to the moment a paver finishes work on the lane section; interval from the moment compaction of lane section starts to the moment a roller run over the considered area; time break from the moment when paver completed laying to the moment when roller starts compaction of the lane section. The obtained expressions set connection between the roller drum coordinate on a lane section and time when this position is reached. The obtained expressions allow us to calculate the asphalt concrete mix temperature at the moment of the roller contact with the coating area located anywhere in the lane section. The temperature value determines mixture deformation properties and, therefore, it’s density in specified area. In this way it is possible to calculate the distribution of the achieved compression ratio over entire area of the lane section and track the distribution dynamics with roller passes number increase. The study of the coating cooling rate will provide specific recommendations to achieve the required coating flatness along the entire lane section length.

This paper considers issues of geodetic monitoring for the construction of railway bridge piles. A system for scheduled control of the designed position of railway bridge piles erected by employing large diameter shell-type piles has been developed. The paper suggests an automated monitoring system for determining the coordinates of the major axes of the shell, assessing accuracy and making decisions on correcting the positioning of the structure under construction. This system includes the following sequence of operations: determining actual coordinates of checkpoints, automated real-time adjustment using root-mean-squared error ellipsis; and determining the center of the shell and the turns of the axes. A method for determining the inclination of the shells from one station through comparing actual measured difference of vertex angles with the design values and provided a 3D model of determining the inclination of bridge piles is also presented in this paper.

The regulatory method for calculating the load capacity of floating bridges of a hinged scheme from two-support ferries does not take into account the effect of the cross beams on the joint work of the main beams. To take into account the effect of transverse beams on the joint operation of main beams, it is proposed to introduce the coefficient of longitudinal load distribution between transverse beams. To determine the coefficient, a finite element model of the floating bridge span was built. While the test of the crossing deflections of beams, fibre linear tensile strain were measured, the lower chords of main girders in the monitored cross sections and the deflections of the ice cover. Controlled sections were selected on the principle of occurrence of maximum forces in them. It is advanced and confirmed by test methods calculation to cargo-carrying capacity floating bridge joint scheme from two-supporting ferry on base of the account of the influence of the transverse beems to collaboration main beems by been entering the corrective factor in formula accounting bending moment.

The main purpose of the article is to justify the choice of methods for calculating the reflected noise that occurs in the main building from highways and railways. Methods using a diffuse model of sound reflection from noise barriers are considered. The methods are based on the use of the Kuttruff integral equation and homogeneous Markov chains. It is shown that the use of the integral equation, if necessary to ensure the required accuracy of the calculation of reflected noise leads to certain difficulties associated with the need to create, store in computer memory and process large amounts of information. More convenient in this case is the calculation of reflected noise based on the Markov chain method. In relation to the posed problem, a probabilistic model of homogeneous discrete Markov chains is considered. An algorithm for solving the problem using this model is given. The accuracy of the Markov chain method relative to the method based on the Kuttruf integral equation is estimated. It is established that the simplifications made in the Markov chain method have a small effect on the accuracy of determining reflected noise levels. The discrepancies do not exceed ±1.5 dB for the situation considered in the article. Moreover, the use of the Markov method significantly simplifies the preparation of the initial data and reduces the calculation time. For these reasons, the method is recommended to be used when calculating the reflected noise generated within the large primary areas with a free layout of multi-storey buildings.

Along with the increase in the number of mining enterprises with open way of extraction further increase in the extraction of minerals is connected with development of new deeper ways of extraction. The complexity of mining and transportation works on the deepening of pits is constantly increasing. Thereby an important problem is the required performance of mining companies while reducing costs for delivery of the mined rock from the open pit. At the same time transportation of mined rock and its production cost are rising. Combined road-rail and road-conveyor means of transportation with traditionally designed conveyors do not solve problems for economic reasons and engineering factors.

In the present study, we briefly describe the history of the emergence and development of ferroconcrete sleeper structures on railroad of Russia and foreign countries. Interstate standards of Russia, and Eurasian Economic Union and European Community states are analyzed. It is noted that the standards have many things in common, and they can be used in the commercial activity of Russian and foreign companies on observation of national ecological standards. With the aim of improving the field operation effectiveness, the Rossiiskie Zheleznye Dorogi Joint Stock Company (RZhD JSC) poses a task on bringing the service life of the continuous railway structure using ferroconcrete sleepers to 1.5 bln gross ton hauled. In this connection, there arises a necessity in evaluating the manufacturing quality and service life of railway sleepers being produced at the plants in Russia and other countries. For solving this problem, we have developed a procedure for evaluating the manufacturing quality of ferroconcrete sleepers at the Spetszhelezobeton Plant, BetElTrans JSC, taken as an example as well as the service life of such sleepers in operation at the Trans-Siberian Railway. As a result of the study, we have found that the railway sleepers manufactured by the Italian Olmi technology exhibited the highest values of their quality indicators. A statistical treatment of sleeper-faults data performed using a regression analysis has allowed us to reveal the dependence of sleeper gamma-procentile lifetime on the rolling-stock axle load, on the curve radius, and on the fraction of curves in the analyzed railroad section. Results of the study can find use both at the RZhD JSC and at foreign railroad companies.

Since ancient times, limestone has been known as an inexpensive and reliable building material. However, there are problems associated with the restoration of historical buildings made of this natural stone. In this paper, the object of study is Crimean nummulitic limestone of natural origin and nummulitic limestone treated with stone-strengthening composition Oxal NK100. The purpose of this scientific work is practical confirmation of the improvement of the physical and mechanical parameters of nummulitic limestone, such as a decrease in porosity and an increase in strength, after its treatment with Oxal NK100. A review of literature on the problem of durability and the study of the physical and mechanical properties of limestone is presented. The porosity and strength of both types of limestone were determined experimentally, and the obtained data were analyzed. It was revealed that the composition Oxal NK100 increases the strength characteristics of the stone and slightly affects its porosity. Conclusions about the effectiveness of the use of stone-strengthening composition are made.

The possibility of integrating the automatic and remote control systems for the planned small hydro power plants (SHPP) in the Republic of Khakassia is considered in this paper. The use of MATLAB SIMULINK software for dynamic modeling of hydro power plant components is considered. A simulation model of a hydro power plant has been developed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The Matlab/Simulink hydro power model is also being transformed into RT-LAB (Real-TimeLaboratory) for real-time modeling (OPAL-RT).

The article proposes a method of substantiation and opting railway superstructure with various design solutions. Based on the methodology for assessing the cost effectiveness, a method was developed for determining the coefficient of change in the cost of maintaining the superstructure, taking into account changes in stresses in its elements depending on the design decisions made. Technical solutions for the installation of a lightweight track structure were substantiated, and various solutions were proposed. For the proposed design options, the coefficients of change in the intensity of the railway track disorder and the coefficients of change in the cost of its ongoing maintenance in the average network operating conditions were determined. Based on the calculations, the option of a lightweight superstructure for laying on the Experimental Ring was chosen for further operational testing.

The article considers the possibility of using the switching shunters on the slab base. The slabs were calculated on the vertical load from the impact of rolling stock. The initial data for the calculation of reinforced concrete slabs was formed using the rules for calculating the track for strength. In the present study, as a base was taken the model based on the assumption that the slab of the ballastless track, including the switch, is an orthotropic plate supported on the damping base by the bottom surface and fixed along the edges of the contour with different boundary conditions. Trial operation showed that the joints are the weak point of the switching shunters on the slab base. Even though the stresses in the concrete of the slabs did not exceed the permissible values ​​during the operation, defects appeared in the slabs. The most typical defects of all slabs are: chips of concrete at the longitudinal and butt edges with reinforcement exposition and with growth of cracks deep into the concrete. Analysis of labor costs for the current maintenance of the switching shunters on reinforced concrete slabs shows a significant reduction in the labor intensity of straightening work. High costs for other types of works is caused by the change of metal parts on the switching shunters.

The objective of the work is to develop a rational construction of an artificially prepared base of the foundation, using modern technologies and advanced geosynthetic materials that provide the operational reliability of the structure under special conditions of the construction site. The task of the research study is to develop geotechnical structures, based on the results of numerical modeling of using the properties of modern geosynthetic materials which provides the operational reliability of the joint operation of a weak base with the foundations of a building on Sakhalin Island in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents operating in the Russian Federation.

The paper describes the methods of geodetic support of railways during the automation of technological construction processes, which can reduce the cost of work, including geodetic location survey, the creation of a reference geodetic network, operational control, as-built surveys, etc. Peculiarities and specifics of solving engineering problems on railways are considered. The principle of operation and the design of the computer-aided design system ACS-3D, which provides geodetic data for calculating the spatial position of the working bodies of construction equipment, including coordinates, spatial orientation, and geometric parameters, are given. The structure and formats of digital projects are considered as an integral part of the automation of setting the track to the design position, including the spatial position of the track axis in the project coordinate system, geometric parameters, including the track clearance and design data. The specificity of railways in the creation of digital projects is given. The experience of using ACS-3D on the basis of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) during the overhaul and reconstruction of the West Siberian Railway and the Trans-Baikal Railway is considered. The advantages of using geodetic methods for automating technological construction processes on railways are shown. The existing methods of setting the railway track in the design position are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The prospects for the use of integrated systems based on GNSS and WIN ALC are substantiated, which allow minimizing costs while solving the problems at different stages of repair.

When designing bridge crossings on highways and railways, classical beam or truss design schemes of structures made of steel or reinforced concrete are usually used, but at present, there is a significant increase in the movement speeds of individual vehicles, axle load and total train weight, and a decrease in temporary intervals between compositions. These factors lead to an increase in dynamic effects and necessitate the use of non-classical design schemes of artificial structures of the transport infrastructure. In the present study, it is proposed to use a three-span arch bridge crossing with a suspension central span structure as the basis for a unified bridge crossing; such an arrangement will allow changing the design length of the central span in a fairly wide range, reduce the total number of supports with an increase in the total length of the bridge crossing, and use such a design as a double-track railway, two- or four-lane road bridge. The calculations and the obtained results of assessing the displacements, internal forces and stresses in the nodes and elements of the proposed bridge crossing design allow us to conclude that the allowable limit magnitudes of the values found are sufficiently uniform load of all the main elements, the absence of pronounced large-scale stress concentrators.

The purpose of the work is to study the main parameters of energy dissipation in metals under periodic loads in order to detect fatigue cracks in the metal structures of railway bridges. The method of research is the method of infrared thermography. The objects of study are fatigue cracks. Dynamic tests of a beam with a fatigue crack in the loading ranges corresponding to real loading of span structures in terms of frequencies and amplitudes of oscillations were carried out. To study the influence of measurement conditions, measurements were taken at different distances from the infrared detector to the beam surface, with different recording lengths corresponding to the train passing time over the bridge, at different frequencies and oscillation amplitudes. For processing thermograms, a special technique and software are developed. As a result of the study, it was established that in all loading modes, the tip of the fatigue crack, which has an increased heat emission compared with the surrounding surface of the beam, is recognized uniquely and confidently by infrared thermography. With short recordings, the influence of environmental conditions is minimized. The developed method of processing thermograms, based on the integration of temperature increments under cyclic loading, makes it possible to completely eliminate the influence of extraneous factors.

The purpose of the study is to ensure the stability of the main area of the roadbed on the lines of the operating domain of heavy train movement. The analysis of the existing problem of insufficient bearing capacity of the soils of the main area of the subgrade was made. The existing methods for enhancing the surface of the roadbed are described, and their drawbacks are revealed. A method for enhancing the soils of the main railway track area by the method of cold regeneration (recycling) is proposed. To study the problem, a finite element method was applied in the form of displacements. A three-dimensional finite element model is presented. The characteristics of the model elements accepted for the calculation are described. Isopoles of displacements of the railway path model, shrinkage and normal stress graphs of the main area of the roadbed were obtained. The construction of a soil-concrete layer with a thickness of 20 cm made. An increase in the normal transverse axis of the stress path is noted by more than 4.5 times. This is due to the increased rigidity of the main area. The values of the normal longitudinal axis of the stress path vary in direction, but the module has not changed significantly. The effectiveness of the structure of the sub-ballast concrete layer lies in the increased mechanical and strength characteristics of clay soils. This allows increasing the carrying capacity of soils, preventing their transition to the limit state and the necessary deformations.

It is necessary to evaluate the noise regime in the industrial premises when engineering and reconstructing railway transport enterprises, and on this basis to develop arrangements to reduce noise in there. The noise at railway enterprises is inconstant in terms of time and space. To calculate its energy characteristics, the article proposed a statistical energy model and a numerical method for its implementation The accuracy of the proposed model and its implementation method is estimated by comparing the experimental and calculated data in the car-repair depot room. When comparing it was found that the calculated graphs of the decay of the reflected energy in time coincide with the experimentally obtained decays. The error in calculating of sound pressure levels does not exceed 3.0 dB, which corresponds to the accuracy of measuring noise in a production environment. The proposed computational model, in contrast to the existing methods, makes it possible to determine changes in the spatial-temporal characteristics of inconstant in terms of time noise in premises with any complex space-planning parameters. The calculation model and the numerical method of its implementation make it possible to make a reliable assessment of changes in the noise regime under the action of non-continuous noise sources and to develop measures to reduce noise in rooms of complex shapes in the presence of large objects in them. An example of using the calculation model for assessing the acoustic efficiency of the device of sound-absorbing cladding in the department of a car repair depot is given.

Cement-coated roads are widespread in the world. The leaders in the length of the network of roads with cement concrete coatings are countries such as the USA, Belgium, Germany, Italy and China. Modern technologies for the production of building materials and products based on them must meet at least five fundamental criteria: technological availability and efficiency, resource and energy conservation, environmental safety, natural balance, biocompatible and economic feasibility, ethical acceptability of the use of materials in practice. All these criteria correspond to methods for improving the operational characteristics of cement compositions by activating a mixing fluid with various material and field effects. It is shown that, compared with control non-activated samples, the strength of samples in the cement-water system increases by an average of 33%, of cement-sand samples by 20%, and at the same time of cement-concrete samples by 25%. Thus, the activation of water in the cement-water system will ensure the operational reliability of roads with cement concrete pavement.

The physical and mechanical characteristics of roadbed soil within the sections of one of the roads of Novosibirsk conglomeration in the culvert pipes locations were studied and analyzed in order to identify their impact on the pavement performance. The engineering and geological elements have been identified, for which correlation-regression analysis of the soils physical and mechanical characteristics were performed and their statistical parameters were determined. It has been established that there is pavement surfacing unevenness in 93% of cases, the root cause of which is the presence of loosen areas of the roadway. It is noticed that the soil physical and mechanical characteristics improve with a distance from the culvert pipes. The stages for assessment of soil physical and mechanical characteristics are proposed based on a sample experimental determination of the deformation modulus for typical engineering and geological elements by means of calculation of the main characteristics according to the correlation-regression equations, and designing the reconstructive measures.

Low-temperature cracks reduce the road surfaces quality, increase the cost of their repair. This problem is relevant in the regions with seasonal soil freezing. Analysis of the literature showed that, despite the large research work, the multidisciplinary problem of low-temperature cracking requires further research. In the present work, the object of study is a two-layer structure as a model of a straight section (segment) of an unpaved highway in the stage of seasonal freezing. Subject of research: the conditions for frost cracking in the upper layer of the road during seasonal freezing. Objective: to simulate the conditions for transverse cracking in the upper layer during seasonal freezing of the dirt road, taking into account the influence of temperature on the coefficient of thermal expansion. The paper presents a mathematical model of the frost cracks formation. The results of the modeling are consistent with data known in the literature. From a practical point of view, the results can be used to predict the state of logging roads at the stage of soil freezing in the off-season periods.

The paper presents the conditions for ensuring safety of execution of construction and assembly works during the construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures for various purposes based on the use of trapping nets, which in some cases are the only possible means of preventing industrial injury in case of a possible fall of a person or objects from a height. The basic component elements of trapping nets which have metal brackets and synthetic nets fixed on them are given. The paper considers the structural layout of a scratching device with fixed brackets and net overhung or fixed on frame, when brackets are installed with a given stationary inclination in the process of a falling item catching, and the net is located at a certain height from the bracket mounting axis. For falling items, the resulting dynamic loads were determined depending on the impact acceleration and the time of displacement of the object, taking into account its stationary position relative to the net itself or moving along it when the item is in places of maximum deflection of the net. Based on the results of the studies, it was found that it is preferable to install brackets at maximum possible angle with respect to building, ensuring catching of a falling item, and scratchers mounting must be made at insignificant height with respect to brackets.

The goal of the current work is to ensure the efficiency of the operation of the implement of the earthmoving machine while capturing large stone objects during work on transport facilities, motor and toting roads. The problem of creating special purpose implements for removal of mudslides with large-scale inclusions remains urgent and unresolved as of today. Methods of mathematical modeling of the interaction of the implement of the earthmoving machine with a large stone object in static and in motion were used in the research. Additionally, the priorities of geometry of object capture have been formulated. It is shown that the objects captured may lie in different angular orientations. During the capture process, when the jaws are compressed, the object can move and rotate inside the implement. For many tasks, the capture geometry needs to be considered a set of different angular orientations of the object, for which you should use the known conditions of conversion of coordinates for rotation. This complex movement is described by the equations of the transformation of parallel transfer and turn. Mechanical grabbing devices are analyzed (capture devices). An example is used to illustrate specific problems of holding a captured object by two parallel working elements when the elements are touching two flat surfaces of the object. A description of the developed design of the grab is provided. The technical result of the proposed solution is to improve the efficiency of the hydraulic excavator with a hydraulic jaw through coordinated synchronous control of moving parts of working equipment (bucket and jaw), reliable fixation of the moment of transition from one mode of operation of the equipment to another and further coordinated-synchronous operation of the equipment in each of the modes.

Strength characteristics and Young’s modulus of frozen soil are necessary for the analysis of many engineering problems. However, a number of issues in this area remain relevant. The purpose of this work: the development of a technique for indirect determination of tensile stresses and modulus of elasticity of frozen soil using three-point bending tests with evolving crack. Object of study: beams with a rectangular cross-section width of 55 mm, height 39 mm and a length of 320 mm made of artificially frozen sandy loam. The subject of research is the regularities of behavior under load of the beam with an evolving crack, and the corresponding tensile stress at the three-point bending. Methods: in this study, the methods of mathematical processing of the results of the testing, received at the SHIMADZU AGS-X test machine at three-point bending of a beam with evolving crack. The moisture content in the material for each sample was measured using SHIMADZU MOS-120H moisture analyzer. Results: it is found that the load extremum does not correspond to the extremum of the tensile stress in the cross section of the beam with crack. The tensile stress extremum is offset and corresponds to the downward branch of the curve “load – deflection”. This means that the destruction of the material under the action of tensile stresses occurs not at maximum load but at the maximum value of tensile stresses at the downward branch of the curve “load – deflection”. The practical significance of this result lies in the possibility of its use both in the design of new structures and in the inspection of structures in disrepair.

The processes of development of finishing coatings on the basis of cement colloidal systems are determined. It is shown that the introduction of modifying additives in combination with mechanical activation allows using the optimal technological parameters of processing to give colloidal cement composites the necessary properties and increase the resistance of protective decorative coatings. The joint activation of the components of colloidal cement adhesive with a modifying additive leads to an increase in the strength of the samples at all times of hardening. Studies have shown that modifying additives and fillers have a positive effect on the thixotropic properties of the system and contributes to the formation of the hydrate with colloidal particles, which leads to hardening of the reinforcement system of a composite. It is found that the addition of metakaolin enhanced the activity of fine cement systems. The use of modifying additives in the production of colloidal cement systems and solutions based on them for decorative coatings can significantly improve a number of indicators of the quality of solutions both at the stage of preparation and use in the implementation of the application processes, and at the stage of operation. Using the functional steps of modifying additives helps to control the quality of the solutions of decorative coatings (water demand, peel ability, water-holding capacity, survivability, etc.) and cement (porosity, average density, strength, deformability, etc.). The presented studies are related to the processes of modification of colloidal cement systems in order to obtain decorative coatings with increased technical and operational characteristics.

The results of experimental studies of fine-grained concrete are presented, the formation of the structure and properties of which occurs with the participation of mineral and plasticizing additives. Metakaolin obtained by heat treatment of kaolin at a temperature of 750 °C was used as a mineral reactive aluminosilicate additive, and the water reducing component of concrete was a superplasticizer based on polycarboxylates. It is shown that one of the main factors for improving the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete is the optimization of the particle size distribution of the fine aggregate and the finely dispersed part of concrete. It has been established that metakaolin plays the role of a multifunctional component in the composition of concrete: a microfiller, a reactive additive with a high pozzolanic effect. The features of hydration processes are shown, and the type of structure-forming phases formed with the participation of metakaolin is established. It is shown that using polycarboxylate and aluminosilicate materials, it is possible to increase the strength and durability of concrete.

The stress-strain state of bending and eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete structures at low and freeze-thaw temperatures is considered. The effect of alternating freezing and thawing and low negative temperatures during single and multiple freezing on their bearing capacity and durability is assessed. The study was carried out according to specially developed computer programs using a nonlinear stress-strain model. The influence of the reinforcement ratio on the change in the bearing capacity of bending and compressed elements of reinforced concrete structures under the impact of freezing and thawing cycles and low negative temperatures is considered.

Earthworks are an integral part of almost any construction. Every year, the improved machines and mechanisms implement some kind of work. But in addition to modernization, an important factor is the composition of the selection of machines and mechanisms. This paper provides information on choosing the model of the most efficient set of machines from the point of view of cost and duration of work on the example of excavations. The dependence of the cost of excavator kits and transport vehicles on many factors is described.

The purpose of the study is to identify the background for the establishment of the passenger service infrastructure in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The author considers the specifics of railway terminals and stations of a new type that appeared during that time. The period from the second half of the 19th century till the early 20th century was the time of scientific and technical development in various industries, expansion of commercial manufacturing, and development of transportation lines. A new transportation industry—the railroad—was intended to connect vast territories of the Russian state. The significance of railroad transport in the country’s economy required radical changes in the Directorate of Transportation. The Ministry of Transportation established in the 1860s made it possible to create a clear structure for management of the public road system that implied its rational division into administrative and technical components. The factual basis of the study included legislative instruments and regulations issued with regard to railway track facilities, as well as regulatory documents concerning design of railway terminals and stations.

The article discusses the effect of temperature on the quality of compaction of the asphalt concrete mixture, searches for possible ways to solve the problem of non-compliance with the temperature regime of the mixture during its transportation, contains, inter alia, an analysis of these solutions. In many respects, the quality of future coverage is laid down by the manufacturability of the styling process, strict compliance with the requirements of project documentation and the existing building codes and regulations (GOST, ISO, etc.). However, the technology itself of the process of making asphalt concrete pavements is constantly evolving - new complexes are emerging, changes are being introduced to existing structures of machines for building coatings. Various factors can affect the durability of the coating; among them, the low quality of compaction of the asphalt concrete mixture can be especially noted. In this article, we will experimentally determine the effect of temperature on the quality of compaction, as well as analyze possible solutions to the problem of compliance with the temperature regime of the asphalt-concrete mixture. Addition, reduction and combination of operations of the technological process, including, against the background of improving the quality and, as a result, the durability of the coating, reduce the complexity of the work performed, reduce the number of necessary personnel - all this has a positive effect on the economic component of construction, frees up additional funds.

The standard (cellulose), external, slow heating and hydrocarbon modes are regulated in the majority of world standardization systems in the field of fire tests of structures. Hydrocarbon temperature mode is used to describe the combustion of flammable liquids and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at the enterprises of the oil refining and petrochemical industries. In this work, fire resistance degrees are calculated under standard and hydrocarbon fire modes for a model of prefabricated bearing structures of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant with simulated fire protection as mineral basalt wool. The calculations were performed in ANSYS software for critical temperatures of 300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C. There are temperature-time diagrams for the standard and hydrocarbon fire mode. It is shown, that 20 mm of mineral wool are required to ensure R 120 for structure with a reduced thickness of 36.8 mm (pipe diameter 500 mm and thickness - 40 mm) and a critical temperature of 700 °C (for 500 °C - 40 mm of mineral wool respectively) for hydrocarbon fire.

A methodology has been suggested for assessing the economic efficiency of making decisions on the selection of a technology for constructing plane reinforced concrete frames manufactured without pre-stressing reinforcement. The approach is based on execution of the optimum synthesis of a structure for each of the process options in question. The optimisation is carried out using a metaheuristic scheme of evolutionary modelling. A task has been set to minimise the planned manufacturing cost of a reinforced-concrete frame while taking into consideration the peculiarities of the processes for cast-in-situ, prefabricated, and composite structures. The regulatory limitations in terms of strength, stiffness, and crack resistance of the framework are taken into consideration. Concrete and reinforcing steel classes, cross-section values of columns and cross bars, as well as the amount and diameters of reinforcement bars vary on discrete sets. The search is performed using a genetic algorithm stipulating functioning of the main and elite populations. In the main population, individuals are subjected to single-point crossover, mixed mutation execution procedures, and selection based on the criterion of minimum cost. The elite population is used for storage of efficient genetic material and replacement of inoperative individuals of the main population. When calculating the stress strain behaviour of the structure variants, the factors taken into consideration are the physically non-linear behaviour of concrete and reinforcement, and the possibility of formation of transverse cracks in concrete. The operability of the suggested methodology is illustrated via the example of selecting a method of constructing a double-span reinforced concrete frame.

The article presents a new method for assessing the deformations of historical objects of transport infrastructure, which is based on the construction of a model in the form of a polygonal mesh of 3D triangles between deformation marks, in which the main types of deformation by distances and their changes between deformation marks are determined. The article presents new formulas for calculating the main types of deformation, such as deflection and differential settlement through distances and their variations. The comparison graphs of the derived formulas and the classical deformation definition formulas are constructed. Comparison of the limiting values of deformations described in Russian and German standards was performed. We determine a critical change in the distance at which deformation reaches the limit value established by regulatory documents. The developed methodology can be used to control the preservation of historical objects of transport infrastructure.

The object of research is the rock development in the railways reconstruction in a limited space. The difficulty is that the work must be carried out in close proximity to existing railways. Therefore, at the time of work, train traffic is impossible on the considered area. In addition, blasting operations pose a certain danger to surrounding infrastructure safety, namely: for existing paths; signaling, centralization and blocking devices; contact network, etc. The technology of rocks explosive loosening is proposed, combining the use of horizontal blast holes and special covering made of damping elements, reducing rock mass spread. The use of proposed railway tracks reconstruction technology completely eliminates the time spent on blasted rock displacement from the existing railway track to the dump. Due to horizontal borehole charges use, the blast wave seismic effect on the surrounding objects is minimized. The use of mechanization means such as railway crane and horizontal drilling machine provides productivity increase in comparison with existing technologies.

The article discusses the possibilities of solving the engineering problems in the study of technological processes using the method of analytical optimization. The essence of this method is the presentation of the technological process as a cybernetic system; statistical evaluation of each element of the system with obtaining the mathematical functions; analytical study of these functions and obtaining optimization dependencies. The next step is to develop a process algorithm and compile computer programs. As an engineering interpretation, it is possible to construct optimized nomograms that allow solving both direct and inverse problems; that is, predicting the result or the choice of technological factors. The research methods described in this article are implemented in the study of the technology of cellular concrete, foam-fiber concrete, cement polymer concrete and mineral wool products. As an example, the article considers the optimization of foam concrete technology. The implementation of the developed methodology made it possible to determine the optimal value of the determining parameters, including the flow rate and length of basalt fiber, and to form a methodology for studying the properties of products.

The present research is aimed at studying the current state of intellectual property management and the level of innovational development of Russia. The objective of the study is to substantiate theoretical and methodological provisions of current condition of innovational development level of the government and its control, which are closely connected to modernization of economic system of Russia. It will enable working out theoretical provisions and research and practical recommendations on intellectual property management intended to improve the rate of innovative activities of economic entities. When the set objective was under realization, the following tasks reflecting the logic of the present research were fulfilled: regulatory legal basis of intellectual property management was investigated; aspects influencing the level of innovational development of economy of Russia were studied; problems of intellectual property control and future innovational development of Russian economy were determined; recommendations on improving the system of intellectual property management in modern economy were substantiated. The research substantiated that the current development stage of intellectual property management demands the using the model of complete innovational modernization of economic sectors for raising the level of innovational development of Russia.

The paper proposes a method for determining the temperature of small and large dimensional areas of enclosing structures. The purpose of the article is to determine the thickness of the temperature boundary layer at non-stationary modes of heat transfer for areas of random dimension. These areas are filled with scalar heat-conducting medium. It is necessary to solve the tasks related to the calculation of heat transfer in walls for one-dimensional and multidimensional models. It is proved that the thermal resistance of a one-dimensional wall is not less than the thermal resistance of a multidimensional wall in both steady-state and unsteady temperature regimes. It is explained that the temperature fluctuations do not pass inside the body of the wall and are localized on the wall surface. The maximum increase in the temperature flow in the steady-state regime for a multidimensional wall is approximately 41% compared to a one-dimensional wall. The effect of inclusions (thermal bridges) is related to the disseminate of heat flow along a multidimensional wall. This is the meaning of geometric inclusion, that is, increasing the dimension of the area filled with a scalar medium. Geometric inclusions must be taken into account when calculating walls other than one-dimensional walls.

The research and comparison of traditional and composite method of reinforced concrete slab reinforcement is carried out in the article. The administrative office building was considered. By means of the software forces in an overlapping plate were defined. Taking into account the complexity of the pre-tension of composite elements, the calculation was made taking into account the initial stress-strain state in the cross section. All calculations of the stress-strain state of the section are performed using a nonlinear deformation model. Graphic images of the results calculation are shown. Show the diagrams of strains and stresses in the cross selection of the element under the action of the initial and calculated moment, as well as the characteristic parameters of the stress-strain state. MBRACE LAMINATE lamellas produced by BASF were used as reinforcement materials. The influence of the reinforcement method using a composite material on the load-bearing capacity of the slab is assessed. The estimation of economic efficiency of the use of two methods of reinforcement is made.

The present research is aimed at studying the current state and prospects of self-regulation development in the construction industry of Russia. The objective of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the condition and prospects of self-regulation as the institution of public management system, defining the problems of self-regulation of the construction industry and working out the ways to solve them. While the set aims were under realization, the following problems reflecting the logic of the present research were solved: the mechanism of statutory regulation of activities of self-regulatory companies regarding construction industry (construction itself, constructional design and engineering surveying) was studied; condition of and positive tendencies in self-regulation of the construction industry were investigated; problems in activities of self-regulatory organizations regarding construction industry (construction itself, constructional design or engineering surveying) were revealed, development prospects for the considered alternative to state control were defined. The study substantiated that at current development stage of construction industry self-regulation, the most efficient mechanism of the referred institution is ensuring compensation for damage caused to victims, who has suffered from lack of works and services, while performing construction, reconstruction or capital repair operations, engineering surveys or design works, at the expense of not insurance payouts according to civil law contracts, but compensation funds of self-regulatory organizations. The study enabled assessing the construction industry self-regulation institute as the effective institute ensuring the protection of interests of the state and consumers of works and services regarding the construction area.

The paper considers the basic principles of the linear theory of inherent creep and the possibility of its application to the calculation of shell structures made of concrete. A mathematical model of the deformation of the structure under consideration is shown in the form of a functional of the total strain potential energy. An algorithm based on the Ritz method is applied. The stability calculations of shallow shells of double curvature and square in plan are made, taking into account the creep of the material. The critical time values are found for different values of the applied load.

Greening roofs of existing buildings in urban areas with high build-up density is a reasonable way to mitigate the human impact on the biosphere in the absence of free space for landscaping. According to the results of statistical analysis for the Moscow city from 1999 till 2011 16 thousand hectares roof greening can reduce the number of patients with malignant neoplasms by 3.5%, that means green roofs have a potential to improve the urban population health, to increase the life expectancy and working capacity of the population. The absence of standards, regulates green roofs setting up in a particular place, leads to the impossibility of their distribution in megacities. Confirmation of the necessity and feasibility of green roofs installing can lead to the creating of regulatory documents obliging designers to use green roofs on new and reconstructed buildings.

The article is devoted to determining the possibility of adding high-pressure polyethylene to the asphalt concrete, its optimal quantity in the mixture and the effect on the coating properties. When using a thermoplastic polyethylene in the mixture of the asphalt concrete compositions fillers the environmental impact is minimized and their physical and mechanical properties are improved while reducing the share of natural sources. The solution of these two determined tasks meaning providing the best quality properties of asphalt concrete using mass polymer solid household waste was the purpose of this work. The composition of hot dense fine-grained asphalt concrete type B grade II according to the national Russian Standard 9128-2009, manufactured in the research laboratory “Far East” was adopted as the source composition. The optimum concentration of polyethylene additive in asphalt concrete composition equal to 1% by weight of mineral materials was determined. The research results of physical and mechanical properties of standard and modified asphalt concrete were described, tests for rutting resistance when rolling the loaded wheel on the coating were carried out. Conclusions and decisions, indicating the improvement of asphalt concrete endurance with the addition of 1% polyethylene by weight of mineral fillers are made.

The article describes the development of a method for identifying the parameters of the positioning systems components in conditions of insufficient primary measurement information using the proportional electromagnets as example. A review and analysis of the existing classification methods applicable to the dynamic characteristics of magnetization is carried out. The requirements are put forward for choosing a classification method as applied to proportional electromagnets. Based on the requirements, the most suitable method has been selected. Also considered is the stage of identifying the parameters of the constituent elements of proportional electromagnets by various methods of constructing regression models, among which the model most suitable for solving the problem is selected. For the subsequent data processing, a work algorithm was compiled combining soft independent modeling of class analogy method with the regression on latent structures method. Based on this algorithm, an experiment was conducted to identify the parameters of the constituent elements of proportional electromagnet in conditions of insufficient primary measurement information. A matrix of the obtained responses of the parameters of the constituent elements of positioning systems has been compiled and the method error of 5% has been calculated. This error is permissible for magnetic measurements. With such an error, one or another positioning system can be accurately identified.

This publication describes the algorithmic and software optimization approach for identifying and diagnosing high-precision positioning systems. When constructing such systems, with the aim of the most effective control during operation and production, they use a method based on solving inverse problems. This is an iterative method that requires the use of an optimization algorithm, the use of the method of simplex optimization or simplex planning is proposed, which allows faster and more efficient reduction of the inverse problem to convergence. This approach is often used in solving iterative problems with a small number of factors (less than 6). The authors described the functioning algorithm of the simplex optimization method, examined the problems associated with the impossibility of changing the dimensions of the simplex, and found ways to solve them. Experimental studies based on the simplex optimization method for a deformable polyhedron, reflecting the effectiveness of this approach. The experimental results presented in the table and on the graph show a high convergence rate of the inverse problem (which was obtained for 13 iterations).

The injection mixtures based on finely dispersed mineral binders (microcements) are widely used to obtain soil concrete by injection into permeable soils when solving various geotechnical problems. However, the question of assigning the consumption of materials to implement the requirements of a construction project remains poorly studied. Nowadays, the regulatory framework for these binders is practically not presented in the Russian Federation. There is no scientific basis for the formation of soil concrete, including there are no adequate dependencies like the Bolomey-Skramtaev formula for concrete. The series of experiments showing the inapplicability of the basic laws for standard concrete when creating soil concrete obtained by injection methods. Various types of finely dispersed binders used in geotechnical construction are considered. There were assessed penetration at different modes of preparation and injection of the mixture into the soil, and the characteristics of the resulting concrete. Two technologies for creating soil concrete - by mechanical mixing and by the method of injection impregnation of control samples of sandy soil were compared for compliance with the principles of regulatory documents for concrete. Significant differences between the properties of soil concrete obtained by the methods of injection impregnation and mixing are confirmed. Studies have confirmed the possibility of injection impregnation with binders of a certain composition in order to strengthen sandy soils in accordance with the assigned technological parameters. The coefficients of the efficiency of the use of micro binders during injection are shown, data on the parameters of the formed soil concrete.

The paper presents the study of adhesive ability of metallic coating applied to the polymer substrate used in the multifunctional coatings of the intelligent architectural films. The studies of the polymer surface treated in argon and oxygen plasma showed that intermetallic layer is formed at the interface, which enhance metal film adhesion to the polymer surface. Technological modes of ion-plasma treatment of a polyimide film have been developed that increase the adhesive ability of the polymer surface, which will improve the performance characteristics of polymer materials and intelligent devices used in integrated systems for providing a comfortable environment.

In modern technology of concrete, the fine-grained concretes are widely used. These concretes are highly manufacturable, allow getting a variety of structures and, accordingly, the properties of the material, significantly reduce the cost of concrete through the use of inexpensive local sand and secondary industrial waste. By changing the composition and structure of such concrete, it is possible to obtain fine-grained concrete for various functional purposes on the basis of the same raw materials (only with different complexes of additives). The goal: to study the effect of various additives, including the complex ones, on the physical and mechanical properties of modified fine-grained concrete. Results: the paper proved that the use of air-entraining and complex chemical additives does not increase the air entrainment, but converts the air phase into a system of smaller ordered pores, which leads to an increase in the strength of the material and its durability. The organization of the air phase in the form of a system of thin air pores makes it possible to increase the strength of the material and to improve its other properties: frost resistance, water resistance and others. Conclusions: it is shown that the use of multicomponent composite fine-grained concrete with a regulated air phase will make it possible to obtain materials with a different set of properties.

The image of the whole building is primarily its shape, external casing and materials used. The investor has to make a decision already at the moment of preparing the design concept, in which technology and materials the office building or service and commercial object is to be made. Heavy concrete construction has disappeared over the years. Investors decide to use lightweight materials, such as aluminium and glass, to give buildings a light form and to avoid disturbing the architecture of the surrounding urban planning. The multitude of aluminium and glass facade systems offered by the manufacturers makes the investor face a difficult choice of such a system that will meet his or her expectations. The aim of the paper is to describe and evaluate the aluminium and glass facade systems offered by the manufacturers. The analysis was performed for three variants: mullion and transom system, semi-structural system and structural system. A model supporting the decision to choose an appropriate variant based on the identified criteria and multi-criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process method (AHP) was proposed.

The research presents the results of the composition development of the raw material mixture for producing construction polymer composite material on the basis of anthropogenic waste of production and consumption. Crushed solid ceramic material is used as a filler, polystyrene waste, previously dissolved in methylene chloride, is used as a binder for producing the developed material. This raw material mixture allows using cold mixing and cold forming, which in turn reduces production energy consumption and eliminates the possibility of polymer binder destruction during processing. To reduce solvent consumption, sealed equipment is used and methylene chloride vapor is removed during heat treatment after product molding at the solvent boiling point for the subsequent condensation and reuse in the production process. The research presents the dependence of the developed material compressive strength and water absorption on the raw mixture composition and pressing pressure. Basing on the identified dependences, polymer composite material was produced, which is characterized by low water absorption, high frost resistance and meets the regulatory requirements for construction materials and products regarding compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The raw mixture developed composition makes it possible to dispose of two types of large-capacity waste and reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment comprehensively, and the produced material on its basis can be used for outdoor cladding of walls in construction.

The research presents the charge composition development on the basis of low-plasticity clay from the Vladimir region deposits for the production of ceramics for construction purposes. This low-plasticity clay is in low demand for ceramic production due to its poor durability, frost resistance and crack resistance resulted in products quality. To improve ceramics quality, it has been proposed to introduce trepel from the Vladimir region, boric acid and cullet into the charge. Trepel allows obtaining material fine-porous structure, which reduces thermal ceramics conductivity alongside maintaining its sufficient strength and frost resistance. The joined usage of cullet and boric acid provides liquid-phase sintering to form a vitreous phase, which serves as a binder of ceramic particles, fills large pores and voids in the material depth and provides self-glazing effect on the products surface. Simultaneously the fine-porous structure remains, since vitreous phase viscosity does not allow penetrating into small pores. As a result, the material strength increases, water absorption decreases and frost resistance increases, but self-glazing effect also allows creating a self-cleaning surface in the snow and rain, which is important for facade products. The application of the charge developed composition allows expanding the raw materials specification for the construction ceramics due to the low-plasticity clay and cullet usage for manufacturing high quality facing products that meet regulatory requirements for the outdoor facades cladding.

The purpose of this article is to study the effect of the compressing force eccentricity on the strength of compressed concrete filled steel tube elements of circular section, produced from high-strength concrete. The behavior of short laboratory samples with 159 mm cross-section diameter was investigated under axial and eccentrical compression in low and high eccentricity areas. Self-stressing concrete was used to produce half of the examined samples. The conducted research results indicate high utilization efficiency of the steel shell for high-strength concrete core of concrete filled steel tube elements behaving not only under centric compression but also under eccentrical compression with low eccentricities. The application of self-stressing concrete for such samples allows increasing the confining effect by approximately another 5%. To a greater extent, the presence of self-stressing concrete has increased the elastic strength limit of structures.

The simplified method for solving the problem of oscillations of the bearing and enclosing constructions of buildings and structures under the action of vibrations propagating in ground bases during the movement of railway transport is theoretically justified. The proposed method is based on the division of the structural scheme into separate rod constructions, the calculation of which is carried out sequentially on the dynamic deviations of their supports. Vibration process excited in the grounds during the movement of transport leads to dynamic vibrations of the constructions of buildings located near transport communications, which leads to additional dynamic loading in these structures. Decrease in operational characteristics of structures is expressed in cracking and local destruction. A computational model for estimating these effects is proposed as follows: source of dynamic load (moving railway transport), load transfer medium (soil), building structure (impact receiver). When forming the design schemes, the simplifying assumption about the discretization of the design scheme based on the d’Alembert’s principle is taken into account. The solution of the equations of motion is represented in the form of expansion in its own forms of vibrations. Some simplifications of the computational model have been substantiated, which allows obtaining numerical results for practical use. The presented calculation of building constructions for dynamic displacements of supports caused by dynamic impacts from traffic is a theoretical basis for taking into account such effects in the design and construction.

The substantiation of the need to assess and predict changes in the medium-forming properties of individual components of the environment, as well as lands, landscapes and territories as regular combinations of a complex of natural and natural-anthropogenic geographical components, carried out in the analysis and planning of the use of natural resources, is given. In the process of developing the territory of the region, its medium-forming potential decreases significantly with the intensive development of the lands of settlements and agricultural purposes. Keywords: land management, land of settlements, agricultural land, land monitoring, medium-forming potential, territory, land.

The paper discusses the main problems and areas of improvement of the transport and logistics infrastructure of the city of Moscow, in order to increase the economic security of the region and increase its socio-economic development. The aim of the study was to assess the level of development of the transport and logistics system of the city of Moscow, as an element of the economic security of the region to identify ways to form new transport routes that ensure comfortable movement of citizens in the directions they need. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to conduct a sociological research with the use of various tools to identify problem areas in the urban transport and logistics infrastructure. In the framework of the study, the following research methods were used: expert estimates, analytical methods, a comparison method, statistical and quantitative methods, as well as questionnaire methods. As a result of the study, project ways to solve the identified problems of the development of the transport and logistics infrastructure in the region proposed, aimed at improving the efficiency, effectiveness and economic security of the transport and logistics system in Moscow. The possibility of implementing transport and logistics projects on the territory of Moscow will reduce the negative impact of various environmental factors related to the problems of the transport and logistics system. Keyword. transport and logistics infrastructure, economic security of the region, transportation, social survey, competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises, monitoring of public portals, urban routes, business environment.

The quality of road construction and ensuring road safety is one of the most important tasks today. One of the tools for solving this problem is risk-oriented approach. For the first time, the authors presented a comparative analysis of using the markings for ground and raised pedestrian crossings, taking into account the permissible risk of a breakdown of the car’s chassis and the value of the permissible risk of deterioration in the conditions of the driver and passengers when the car is moving along the indicated crossings with permissible speeds. From the results obtained above it follows that the use of the ground pedestrian crossing with an average marking line height of 6.0 mm, a weighted average marking line length from 4.0 m to 6.0 m, and a car speed at the crossing of 60 km/h (as regulated by road traffic code in the city limit) is considered permissible. The risk of breakdown of the car’s chassis at the speeds indicated in Russian State Standard GOST R 52605-2006 may remain acceptable (1 × 10−3) if the weighted average length of the raised pedestrian crossing also increases. Such pedestrian crossings are acceptable, for example, in large metropolitan areas.

The article investigates the problem of personnel reproduction in the transport industry. The aim is to determine the special aspects of staffing in transport in terms of changing educational paradigms. The methodology of the present study is based on the competence approach (V. I. Baydenko, I.A. Zimnjaja), facilitation approach (K. Rogers), K. Marx’s theory of labor value, the theory of labor behavior (F. Taylor, F. Hertzberg) and the doctrine of human needs (E. Mayo, A. Maslow.) Classical methods contributed to the achievement of this aim: analysis and synthesis. The analysis was applied to: statistics on institutions of higher education, literature on Pedagogy, Psychology, Labor Economics and literature on various modes of transport. The experience of transport systems in Russia, Germany and France was analyzed. The author stated the reasons for the specificity of education in transport universities and identified educational institutions that are a source of personnel for the transport industry. In order to identify the need for specialists in the Federal districts, the University was determined to belong to a certain subject of the Russian Federation, and the provision of each with transport infrastructure was studied. The Web portal hh.ru with data for workplaces was surveyed; jobs relating to the category of “Transport” were identified, as well as the number of CVs per one vacancy in the same group. In conclusion, the author identified the features of personnel reproduction in the transport industry.

The emphasis is placed on the uncertainty of demand in the planning of the volume of transportation of goods in intercity traffic for motor transport enterprises, requiring managers to make scientifically sound management decisions aimed at fulfilling the terms of the contracts. The aim of the study is to develop a scientific and methodological approach to planning the volume of cargo transportation in intercity traffic by rolling stock of a motor transport enterprise. In the proposed approach, a synthesis of scientific methods of the fuzzy set theory and the classical theory of probability is implemented, which allows planning the volume of transportation of goods in intercity traffic for a motor transport enterprise, taking into account the fuzzy volume of transportation under contracts, rolling stock sizes and quarters. For practical implementation, a method has been developed that is implemented using the created mathematical model for planning the volume of cargo transportation in intercity traffic. Using the developed method, the volumes of transportation of food products from Omsk in the Western and Eastern directions were planned. Using the theory of fuzzy sets for planning, it will be possible to estimate the volume of cargo transportation according to a certain technological scheme in accordance with the performance of rolling stock by standard sizes, which should be taken into account when managing the resources and capacity of motor transport enterprises for the current period.

Nowadays in the field of railway lines designing and construction it is forbidden by normative base to combine transition curves in plane and vertical curves in profile. The purpose of the research is to prove groundlessness and inadmissibility of this prohibition by means of the analysis in the program complex “Universal Mechanism”. Consider more rational design a railways in using biclotoide curves, combine transition curves in plane and vertical curves in profile. It is necessary to consider abolition of the requirement about presence “clean” circular curve between transition curves by biclotoide curves. This analysis confirms the admissibility of such a combination. Accordingly, the combination of transition curves in plane and vertical curves in profile leads to reducing of interaction forces in the “wheel-rail” system, increasing of the motion smoothness, improving of the track stability.

Rationalization of transportation objects is one of the main challenges in the sphere of operations control. The analysis of the currently used optimization techniques showed that they don’t always provide economically efficient decisions, e.g., the simulation descent can’t guarantee a converge to a global optimum. In order to increase the precision of solutions aimed at improving the design and technological processes of transportation systems a comprehensive study of optimization via simulation literature was carried out. The survey showed that hybrid optimization techniques provide good results and prove to be less time and labor consuming compared to other optimization via simulation methods. As a result, the paper shows an application of hybrid optimization technique in simulation framework on example of chemical and metallurgical enterprise.

The paper proposes an original methodological approach to evaluation of business success and application of this approach for case of small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia. The sequence of calculation of the integrated business success rating is defined and based on the understanding of the company success as its “viability”, expressed by the simultaneous ability to grow, to make profit, to be more successful that its business environment. The proposed method is based on accounting data, available in information databases and allows evaluating business success rating for any company in any sample, including statement of the success level of enterprise. The results of applying the proposed method have as independent practical importance in the evaluation of the enterprise’s success, and can be used in further study of the success factors of enterprises, especially for small and medium businesses, and to identify best practices for ensuring the priority development of national economies.

The scientific article is devoted to the development of corporate ethics in the largest domestic and foreign companies. Compliance with the norms of corporate ethics contributes to the moral cohesion of the workforce, awareness of responsibility for the results of work, willingness to sacrifice personal interests for the sake of the common cause and, as a result, the stable development of the company, which is proved by the comparative analysis conducted by the authors. It is note that the analysis of corporate ethics in the context of labor relations is a new direction in economic science. The object of the study was the Russian JSC “Russian Railways”. The basic ethical principles that guide the company “RZD” are list. The interrelation between the values of the brand “Russian Railways” and the competencies of their employees. The system of motivation in the DHL Company is present. The internal communications of the Moscow representative office of DHL and the system of internal communications of Russian Railways are investigate. The comparative analysis is carry out and features of system of internal and external communications in the DHL and JSC Russian Railways are reveal. It is conclude that in any national corporate ethics objective and subjective factors are closely intertwine, universal features are combine with the national characteristics of the system of labor relations and the specifics of the regional mentality, the industry of the company.

Rails grinding process in the conditions of the railway track - this is one of the most promising technologies that allows extending the rails service life due to the timely elimination of defects on the rolling surface. The main problem constraining the correct application of modern technology is the appointment of a rational frequency of rail processing, which does not allow defects to develop to a critical level. At the same time, very frequent grinding results in additional operating costs and a decrease in the service life of the rails due to artificial wear-out. Thus, a contradiction arises, on the solution of which the researches presented in this article are directed. As a criterion for the efficiency of the production process of grinding of rails, the indicator is adopted - the life cycle cost of rails (Life Cycle Costs, LCC). To calculate the LCC, the costs that have the greatest impact on the life cycle cost of the rails were determined. A method for calculating the LCC has been developed and an approach has been proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of the assigned processing frequency using the values of this indicator. The proposed solutions are based on the managing normative-technical documentation. Based on the developed methodology, the LCC was estimated in two ways: with recommended periodicity values and with adjusted periodicity, obtained based on the results of statistical studies. The calculations showed that the main influence on the annual operating costs have a rails defectiveness and the frequency of their grinding. The value of these costs will be different for different parts of the track, differing by design and operational characteristics. Accordingly, the recommendations for periodicity will be different. Thus, reducing the cost of operating the railway track requires a targeted approach, and the results will serve as a basis for making decisions when planning technological impacts on the grinding of rails.

The proposed paper is relevant because of the significant increase in the role of intellectual assets in ensuring the competitiveness of companies, especially companies with complex technological processes and extreme technologies. The object under the study, JSC Russian Railways (JSC “RZD”), belongs to such companies. The highest level of capital intensity of the company causes the need to balance it with the level of intelligence capacity, which will ensure its smooth economic growth. It should be noted that the assessment of the intellectual capital of organizations is a significant problem, and a serious problem is the consideration of assets in a quantitative assessment of the organizations’ efficiency. The aim of the study is a quantitative assessment of the nature of intellectual assets of JSC “RZD” and their impact on economic growth. The research methodology includes classical methods of scientific cognition (observation, analysis, synthesis, formalization, logic) and special methods, such as: the formation of a system of indicators for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the main parameters of the activity of the object under consideration, analysis of time series, and correlation and regression analysis of factor systems. Analysis of the impact of the company’s intellectual assets on its economic growth showed a very close direct connection between its intelligence capacity and economic growth, as well as the positive dynamics of the effectiveness of the use of intellectual assets.

Experimental studies of the impact of hardware failures on the operational performance of the railway are given and, in particular, the impact of hardware failures on the organizational and technological reliability of production processes has been studied. When processing statistical information, regression equations were obtained for the 1st and 2nd categories of failures and the human factor that allows predicting changes in technical and economic indicators that affect the main results of the road, as well as planning measures to improve the reliability of technical means and reduce technological violations at West Siberian Railway.

The purpose of research is to determine the areas and justify why the use of the lean concept in these areas can provide improved performance of road transport at industrial enterprises. The research methods included: observation, collection, and analysis of statistical data, expert survey, modeling a transportation system, developing indicators for evaluating the efficiency of transportation losses elimination. An analytical review showed that in lean transportation, the first steps in scientific research aimed at adapting the principles of lean production to road transport operation are being taken. The research revealed the existence of at least sixteen types of transportation losses. This fact differs significantly from the results of the losses research in the industry. An expert survey to analyze the losses is used. The Delphi method is used to identify the causal chains of factors leading to the loss generation. To evaluate the mutual impact of causes, a quantitative assessment is performed. This leads to a significant acceleration in the work aimed at improving the operations of road transport that provides services to industrial enterprises. The “black box” model of the transportation system allowed identifying the resources of the transportation process participants as inputs. There are two other groups of input factors: cargo characteristics and external environment impact. The output characteristics of the model include transportation volume and its quality indicators. A differentiation of the spent resources into useful costs, which are used for cargo transportation, and losses, which are proposed to estimate using cost indicators, was provided.

This paper considers the use of equations of mathematical physics, in particular, Maxwell equations, to analyze the investment processes and their dynamics when designing railroad sections. Electromagnetic field theory has been analyzed to determine the properties of Maxwell equations in the context of expanding their functional application in various fields of science and technology. The performed analysis demonstrated the existence of interrelations between the properties of electromagnetic fields and wave processes in railroad transport. The suggested novel approach to analysis of economic and temporal properties of the newly built railroad transport infrastructure units has several prospective fields of application.

The purpose of the article is to study the effect of public funding on the transport industry development. The research subject concerns the influence of the funding amount on the implementation of the Federal Targeted Program (FTP) for the Development of the Transport System in Russia. The object of the research includes the target and actual values of the funding under this FTP. Both general scientific and special methods of inquiry were used. The SC technique was applied to estimate the risk of the state regulation for the funding of FTP for the Development of the Transport System in Russia. This research is associated with the decrease in public funding. The following three main funding sources were identified: the federal budget, the budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and extra-budgetary sources. Also, the following three items of expenditures were highlighted: Capital Investments, R&D, Other. Based on this, it has been concluded that in 2016, the highest risk of funding of FTP was associated with extra-budgetary sources. It has been concluded that the implementation of the Modernization of the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian Railway Infrastructure project is primarily associated with the risks of state regulation.

Human resources play an important role both in the development of a separate enterprise and in the development of the whole country, therefore the issues related to the definition of the concept of “human capital” and methods of its assessment are relevant today. The article discusses the currently best-known methods and approaches to assessing the human capital of service enterprises. The analysis carried out in the study made it possible to clarify the economic content of the concept of human capital and to identify its key features that allow it to be characterized and to use specific methods of evaluation. The author suggests an approach to assessing the human capital of service enterprises as part of intellectual capital based on a multi-level value structure. It is offered to estimate the cost of personnel as the sum of two components - the current component, which is the income that is formed by the personnel of the enterprise as a result of the current implementation of the statutory activities of the enterprise, as well as the future component - investment, which provides the stream of the company’s income in the future. The model of human capital assessment will allow achieving not only its quantitative growth, but also the qualitative development of enterprises. The method of calculation, as well as evaluation results of the enterprise human capital are given. The results are compared with the results evaluated by the well-known VAIC method.

A block diagram of an automated system of material moisture content control is presented. The system provides automatic measurement of the amplitudes of the incident and reflected waves, automatic frequency tuning in a given range, automatic measurement of the resonant frequency, processing of data on a PC, and presentation of data in the form of numerical and graphic information on the display screen and printer.

The study considers the three-phase problem of cone formation of a well drilled in an oil reservoir with bottom water and a gas cap. Equations for water-gas-oil factors are derived. Proportions for calculating the average heights of the liquid columns at given values of their saturations are obtained. The formula for calculating the effective radius of the well is obtained. A mathematical model that allows calculating technical and economic indicators of a well, such as net present value, cumulative oil, gas and water production, oil recovery coefficient, etc., in the form of a function of control parameters, such as the size of the perforation interval and its location according to the formation thickness, and control such functions as Qd(t) and qnf(t) is proposed.

The rapid development of information technologies and their widespread use in various sectors of the economy, including transportation, have led to a massive growth in data flows. However, the paradox of our time is that this data is not used to its full potential to provide companies with powerful impetus for their development. This is especially true at the strategic level, where company executives still mostly make decisions without relying on the recommendations of business intelligence systems. In the management of road transport, this phenomenon can be attributed to the fragmentation of data sources and the vague understanding of the relationships between them. This is also partially due to the diversity in opinions in the expert community on the efficiency of the transport processes. Thus, it is obvious that, without deciding on how to measure efficiency, it is hard to say where the data for calculations should be acquired from and what should be the architecture of a decision support system. Note that the diversity of data sources in the digital age creates prerequisites for various metrics that highlight different aspects of the transportation process.

The purpose of the article is to develop an economic and mathematical evaluation model of interaction between the container transportation sector and a region. The topicality of the research is evidenced by the lack of coordination mechanisms between the development programs for container transportation system and other branches of regional economy. This leads to a disproportionate development of the terminal capacities in the region, inefficient transportation flows with empty containers, suboptimal use of the rolling stock. The article establishes an outline for interaction analysis that considers multifaceted, reciprocal effect the container transportation has on a region. To estimate the economic development of a region due to the interaction with the container system, the notion of regional wealth will be used. The main factors affecting regional wealth and their numerical indicators are provided in the article. The lagging nature of the influence of individual factors on the regional wealth is noted, and a general method for determining this time lag is designed. A linear evaluation form for regional wealth is provided, which considers its dependence on the factors of the container transportation development. The practical significance of the research results lies in the model’s potential to predict the wealth growth of a region, to evaluate the priorities for the structural and technical development of the container transportation system, to design strategies for social and economic development of the region and its transportation sector, to generate optimal investment flows.

Decision-making is the creative process of identifying alternatives and choosing among them a satisfactory solution based on the values and preferences of the decision maker (LPR). This person at present can be directly to the man himself, and, - directly computer. And the methods of decision-making - can be both individual and group. An important factor of difficulties in making decisions is that very often the target function is not set, or its description is a difficult task. There are situations when the researcher himself does not clearly know what exactly he wants to achieve as a result of research, what result to get. It is obvious that in the conditions of computer decision-making, such a process must be formalized on the basis of a deep logical analysis of the probable outcomes of the problem to be solved. This work directly intersects with research in the field (Big Data)”. In the literal sense of the term Big Data, means large in volume (in terabytes, petabytes and etc.,) data. A more precise definition of the term could be “complex data”. The present work is devoted to the search for methods of decision - making formalization of complex data on the basis of database structuring. Model logical database structures were based on the concepts introduced in the text and defined by the author.

The article presents the regularities of the formation of risk of occupational diseases of the working population in the engineering of individual forms of professional pathology. The calculations were performed using the methodology developed using the principles of the International Labour Organisation and World Health Organization on study of adverse workers health effects, caused by exposure of harmful and dangerous factors of the production environment. There are also used approaches to occupational risk assessment. It was found that the total occupational risks among workers of surveyed sectors are high enough. There was used a methodology based on a systematic approach to technology assessment of health risk from occupational exposure. The object of the study was typical for this industry engine-building association in one of the Russian cities. The greatest number of healthy employees was found in the group III (ETW) without the influence of unfavorable factors of production, which is characteristic for members of groups I and II. Using the methodology of risk assessment, it is possible to determine the safe working period under the influence of adverse factors of industrial environment.

In connection with a variety of road conditions and traffic characteristics in each particular locality, a more general approach to evaluation of influence of external factors on road safety is required. Therefore, development of a mathematical model based on a time series of road traffic accidents is of great importance for determining the influencing factors. Using the example of the road traffic in Yakutsk, mathematical modeling of the time series of road crashes was performed using a technique of sequential application of cosinor analysis. Their rhythmic structure has been revealed and the factors influencing the road safety have been identified.

The article considers the issues of optimizing the use of remote sensing data. The following method can be used for the methods of the evaluation of remote sensing approaches. Remote sensing approaches are used in many applications for example for solutions of the complicated problems of transport management and construction of new transport arteries. A mathematical model to describe the economic effect of the use of remote sensing data is built. Here is also given a numerical method of solving this problem. Also discusses how to optimize organizational structure by using genetic algorithm based on remote sensing. The methods considered allow the use of remote sensing data in an optimal way. The proposed mathematical model allows various generalizations for optimization of decision making in the presence of remote sensing data. The approach associated with evolutionary programming is an effective solution when optimizing economic structures in the presence of remote sensing data.

A key feature of the transition to a post-industrial and digital economy is the transition to “knowledge production”. This process leads to an avalanche-like increase in the amount of data and complication of algorithms for their processing. Thus, the task of analyzing a large array of poorly structured economic information, identifying trends and anomalies and their subject interpretation is extremely important in many areas of the modern economy. To solve this class of problems, it is advisable to use the methods of machine learning and “soft computing”, which together with the development of specialized expert systems and the use of heuristic algorithms will help to automate the process of identifying and interpreting knowledge in a wide range of areas. The article discusses the development and software implementation of the knowledge base for an intelligent system. The object of the study is the process of storage and fixation of heuristic knowledge, the subject of the study is the concept and structure of storage of rules of output and processing of dynamic information. The paper describes the problems encountered in the development and implementation of artificial intelligent systems, considers the use of neuro-fuzzy models for the formation of such systems, considers the definition of MIVAR and presents a universal storage scheme for the knowledge base in a wide range of areas.

This study aims to consider the features of the electric power sector operation as the basis for increasing Russia’s economic growth. As part of this study, a comprehensive analysis of statistical data and analytical indicators reflecting the current state of the electric power industry of the Russian Federation was carried out. The results of the study show that the electric power sector, which provides a relatively small share of GDP, has a huge impact on the country’s economy. No goods and services can be produced without electricity, therefore stable and reasonable prices for electricity are absolutely necessary to restore, maintain and increase economic growth [1]. Unfortunately, to date, Russia has not paid enough attention to this issue [2]. Based on a study of the opinions of experts from the Russian energy market, the authors conclude that the price of electricity for industry in Russia is higher than in the United States and China, which have huge sales markets. Therefore, there was a need to create a doctrine of electric power security of the country by analogy to the doctrine of food security created in 2010. Further studies should be aimed at: eliminating the mistakes of the previous modernization; creating an understandable and transparent tariff policy; eliminating dependence on external supply of key technologies (in particular, critical dependence on western gas turbines); searching for sources of investment in the industry; developing information technologies that will help creating or saving value at each stage of the technological chain.

Digitalization of all economic sectors results in continuously increasing load on corporate data processing centers. There is decrease of economic efficiency for using classic methods of developing information infrastructures of organizations. The purpose of this article is to provide the non-classical description of the current situation in the IT development conceptual field and the conceptual description of the intellectual computing platform of modern organization in the digital globalization context.

In today’s world, motor transport is of great importance. The advantages of motor transport vehicles are the possibility of door-to-door delivery (it is possible to deliver the goods anywhere in the country and abroad right under the door of the customer), high speed of delivery (the car will drive up to almost any place), the ability to quickly change the route (whereas with air and railway transportation it is impossible to do), the continuity of transportation without overloading the goods (which is especially important for perishable goods), fast organization of new transportation, a variety of types of vehicles (motor transport vehicles are divided by purpose, capacity and passenger capacity, which allows to reduce the cost of transportation by the selecting the vehicle most appropriate to the type and volume of cargo). All this in general makes motor transport one of the most profitable and convenient. Nowadays there is a wide variety of different motor transport vehicles, even within the same class of vehicles there are differences in technical characteristics, design, financial condition, warranty. The article discusses an integrated approach to decision-making on the selection of the best vehicle by quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Evaluation of options and selection of the best option of the vehicle is proposed to be carried out on the basis of the methodology built using the methods of spectral analysis and analytic hierarchy process. The description of methods and algorithms of decision-making using these methods are given. The disadvantages and advantages of these methods are analyzed. The article presents the results of the selection of the most appropriate motor vehicle from four most widespread in Russia models belonging to the same class.

For lightly loaded electrical networks and for seasonally changing loads, it is proposed to reduce the idle losses in power transformers by changing the connection scheme of the primary and secondary winding coils provided that the transformation coefficient is constant. In this case, the transformer windings must have branches corresponding to the number of coils on the high and low voltage sides. The quantitative estimates of reducing the idle losses in power transformers by the proposed method are based on the methods of a full-scale experiment using the example of a single-phase transformer and simulation modeling of a three-phase power transformer. Circuit designs for sectioning the windings of power transformers are developed. For automatic control of losses in the transformer, an expression is obtained for reducing the total losses in the transformer by changing the connection scheme of the coils of the primary and secondary windings when the load changes. From a practical point of view, a transformer with a change in the connection schemes of its windings using the proposed method can find application as a power transformer of distribution networks with a voltage of 35, 10 (6)/0.4 kV with a load of less than 20% (summer and cottage villages, seasonal loads of industrial enterprises).

The article illustrates the relevance of developing new directions in the analysis and performance evaluation techniques aimed at results-based management optimizing the use of budgetary institutions’ resources. It is noted that among the existing funds, a set of measures of public administration and improving the efficiency of the use of Finance has been developed. The paper considers and analyzes the problems that hinder the construction of an effective system of analysis. The aim of the study was to find innovative approaches to the formation of a system to improve the efficiency of the use of public financial and material resources. The assessment of a state institution’s financial condition, its financial results, and risks is implemented by analysing the financial and economic activities of the budgetary institution. The article addresses the problem of determining the proper objectives of financial analysis in an institution, along with the sources of information. The authors also assess the priority methods. The article also analyzes the risks of the budget institution and assesses them in terms of inefficiency of budget execution on the basis of both accounting (financial) statements and non-accounting information. In General, the mechanism of financial analysis, which allows to increase the effectiveness of state control, is proposed.

The results of a questionnaire survey of Kyiv residents regarding their traffic to work places are considered and analyzed, taking into account the administrative-territorial division of the city territory. The traffic model of Kyiv city residents between its districts has been developed, on the basis of which the model of “bottlenecks” interconnection on the city street network is proposed, which allows to identify possible alternative routes of distribution of traffic flows on the network in case of failure of some of its elements.

Constantly increasing anthropogenic pressure on the environment inevitably leads to climate change, which in turn provokes an increase in the number of extreme weather events. Extreme weather conditions can leads to industrial accidents and disasters. This statement is confirmed by statistics on road accidents initiated by natural disasters on the roads of the Russian Federation, the USA and Europe. The transportation of dangerous goods in extreme weather conditions is a dangerous factor to shippers, rail carriers and society. This risk factor cannot be quantified and is not adequately presented in the cost of transportation.Accident risk factors assessment that consider the impact of various types of natural weather disasters and quantitative assessment of the impact on railway infrastructure, can be a starting point for managing disaster risks and adapting human activities to an ever-changing climate. This article proposes a methodology for assessing the risk of a traffic accident considering the impact of various types of natural disasters. As a result of testing this method, the risk of a dangerous goods traffic accident at two North Caucasus Railway routes, after simulation was selected the safest route. For carriers of dangerous goods, the accident risk assessment method will allow you to choose the safest route for the transportation of goods and, as a result, reduce the chanse of an accident.

The work is motivated by problems of mathematical supply of distributed marine monitoring systems and is devoted to dimension reducing algorithms aimed at early stage discovering of wrecks. Technologies to detect vector process dissensions at early stage using singular value decomposition (SVD) of data matrix are proposed. These technologies are based on the C. Eckart and G. Young result that SVD solves the problem of low rank matrix approximation. A variant of that approach is also referred to as immunocomputing and is regarded at the neurobiological area of artificial intellect. By now similar techniques finds applications at different problems of revealing irregular situations, image recognition, data compression. The principal advantage here is that the approach under regard permits to solve problems of purposeful dimensionality reduction of multivariate data directly by data matrix without estimating of covariances. It’s most valuable at data of high dynamics when current conclusions have to be based on sliding windows of comparatively moderate volume. In application to problems of multichannel data fusion it is essential that this approach doesn’t use the idea of centering with respect to the mean value and makes it possible to expand the traditional model of the class (situation) as a realization of n Gaussian vectors with common mean regarded as an “ideal representative of the class of interest”. The approach may also be regarded as an analog of factor analysis based on alternate description of dispersion characteristics.

The systematic increase in the surface air temperature observed in the permafrost areas creates significant risks of reducing the functionality of the road network and other objects of road transport infrastructure. To determine the projected state of the roads and identify the most rational types, volumes and timing of measures to preserve their functionality, it is proposed to use mathematical modeling carried out on the basis of constantly updated data on current climatic changes. A means of data collection in large areas of the road network in the cryolitic zone is an information system, the main functional elements of which are a geographically distributed module of instrumental observation and a prognostic module. The modeling sequence in determining the climatic risks caused by the increase in the temperature of soils in the foundations of road transport infrastructure objects is shown. The efficiency of the prognostic module algorithms is confirmed by numerical calculations of climate risks under climate change scenario providing for a warming of 2 °C. It is shown that in the case of sandy soils, risks can be characterized as low and not requiring the implementation of expensive measures to reduce them. The presence of clay soils at the base of roads leads to risks of an average level, when, according to the results of additional economic analysis, such measures may be appropriate.

In connection with the development of international trade relations with the countries of Western Europe and East Asia, carried out through the developing ports of the Azov-black sea basin, a significant increase in the volume of export cargo in the southern region of Russia. The purpose of the study is to master the growing volume of traffic and achieve efficiency in operational work. The tasks of research aimed at the development of ways to increase the capacity of a heavy-traffic line are defined. In this regard, the analysis of capacity is made using the example of the heavy-traffic railway line Kotelnikovo-Tikhoretskaya-9 km Passing Track of the North Caucasus railway, through which the supply of the largest volume of demanded export cargo to the ports of the basin is made. The bottlenecks in the operational work of the railway and ports of the Azov-Black sea basin are identified. Promising volumes of export traffic to its ports, the available and the required capacities of the sections under consideration are identified. Technical and technological measures aimed at improving the quality of operational activities that contribute to the development of export traffic growth are proposed. For solving the problems, the method of capacity calculation is used, as a result of which options for increasing it at the heavy-traffic section were offered, and the best option was chosen that ensures high reliability of transportation, timely delivery and unloading of cargo.

The transport and logistics market make high demands on the speed of decision making and their economic feasibility. In the conditions of a dynamically developing market of transport and logistics services, decision-making must be carried out quickly, on the one hand, and reasonably on the other. The adoption of such decisions in complex terminal systems for the delivery of goods requires the use of methods that allow such a comprehensive assessment. Obviously, the methodology should be objective and consider many factors of the work of the terminal and logistics complexes. This circumstance determines the relevance and purpose of this work - the development of methods for integrated assessment of the parameters of the terminal and logistics complexes based on the total rating. To achieve the goal and approbation of the methodology, we used programming tools in the Scilab environment, as well as methods of systems theory, terminalistics, logistics, economics, organization and planning of railway transport operation, expert assessments, SWOT analysis, calculation of parameters of freight fronts, score ratings, linear and dynamic programming. The practical significance of the results obtained in the study is to develop applied assessment tools for conducting an express analysis of the activities of terminal and logistics complexes on several key parameters. The subject of future research may be to solve the problem of reducing the subjectivity of evaluation by this method.

A model has been developed to identify sources and ways of noise and vibration propagation in engineering structures. Using the example of a front-wheel vehicle, the model’s visibility is illustrated, and its application areas are discussed.

Currently, the issues of providing the high-quality transport services with minimal costs are becoming particularly relevant. The purpose of this work is to increase the efficiency of freight road transport in cities through the development of a two-factor analysis method for the operation of automobiles in the road transportation system of goods. The developed method will allow (by calculation before the test) answering the question of what will happen to the results of cars while simultaneously changing two technical and operational indicators (factors). It is proved that the transportation of goods by vehicles on routes in the cities are carried out in road transport systems of different complexity of the composition and functioning. When solving the problem of establishing the dependence of the simultaneous influence of two significant factors on the resulting indicator, the method of univariate analysis was used - the method of “chain substitutions”, which became most common in the practice and theory of cargo transportation by road. However, a significant drawback of using the “chain substitutions” technique is some identification of the practice of cargo transportation and the method of analysis used. Preliminary studies have shown that the reception of “chain substitutions”, under the conditions of the simultaneous influence of two factors, does not allow obtaining the desired result. The application of the developed heuristic method of two-factor analysis of the vehicles operation in the considered road transport system for the transportation of construction goods will allow both setting such a problem and finding its solution.

The paper considers an approach to the description, analysis and diagnosis of defects in competing multioperational technological transport processes on the basis of the use of the fundamental theorem of Bernstein - Russell - Narinyani on static parallelization of programs. Examples of formal descriptions of processes in the form of operator schemes are given. An addition to the Bernstein – Russell – Narinyani theorem is proposed in order to determine the competition between technological operations using material resources. A diagnostic interpretation of the theorem, variants of competitive dependencies between operations, and defects arising during their implementation are presented. The relevance of the analysis of internal parallelism of transport processes is shown. The information on the organization of the diagnostic subsystems and the problems of the practical application of the developed method of analysis and diagnosis of processes is provided.

The aim of this article is elaboration of the evaluation model of interaction between container transportation and regional economy as well as characterization of some interaction aspects. The relevance of research is confirmed by lack of models of transport industry mutual influence on regional economy as well as practical mechanisms to integrate of regional development industry programs. This results in misbalance of container infrastructure functioning and efficiency reduction of transport service for regional cargo owners. The general theoretical model is given and grounded which envisages multifactor, mutual, directed to both sides influence of containerization on regional economic development. For evaluation of regional economic growth under the influence of container system development, dependencies were established of: reduction of cargo owners’ expenses in case of containerization increase of cargo produced in the region; cost effectiveness increase of regional enterprises in case of transport costs reduction. Practical significance of research results is in possibility to evaluate priorities in provisioning of the container system with the use of the model, to work out regional strategies of social and economic development of the region and transport industry, to prepare the most efficient investment flows.

The article discusses the issues associated with the organization of empty cars by type of rolling stock and by owners, possible points of their assembly; the analysis of the plan for the formation of empty cars is carried out, in order to identify the station for concentrating empty cars by type of rolling stock and their routes to them. The analysis of groups of wagons, which can be organized into exit routes, is carried out. The criteria of the optimization of task set for the promotion of empty cars and the improvement of the quality indicators of operational work for JSC “Russian Railways” (“RR”) are well-grounded.

The article discusses the possibility of increasing the carrying capacity of a railway line in terms of positive dynamics of coal export and its loading on rail transport, including the Pacific ports direction. There is a limit of train handling capacity on operating domain of Far Eastern Railroad on all directions to ports. It’s needs to research all possible options to accelerate of advance of a moving traffic by rail. Lack of reserve of train handling capacity on domestic railways combined with violation of the system of the transport complex has led to the fact that the industry cannot reach the previous rate of development. The article is devoted to the possibility of the admission of the connected trains on double-tracks of the Far East railroad at their constant driving, and during of summer track works. The main actions for increase in throughput and carrying ability are determined by priority.

The export supplies of metal products represent one of the traditional areas of specialization of Russia in the international trade relations. The feature of such deliveries is the dependence of the contract price on the chosen method of transportation of the delivered products to foreign partners. An important aspect is to ensure the reliability of transportation. The authors of the article proposed a new criterion for the total costs presented, allowing to take into account the direct costs of transportation and losses due to a decrease in the turnover of cash with an increase in delivery time. A mathematical model for evaluating the reliability of transportation is presented and calculations are performed. Attention is paid to the construction of the information platform for the analysis of transport and technological schemes and to ensure the interaction of transportation participants. The formation of a single information space and the provision of semantic compatibility in data exchange based on the ontological approach are recommended. The approach proposed by the authors of the article is used to compare the three main competing options for transporting metal products from Russia to Germany. It has been established that multimodal transportation using rail, sea and road transport is most preferable.

The article is devoted to the definition of the route network of long-distance passenger trains. The problem of calculating the route network of passenger trains is usually solved as a static problem, that is, the calculation does not take into account the fluctuations of passenger traffic in a given period of time. This leads either to an increase in the mileage of free seats, or to a shortage of them, since passenger traffic is not evenly distributed on the days of the week. If the task of calculating the route network of passenger trains is formulated as dynamic, that is, to model it taking into account the fluctuations of passenger traffic in time and take into account the uneven passenger traffic in the forward and reverse directions, this will lead to increased efficiency of the use of rolling stock. In this paper, the method of calculating the route network of long-distance passenger trains with fluctuations in passenger traffic over time is considered.

Over the past thirty years, optimization modeling techniques have begun to be actively used in supply chain planning and management. Given the specifics of planning tasks in supply chains, linear programming and its methods such as dynamic programming, stochastic programming and scenario planning have become the most popular. These methods make it possible to optimize the supply chain across numerous databases, each of which corresponds to a scenario describing different options for development in an uncertain future. Despite quite intensive research in this area, dynamic and stochastic programming is still underused by managers to solve application tasks in various fields, including supply chain management. Hence, there is a need for development of new planning models in logistics and supply chain management in the context of incomplete information and methods that are used to investigate situations of risk and uncertainty.

The aim of the study is to create an adequate and effective in the application theoretical model that describes multi-operational technological processes in railway transport at the level of operations, connections and resources. The article presents a theoretical and multiple operational-event model of the technological process, distinguished by its description in the form of “technology - implementation - a set of events”, adapted to reflect changes in technology and processes, as well as the possibility of narrowing multidimensionality and the formation of private models. Based on the definition of technology as a process plan, the set of implementations of technology and the set of events in the process are introduced into the expression of a process model. To analyze the options for implementing the technology, the concept of spatial-temporal process reconfiguration is used as a change in the relative position of its operations. The possibilities of obtaining private models by narrowing the multidimensionality of the complete process model are presented. A formal system of defects in the process is developed on the basis of the set-theoretic formulation of a defect. It is shown that the use of the theoretical and multiple operation-event model of processes allows solving actual engineering problems (formalization, schematization, standardization, visualization) and is promising for developing mathematical and algorithmic support of automated monitoring and diagnostic systems.

A transition of vehicles into private ownership has led to a decrease of effectiveness of their use. In this case fleet size and structure is often not coordinated with freight flows. That is why in order to make decisions on effective investment of funds it is necessary to apply appropriate optimization models. For this reason in the paper a new flow model for optimization of structure and vehicles use technology while serving given freight flows is proposed. The optimization model uses an investment distribution graph, where a money flow unit is compared to amount of transported freight and to possible income using a particular vehicle type. The optimization model is realized as a computer program that allows carrying out different experiments applying different initial data and helps to determine the most effective solutions in a dynamic market environment. As an example, the authors created a model for three conditional regions and three relatively interchangeable types of vehicles. Results of one of the experiments are presented in the paper.

The transportation system is an independent industry implying carriage of goods from a producer to a consumer using various types of transport. Requirements of owners of business production processes to transportation of freights and goods can be covered by both single and several types of transport, depending on market conditions, technological features of production and level of infrastructure development. In the Russian Federation, a large part of cargo traffic accounts for railway transport, which determines the concept of the development of railway industry based on the principles of consolidation with other subjects of the unitary transportation process and its integration into the international transportation system. The paper is aimed at searching for an alternative way of development and implementation of transport potential of railway industry, both in the country’s freight segment and in the international freight transportation area. The authors developed and proposed a model of integrated transport services in all categories of freight traffic based on self-organization. Self-organization coordinates and interconnects investments, profits, potential and target function of Divisions of the integrated transport services. This model allows determining the value of optimal expenditure of funds and investments that are necessary for upgrading an integrated transport service being provided or purchased to the preferred state. The results of using the proposed model bring to the conclusion that solving strategic tasks of Russian economy on ensuring the reliability of unitary transportation and production process, on increase in competitiveness, can be accomplished by using integrated transport service model.

This paper presents the results of analyzing the error in calculating the mobile subscriber coordinates using three Wi-Fi access points, where the calculation is based on measuring the received signal power. The purpose of the study was to develop a geopositioning system for large storage facilities and to evaluate the accuracy of the calculations. The principles of local and global positioning, based on the measurement of various signal propagation physical characteristics, were considered, the method for the geopositioning system implementation was selected. The authors have developed a test bench layout of the IEEE 802.11 mobile network geolocation and a software product for solving this problem using the trilateration mechanism. A parameter for the imitation of the additive white Gaussian noise was added to the calculation formulas to emulate a real electromagnetic environment. Graphical relationships between the object coordinates measurement error, the channel’s signal-to-noise ratio and the distance from the reference access point were obtained in the course of the work. The results showed that, even in the worst operating conditions, the developed system is superior to most systems on the market in terms of measurement accuracy.

When choosing methods for traffic organization at intersections and introducing automated traffic control systems, the problem arises of assigning a method of regulating traffic flow. The choice is affected by the degree of isolation of one intersection from neighboring ones. Different sources and regulatory documents give different recommendations for determining this parameter. In particular, in “Highway capacity manual” it is defined that an intersection that does not have a signal-controlled intersection in the vicinity of more than 1.6 km in isolation is defined. This situation makes all city intersections uninsulated, a priori working in conjunction with neighboring intersections. The article checks the incoming traffic flow for compliance with the basic statistical laws of the distribution of intervals between vehicles in it. In the future, the goal is to identify significant differences in the behavior of the traffic flow, which would affect the effectiveness of adaptive traffic control.

The main task of any commercial activity is to achieve objectives of an enterprise. The vast majority of Russian scientists and companies’ Chief Executive Officers treat commercial activity as an operational component for gaining profit. This approach unveils only one side of commercial activity, i.e. to obtain the results today. Commercial activity has an ambivalent essence in itself. On the one hand, it is necessary to deliver results – make a profit. On the other hand, commercial activity should be reviewed from the aspect of collaborative nature of parties’ relations, which aim at a continuous growth rate of satisfaction of the economic interests of the buyers as well as sellers. Thus, the commercial work is focused on reproduction of economic and industrial relations. The strategic objective of commercial activity is reproduction of commodity exchange relations. However, in order to organize operational work for target-setting of each specific department and employee it is necessary to supplement the strategic benchmark with a certain analytical model. Realization of the ambivalent essence of commerce should be reflected in work-planning. An analytical model of commercial work based on the market contacts and the results of its practical application are given in the article. The model for commercial activity of transport-logistics enterprises allows correlating the indicators of increase in the value of business with a production schedule and, simultaneously, achieving the balance of demand and supply.

The purpose of this work is to find a new way to improve and develop the potential of the transport system, both in the segment of export cargo transportation, and in the space of interaction between different types of transport in the organization of mixed rail - sea transport. The experience of managing the process of export transportation of fuel and energy resources in the Russian Federation is presented and analyzed. Scientifically grounded variants of decisions on the organization of export transportations in the mixed railway - sea communication creating conditions for decrease in a rate of growth of the added value of finished goods are offered. A new alternative way of development and improvement of export cargo transportation is proposed. The model of complex transport service in the area of interaction of several types of transport in the implementation of railway - sea communication is presented. Further improvement of the technology of interaction between the subjects of complex transport service is considered. Transition to integrated transport service by the method of construction and functioning in the model of integrated transport service of virtual enterprises is chosen. The methods of construction of this model are currently used in the management of transport services in the organization of inert cargo carriage flows and in determining the forecast of their supply. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed innovative technological solutions.

The article substantiates the relevance and develops a method for solving the problem of calculating the required capacity of station tracks to waiting for wagon to ensure direct transshipment of rational volume of export coal from rail to sea transport. The developed method takes into account the intensity of the arrival of cargo to the port by rail and the productivity of the mechanization facilities of the berthing complex. The criterion for optimizing the share of transshipment of cargo in the direct variant and the capacity of the “warehouse on wheels” (station tracks for waiting wagon) is the value of the total cost of accumulation, storage and transshipment of one consignment, and also on Parking of wagons. Recommendations on placement of “warehouse on wheels”  in the port railway junction are given.

The paper deals with the balanced development problem of the infrastructure of railway transport enterprises, aimed at improving the economic efficiency of their operation. In order to solve the problem, it is proposed to use an approach, according to which the interaction of its elements is taken into account for calculating the capacity of the transport system. In other words, the traffic and estimated capacities of the station devices (“channels”) is determined considering the reserve capacity of the preceding elements (“bins”). Bins carry out an important task, they reduce flow irregularity, thereby increasing the load factor of subsequent servicing devices. Inefficient interaction of elements means economic losses in terms of excess or lack of capacity. Therefore, in order to achieve economic efficiency of railway enterprises, the elements in the structure have to interact efficiently, which implies the harmonization of the parameters of elements according to some criterion. In order to organize the effective interaction of elements at the “bin + channel” level, the balanced traffic capacity criterion was formulated. Speaking about the elements inside the “bin + channel” structures, the final decision on their coordination is made based on the minimum capital and operating costs criterion. As a result, based on the developed criteria, the methodology for coordinating the parameters of structural elements of railway stations is proposed in the paper. The methodology ensures minimization of capital and operating costs of the transport system as a whole.

A growing free market economy needs intensive development of the transportation infrastructure, including railway operating domains. Large amounts of investments require detailed substantiation. This is provided by simulation examination. This article proposes a technology for constructing efficient operating domains according to various criteria, including the maximum traffic capacity, the minimum flow passing time, and the minimum costs for ensuring the preset process parameters. A new concept of the minimum calculation element (a channel-bunker, i.e. a duplex instead of a commonly employed channel) is presented, while the “bottleneck” concept is replaced by the “bound element” term. This fact essentially changes the main provisions of the existing instructions on calculation of operating domains.

The purpose of this study is to develop a method of assigning a logistics grade to freight stations according to the principles of customer focus, accessibility, and information comprehensiveness. The tools and methods of logistics theory, systems theory, systems analysis, marketing, linear and dynamic programming, morphologic synthesis, and terminalistics are used. The main results of the research include a unique grading system for railroad freight stations open for cargo operations that works by assigning a logistics grade based on the information about additional logistics services that is relevant for the clients. Another practical result of the study is the method of assigning the logistics grade that takes into account the specifics of the terminal and warehouse infrastructure and logistics service offered by the station. The classification of railroad logistics objects has been proposed with specified transport and logistics service comprehensiveness ratio obtained under real-life conditions. The direct objective of the method’s application in the transport sector is the implementation of the customer-focused logistics principles to enable high-profit freight traffic and to divert cargo from motor transport to railroad terminal network objects.

The research subject is a terminal network. The research purpose is development of a set-theoretical model of the terminal network. The research methods are based on the theory of sets, the theory of transport systems, the general system theory, and the authors’ methodology of terminalistics. The research provides a parametric description of the terminal network and its key elements: logistical facilities; identifies factors that determine the composition and configuration of the terminal network; develops a model of the terminal network as a logistical chain and, on its basis, suggests an integrated set-theoretical model of a region’s terminal network. A model for forming the composition of the terminal network is provided. The terminal network is considered as a logistical chain, since its configuration, purpose in a delivery system, and logistical functions performed in transportation sections reproduce the morphology of a classical logistical chain connecting a cargo sending customer with a cargo receiving customer while providing a transparent, integrated, and seamless service for cargo traffic. Using a complex of enlarged block modules of the terminal network, element-by-element study and optimization become possible. The task of finding the best option of the terminal network becomes a three-level and two-step task. The research results can be used as an economic and mathematical toolbox in design, development planning, and evaluation of facilities of the terminal and warehouse infrastructure of RZD OJSC.

Clusterization of economy makes it possible to form a comprehensive vision of the national policy on the development of the regional transportation industry, improve its productivity, performance, and competitiveness, provide more opportunities for innovative development, optimize the interaction between a variety of actors of the regional economic development, such as the government, large and small businesses, the academia, and the public. The article demonstrates that the highest regional competitiveness of territories is supported by strong positions of the interacting groups of companies that are created on the basis of cluster forms and models of joint activities. The paper describes economic rationale and advantage of a cluster-modular approach and a system of public-private partnership, proposes a cluster model of transportation business.

The provision of chemical, biological, radiation, and fire safety for people, property, infrastructure facilities, and natural environment is the focus of attention of the UN specialized agencies, national governments, managers, and specialists of industrial complexes that manufacture and operate hazardous facilities. According to the analysis, during transportation of dangerous goods by all modes of transport does not ensure an adequate level of risk, as a result of which abnormal situations, various breakdowns, incidents, and emergencies continue to occur. The manifestation of risk causes considerable damage to the transport workers, transportation infrastructure, transported goods and freight units, natural environment, residents of neighboring communities, and people who happened to be in a dangerous zone. The topicality of research is dictated by the necessity of further improving the methods for protection and damage prevention, reduction in social and economic costs and environmental damage. The purpose of research is to develop elements of an integrated security system for zone of dangerous goods by federal railway transport with the possibility to employ them on international scale and in other modes of transport. Improving the concept of dangerous zone during transportation of dangerous goods stands in as the first-priority work stage of the development process. Solving the main tasks of the research was based on such proven and fruitful theoretical and experimental methods as computer modeling, comparative typology and circular expert estimations, statistical analysis, probability theory, theory of similarity, and others. The most meaningful results of the development are both of theoretical and practical importance. The theoretical result consists in development of a new approach to the concept of dangerous zone during transportation of dangerous goods by rail. The practical result involves development of proposals for improvement of the Railway Transport System of Emergency Prevention and Response; introduction of amendments into the Safety Rules for Response to Emergencies related to Dangerous Goods during Their Transportation by Rail; emergency cards for dangerous goods and a number of other technical guidance documents. Processing of the experimental data has established that the expected effectiveness of the development is 7.5–10%.