White clover components as an effective biosorbent for the elimination of toxic malachite green from wastewater

The article delves into the critical issue of groundwater pollution, particularly focusing on the removal of toxic malachite green dye from wastewater using white clover components. It highlights the environmental challenges posed by synthetic dyes, which are resistant to biodegradation and pose significant health risks to both aquatic life and humans. The study investigates the adsorption capabilities of white clover stem powder, a novel and inexpensive biosorbent, and compares its performance with other adsorbents. Detailed characterizations using FTIR, SEM, and EDX analyses reveal the surface morphology and functional groups responsible for dye adsorption. The study also explores the effects of various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and salt concentration on the adsorption process. The results demonstrate that white clover stem powder exhibits a high adsorption capacity for malachite green dye, making it a promising and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the article discusses the economic and environmental benefits of using white clover, including its ability to regenerate through reseeding and its role in enhancing soil fertility and biodiversity. The findings underscore the potential of white clover as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for removing toxic dyes from industrial wastewater, contributing to the development of sustainable water treatment technologies.