Voltage correction by a closed-form bus power factor tuning approach using non-orthogonal inverter current generation from STATCOM

The power system outlook has been going through a swift transition with the growing demand and expansion of infrastructure making the overall system more vulnerable to load changes. The sensitivity of electrical quantities varies in a direct proportion to the network size and affects the system performance determined by voltage levels, power factor (PF) and losses. This paper deals with tuning bus PF using STATCOM by partial reactive power injection based on new schemes of phase modulation and amplitude modulation for a standalone and interconnected network. For a standalone network, tuning of PF has been demonstrated as a test case using both open-loop and closed-loop designs followed by comprehensive mathematical model and an analogical correlation. Based on the benchmark set for the standalone network with both modulation schemes, PF control is extended at bus level using multiple closed-loop STATCOMs in IEEE 9 Bus system. The primary objective of this research is the voltage correction by maintaining specific PFs at PQ buses whose values are evaluated by particle swarm optimization algorithm. It is concluded that STATCOM-controlled PF tuning at PQ buses has indirectly corrected under and overvoltages leading to an improvement in objective function from 0.9849 to 0.9915.