Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Environmental Monitoring and Management Read chapter Read first chapter

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

25. Weather, Climate and Global Warming

Authors : Joseph Awange, John Kiema

Published in: Environmental Geoinformatics

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In order to fully appreciate the contribution of geoinformatics in monitoring climate change caused by increase in temperature, a distinction between weather and climate, on one hand, and climate variability and climate change, on the other hand, is essential.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter GNSS Reflectometry and Applications
next chapter GNSS Sensing of Climate Variability
Footnotes
2
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.
 
5
Thematic mapper.
 
7
High-Resolution Visible and Infrared (imaging instrument). See http://​www.​cnes.​fr/​web/​CNES-en/​7114-home-cnes.​php.
 
8
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer.
 
9
Laser Infrared Detection And Ranging.
 
10
High Resolution Visible.
 
11
Synthetic Aperture Radar.
 
Literature
1.
Burroughs WJ (2007) Climate change: a multidisciplinary approach, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef
2.
Houghton RA (2005) Above ground forest biomass and the global carbon balance. Global Change Biol 11:945–958CrossRef
3.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007) Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report
4.
5.
Martens WJM, Niessen LW, Rotmans J, Jetten TH, McMichael AJ (1995) Potential impact of global climate change on malaria risk. Environ Health Perspect 103:458–464CrossRef
6.
Martens WJM (1998) Health impacts of climate change and ozone depletion: an ecoepidemiologic modeling approach. Health Perspect 106:241–251
7.
Uriel K (1998) Landscape ecology and epidemiology of vector-borne diseases: tools for spatial analysis. J Med Entomol 35(4):435–445CrossRef
8.
Steffen W, Sanderson A, Tyson PD, Jger J, Matson PA, Moore BIII, Oldfield F, Richardson K, Schellnhuber HJ, Turner BLII, Wasson RJ (2005) Global change and the earth system: a planet under pressure. Springer, Berlin
9.
Santer BD, Wehner MF, Wigley TML, Sausen R, Meehl GA, Taylor KE, Ammann C, Arblaster J, Washington WM, Boyle JS, Bruggemann W (2003) Contributions of anthropogenic and natural forcing to recent Tropopause height changes. Science 301:479–483CrossRef
10.
Santer BD, Wigley TML, Simmons AJ, Kallberg PW, Kelly GA, Uppala SM, Ammann C, Boyle JS, Bruggemann W, Doutriaux C, Fiorino M, Mears C, Meehl GA, Sausen R, Taylor KE, Washington WM, Wehner MF, Wentz FJ (2004) Identification of anthropogenic climate change using a second-generation reanalysis. J Geophys Res 109. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1029/​2004JD005075
11.
Sausen R, Santer BD (2003) Use of changes in tropopause height to detect influences on climate. Meteorol Z 12(3):131–136CrossRef
12.
Nyakwada W (2000) The use of weather and climate forecasts by rural people to enhance food production. In: Akunda E, Mango C, Oteng’l SBB et al (eds) Sustainable environmental management for poverty alleviationin the Lake Victoria Basin. KMFRI, pp 38–42
13.
Atheru ZKK, Ogallo LA, Ambenje PG (2000) Regional climate forecasts for enhanced food production to alleviate rural poverty around the Lake Victoria region. KMFRI, pp 28–30
14.
Otengi SBB (2000) Weather and climate hazards that affect food production in the Lake Victoria Basin. In: Akunda E, Mango C, Oteng’i SBB et al (eds) Sustainable environmental management for poverty alleviation in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kisii 3–5 Oct 1995. KMFRI, pp 24–27
15.
Okoola RE (2000) Climate change as related to food production for the alleviation of rural poverty in the Lake basin region. In: Akunda E, Mango C, Oteng’i SBB et al (eds) Sustainable environmental management for poverty alleviation in the Lake Victoria Basin. KMFRI, pp 43–45
16.
Emanuel K (2005) Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years. Nature 436:686–688CrossRef
17.
18.
19.
20.
Magadza CHD (1996) Climate change: some likely multiple impacts in southern Africa. In: Downing TE (ed) Climate change and world food security. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 449–483CrossRef
21.
Jallow BP, Barrow MKA, Leatherman SP (1996) Vulnerability of the coastal zone of the Gambia to sea level rise and development of response options. Clim Res 6:165–177CrossRef
22.
23.
Manneh A (1997) Vulnerability of the water resources sector of The Gambia to climate change. In: Republic of The Gambia: final report of The Gambia/U.S. Country study program project on assessment of the vulnerability of the major economic sectors of the Gambia to the projected climate change. Banjul, The Gambia, (unpublished)
24.
Beaudoin AB (2002) On the identification and characterization of drought and aridity in postglacial paleoenvironmental records from the northern great plains. Gographie Phys et Quatern 56(2–3): 229–246 E-SCAPE contribution 3. Note: volume dated 2002, but published in 2004
25.
Mistry VV, Conway D (2003) Remote forcing of East African rainfall and relationships with fluctuations in levels of Lake Victoria. Int J Clim 23:67–89CrossRef
26.
27.
Belvis M, Businger S, Herring TA, Rocken C, Anthes RA, Ware RH (1992) GPS Meteorology: remote sensing of water vapour using global positioning system. J Geophys Res 97:15787–15801CrossRef
28.
Brutsaert W (2005) Hydrology. An introduction, 4th edn. Cambridge University Press, New York
29.
30.
Trenberth K, Guillemot C (1996) Evaluation of the atmospheric moisture and hydrological cycle in the NCEP Reanalyses. NCAR technical note TN-430, December
31.
Ware H, Fulker D, Stein S, Anderson D, Avery S, Clerk R, Droegmeier K, Kuettner J, Minster B, Sorooshian S (2000b) Real-time national GPS networks: opportunities for atmospheric sensing. Earth Planet Space 52:901–905CrossRef
32.
Rocken C, Ware R, Hove TV, Solheim F, Alber C, Johnson J, Belvis M, Businger S (1993) Sensing atmospheric water vapour with the global positioning system. Geophys Res Lett 20(23):2631–2634CrossRef
33.
Elliot WP, Gaffen DJ (1991) On the utility of radiosonde humidity archives for climate studies. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 72:1507–1520CrossRef
34.
Bjerknes V (1904) Das problem der Wettervorhersage, betrachtet vom Stanpunkt der Mechanik und der Physik. Meteor Zeits 21:1–7
35.
Kalnay E (2003) Atmospheric modeling, data assimilation and predictability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
36.
Charney JG (1955) The use of primitive equations of motion in numerical prediction. Tellus 7:22–26CrossRef
37.
Charney JG, Fjørtoft R, von Neuman J (1950) Numerical integration of the barotropic vorticity equation. Tellus 2:237–254CrossRef
38.
Richardson LF (2007) Weather prediction by numerical process, 2nd edn. Cambridge Mathematical Library (the first edition appeared in 1922)
39.
Awange JL, Grafarend EW (2005) Solving algebraic computational problems in geodesy and geoinformatics. Springer, Berlin
40.
Awange JL, Grafarend EW, Palánczz B, Zaletnyik P (2010) Algebraic geodesy and geoinformatics, 2nd edn. Springer, BerlinCrossRef
41.
Awange JL, Palánczz B (2016) Geospatial algebraic computations-theory and applications, 3rd edn. Springer, BerlinCrossRef
42.
Awange JL, Palánczz B, Lewis RH, Völgyesi, L (2016) Mathematical geosciences-hybrid symbolic-numeric methods. Springer International Publishing
43.
Daley R (1991) Atmospheric data analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
44.
Bergthorsson P, Döös B (1955) Numerical weather map analysis. Tellus 7:329–340
45.
Poli P (2006) Assimilation of GNSS radio occultation data into numerical weather prediction. In: Foelsche U, Kirchengast G, Steiner A (eds) Atmosphere and climate studies by occultation methods. Springer, Berlin, pp 195–204
46.
US Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) (2008) Reanalysis of historical climate data for key atmospheric features: Implications for attribution of causes of observed change. A report by the U.S. climate change science program and the subcommittee on global change research. In: Dole RM, Hoerling M, Schubert S (eds) National oceanic and atmospheric administration. National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, p 156
47.
Talagrand O (1997) Assimilation of observations, an introduction. J Meteorol Soc Jpn. Spec Issue 75(1B):191–209CrossRef
48.
Jiang H, Apps MJ, Peng CH, Zhang YL, Liu JX (2002) Modelling the influence of harvesting on Chinese boreal forest carbon dynamics. Forest Ecol Manage 169:65–82CrossRef
49.
Myneni RB, Dong JR, Tucker CJ, Kaufmann RK, Kauppi PE, Liski J, Zhou L, Alexeyev V, Hudges MK (2001) A large carbon sink in the woody biomass of Northern forest. Proc Nat Acad Sci 98:14784–14789CrossRef
50.
Patenaude G, Milne R, Dawson TP (2005) Synthesis of remote sensing approaches for forest carbon estimation: reporting to the Kyoto protocol. Environ Sci Policy 8(2):161–178CrossRef
51.
Kumi-Boateng B (2012) A spatio-temporal based estimation of vegetation changes in the Tarkwa mining area of Ghana. Doctor of philosophy. Dissertation. University of Mines and Technology, Ghana, 165pp
52.
Bonino EE (2006) Changes in carbon pools associated with land-use gradient in the dry Chaco, Argentina. Forest Ecol Manag 223:181–189CrossRef
53.
Tutu BD (2008) Assessing the effects of land-use/cover change on ecosystem services in Ejisu-Juaben District, Ghana. M.Sc, thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, 88p
54.
Gibbs HK, Brown S, Niles JO, Foley JA (2007) Monitoring and estimating tropical forest carbon stocks: making REDD a reality. Environ Res Lett 2:45–23
55.
Fearnside PM, Laurance WF (2003) Determination of deforestration rates of the world’s humid tropical forests. Science 299:10–15CrossRef
56.
Malhi Y, Grace J (2000) Tropical forests and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Trends Ecol Evol 15:332–337CrossRef
57.
Kuo Y-H, Sokolovski SV, Anthens RA, Vandenberghe F (2000) Assimilation of the GPS radio occultation data for numerical weather prediction. Terr Atmos Oceanic Sci 11:157–186CrossRef
58.
Syndergaard S, Kuo Y-H, Lohmann MS (2006) Observation operators for the assimilation of occultation data into atmospheric models: a review. In: Foelsche U, Kirchengast G, Steiner A (eds) Atmosphere and climate studies by occultation methods. Springer, Berlin, pp 205–224
59.
60.
Healey SB, Jupp AM, Marquardt C (2005) Forecast impact experiment with GPS radio occultation measurements. Geophys Res Lett 32: L03804.1-L03804.4
61.
Poli P, Pailleux J, Ducrocq V, Moll P, Rabier F, Mauprivez M, Dufour S, Grondin M, Lechat-Carvalho F, De Latour A, Issler J, Ries L (2008) Weather report. Meteorological applications of GNSS from space and on the ground. Inside GNSS 3(8): 30–39
62.
Baker HC, Dodson AH, Penna NT, Higgins M, Offiler D (2001) Ground-based GPS water vapour estimation: potential for meteorological forecasting. J Atmos Solar-Terr Phys 63(12):1305–1314CrossRef
63.
Melbourne WG, Davis ES, Duncan CB, Hajj GA, Hardy K, Kursinski R, Mechan TK, Young LE, Yunck TP (1994) The application of spaceborne GPS to atmospheric limb sounding and global change monitoring. JPL Publication 94-18
64.
Awange JL, Fukuda Y (2003) On possible use of GPS-LEO satellite for flood forecasting. In: Accepted to the international civil engineering conference on sustainable development in the 21st Century “The Civil Engineer in Development” 12–16 Aug 2003 Nairobi, Kenya
65.
Flores A, Ruffini G, Rius A (2000) 4D tropospheric tomography using GPS slant wet delay. Ann Geophys 18:223–234CrossRef
66.
Randall DA, Tjemkes S (1991) Clouds, the Earth’s radiation budget and the hydrological cycle. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 90:3–9
67.
Belvis M, Businger S, Chiswell S, Herring TA, Anthes RA, Rocken C, Ware RH (1994) GPS meteorology: mapping zenith wet delays onto precipitable water. J Appl Meteorol 33:379–386CrossRef
68.
Hanssen RF, Weckwerth TM, Zebker HA, Klees R (1999) High-resolution water vapour mapping from interferometric radar measurements. Science 283:1297–1299CrossRef
69.
Foelsche U, Gobiet A, Steiner AK, Borsche M, Wickert J, Schmidt T, Kirchengast G (2006) Global climatologies based on radio occultation data: the CHAMPCLIM project. In: Foelsche U, Kirchengast G, Steiner A (eds) Atmosphere and climate studies by occultation methods. Springer, Berlin, pp 303–314
70.
IPCC (2001) Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, p 881
71.
Stendel M (2006) Monitoring climate variability and change by means of GNSS data. In: Foelsche U, Kirchengast G, Steiner A (eds) Atmosphere and climate studies by occultation methods. Springer, Berlin, pp 275–285
72.
73.
Kursinski ER, Hajj GA, Schofield JT, Linfield RP, Hardy KR (1997) Observing Earth’s atmosphere with radio occultation measurements using global positioning system. J Geophys Res 102(D19):23429–23465CrossRef
74.
Yuan LL, Anthes RA, Ware RH, Rocken C, Bonner WD, Bevis MG, Businger S (1993) Sensing climate-change using the global positioning system. J Geophys Res 98(D8):14925–14937CrossRef
75.
Leroy SS, Dykema JA, Anderson JG (2006) Climate benchmarking using GNSS occultation. In: Foelsche U, Kirchengast G, Steiner A (eds) Atmosphere and climate studies by occultation methods. Springer, Berlin, pp 287–301
76.
Foelsche U, Kirchengast G, Steiner AK (2006) Atmosphere and climate. Studies by occultation methods, Springer, BerlinCrossRef
77.
Leroy SS (1997) Measurements of geopotential heights by GPS radio occultation. J Geophys Res 102:6971–6986CrossRef
78.
Christy JR, Spencer RW, Norris WB, Braswell WD, Parker DE (2003) Error estimates of version 5.0 of MSU-AMSU bulk atmospheric temperatures. J Atmos Oceanic Technol 20 (5): 613–629
79.
Christy JR, Spencer RW, Braswell WD (2000) MSU tropospheric temperatures: dataset construction and radiosonde comparisons. J Atmos Oceanic Technol 17:1153–1170CrossRef
80.
Mears C, Schabel M, Wents F (2003) A reanalysis of MSU channel 2 tropospheric temperature trend. J Clim 16(22):3560–3664CrossRef
81.
Vinnikov KY, Grody NC (2003) Global warming trend of mean tropospheric temperature observed by satellites. Science, 269–272
82.
83.
84.
85.
WMO (1957) Definition of tropopause. World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, Geneva
86.
Shea DJ, Wifley SJ, Stern IR, Hoar TJ (1994) An introduction to atmospheric and oceanographic data. NCAR Tech, Note
87.
Ware R, Exner M, Feng D, Gorbunov M, Hardy K, Herman B et al (1996) GPS sounding of atmosphere from low earth orbit: preliminary results. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77:19–40CrossRef
88.
Rocken C, Anthes R, Exner M, Hunt D, Sokolovski S, Ware R, Gorbunov M, Schreiner S, Feng D, Hermann B, Kuo Y-H, Zou X (1997) Analysis and validation of GPS/MET data in the neutral atmosphere. J Geophys Res 102:29849–29860CrossRef
89.
90.
Highwood EJ, Hoskins BJ, Berrisforde P (2000) Properties of the arctic tropopause. Meteorol Soc 126:1515–1532CrossRef
91.
Nagurny AP (1998) Climatic characteristics of the tropopause over the Arctic Basin Ann Geophys 16:110–115
92.
Randel WJ, Wu F, Gaffen DJ (2000) Interannual variability of the tropical tropopause derived from radiosonde data and NCEP reanalyses. J Geophys Res 105:15509–15524CrossRef
93.
Seidel JD, Ross RJ, Angell JK, Reid GC (2001) Climatological characteristics of the tropical tropopause as revealed by radiosondes. J Geophys Res 106:7857–7878CrossRef
94.
Varotsos C, Cartalis C, Vlamakis A, Tzanis C, Keramitsoglou I (2004) The long-term coupling between column ozone and tropopause properties. J Clim 17:3843–3854CrossRef
95.
96.
Christy JR, Spencer RW, Lobl ES (1998) Analysis of the merging procedure for the MSU daily temperature series. J Clim 11:2016–2041CrossRef
97.
Spencer RW, Christy JR, Grody NC (1990) Global atmospheric temperature monitoring with satellite microwave measurements: methods and results 1979–84. J Clim 3:1111–1128CrossRef
98.
Parker DE, Gorden M, Cullum DPN, Sexton DMH, Folland CK, Rayner N (1997) A new global gridded radiosonde temperature database and recent temperature trends. Geophys Res Lett 24:1499–1502CrossRef
99.
Anthes RA, Rocken C, Kuo YH (2000) Applications of COSMIC to meteorology and climate. Terr Atmos Oceanic Sci 11:115–156CrossRef
100.
Ranson KJ, Sun G, Weishample JF, Knox RG (1997) Forest biomass from combined ecosystem and radar backscatter. Remote Sens Environ 59:118–133CrossRef
101.
102.
Khandu (2008) GPS remote sensing of the Australian tropopause. Curtin University of Technology, Honours dissertation
103.
Pittcock B (2003) Climate change: an Australian guide to the science and potential impacts. Climate Change, Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra
104.
105.
Slaymaker O, Kelly REJ (2007) The cryosphere and global environmental change (Environmental systems and global change series), 1st edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Victoria, Australia
106.
107.
108.
109.
Hammond WC, Brooks BA, Bürgmann R, Heaton T, Jackson M, Lowry AR, Anandakrishnan S (2010) The scientific value of high-rate, low-latency GPS data, a white paper
110.
111.
112.
Rosenqvist Å, Imhoff M, Milne A, Dobson C (eds) (1999) Remote sensing and the Kyoto Protocol: a review of available and future technology for monitoring treaty compliance. Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, 20–22 Oct
113.
Rosenqvist A, Milne T, Lucas R, Imhoff M, Dobson C (2003) A review of remote sensing technology in support of the Kyoto Protocol. Environ Sci Policy 6(5):441–455CrossRef
114.
Richards TS, Gallego J, Achard F (2000) Sampling for forest cover change assessment at the pantropical scale. Int J Remote Sens 21:1473–1490CrossRef
115.
Blair JB, Rabine D, Hofton M (1999) The laser vegetation imaging sensor (LVIS): a medium-altitude, digitization only, airborne laser altimeter for mapping. ISPRS 54:115–122CrossRef
116.
Prince SD, Goward S (1995) Global primary production: a remote sensing approach. J Biogeogr 22:815–835CrossRef
117.
Le Toan T, Ribbes F, Floury N, Wang LF, Ding KH, Kong JA, Kurosu Fujita MT (1997) Rice crop mapping and monitoring using ERS-1 data based on experiment and modeling results. IEEE Trans Geoscie Remote Sens 35:41–56
Metadata
Title
Weather, Climate and Global Warming
Authors
Joseph Awange
John Kiema
Copyright Year
2019
Book
Environmental Geoinformatics

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03016-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-03017-9

Copyright Year: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03017-9_25