Ways to Increase the Efficiency of Grain and Soybean Harvesting in the Amur Region

The article presents the results of the dynamics of harvesting grain and soybeans in the agro-industrial complex of the Amur Region in 2020. The study of indicators of the harvesting process of early grain crops in the Central agricultural zone of the Amur region, consisting of 7 agricultural territories. An assessment of the efficiency of the harvesting process of grain crops in 2021 is given in one of the largest agricultural territories of the Central agricultural zone of the agro-industrial complex of the Amur Region, as well as the largest peasant farm in this territory, KFH Romanov S.N. On the example of this farm, an analysis of the productivity (threshing) of early grain crops with various brands of combine harvesters was carried out. It was found that the most highly productive combines of the CASEIH and TUCANO families with an engine power of more than 220 kW and working in a unit with a header with a working width of 9 m. The threshing capacity of these combines amounted to 733.365 tons and 595.083 tons, respectively, which is almost 2 times more than the productivity of the TORUM and VECTOR 410 combines. The evaluation of the threshing quality with grain combines of the VECTOR 410 family was carried out: undershooting exceeded 7%, crushing corresponded to agricultural requirements and did not exceed 1%, grain purity in the bunker ranged from 90.6 to 95.3%.