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01-09-2015 | Research

Well-to-wake Greenhouse Gas Emissions from LNG in Marine Applications

Authors: Dr. Max Kofod, Dipl.-Ing. Torsten Mundt

Published in: MTZ industrial | Issue 2/2015

Excerpt

As a fuel for marine propulsion and onboard power generation, natural gas has proven advantages in terms of NO _x and SO _x emissions. Given the efficiencies of lean burn gas engines and that natural gas’ prime constituent, methane, is the simplest combination of carbon and hydrogen in the hydro-carbon series, expectations are also high in terms of low greenhouse gas emissions. Classification society DNV-GL and Shell Global Solutions have investigated this aspect on a “well-to-wake” basis. …

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MTZ industrial

Das offizielle Magazin des CIMAC (The International Council on Combustion Engines) berichtet detailliert über Groß- und Industriemotoren aller Art ab einer Zylindergröße von 2,0 l.

inform now

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http://greet.es.anl.gov

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[3]

TNO / ECN 2013: Natural Gas in Transport — An Assessment of Different Routes, Delft.

[4]

Lowell, D.; Wang, H,; Lutsey, N.; Assessment of the Fuel Cycle Impact of Liquefied Natural Gas as Used in international Shipping. ICCT/International Council on Clean Transportation, White Paper, 2013

[5]

Bengtsson, S.: Life Cycle Assessment of Present and Future Marine Fuels. Chalmers University of Technology, 2011

[6]

Ballegaard, T: Dual-fuel Retrofit — ME-GI. MAN, 2012

[7]

Impact of Marine Fuels Quality Legislation on EU Refineries at the 2020 Horizon, CONCAWE Report No. 3/09, 2009

[8]

Purvin & Gertz Inc.: Impacts on the EU Refining Industry and Markets of IMO Specification Changes & Other Measures to Reduce the Sulphur Content of Certain Fuels. Report Prepared for the Directorate General Environment of the European Commission, Brussels, 2009

[9]

Hongrui, M.; et al: Well-to-wake energy and Greenhouse Has Analysis of SO _x Abatement Options for the Marine Industry. Transportation Research Part D 17, pp. 301–308, 2012

[10]

Danish Ministry of the Environment: Assessment of Possible Impacts of Scrubber Water Discharges on the Marine Environment. Environmental Project No. 1431, 2012

[11]

U.S. EPA: Exhaust Gas Scrubber Washwater Effluent, Washington DC 20460

[12]

Lloyds Register: Understanding Exhaust Gas Treatment Systems — Guidance for Shipowners and Operators, 2012 MATH

[13]

Williams. P.J.le B: The Natural Oceanic Carbon and Sulfur Cycles: Implications for SO ₂ and CO ₂ Emissions from Marine Shipping. International Journal of the Society for Underwater Technology No.29, pp. 5–19, 2009 CrossRefMATH

[14]

http://www.wartsila.com/en/emissions-reduction/exhaust-gas-technology-hamworthy/scrubber/en/emissions-reduction/exhaust-gas-technology-hamworthy/scrubber and http://www.hamworthy.com

[15]

MEPC 67/4 (Fuel sulphur monitoring)

[16]

Brandt. A.R; et al: Methane Leaks from North American Natural Gas Systems. In: Science Vol. 343, February 2014

Title: Well-to-wake Greenhouse Gas Emissions from LNG in Marine Applications
Authors: Dr. Max Kofod
Dipl.-Ing. Torsten Mundt
Publication date: 01-09-2015
Publisher: Vieweg Verlag
Published in: MTZ industrial / Issue 2/2015
Print ISSN: 2194-8682
Electronic ISSN: 2194-8690
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40353-015-0524-7

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