1. Why Electric Vehicles?

One of the major problems that has plagued almost every country in recent decades is the issue of environmental pollution, along with atmospheric pollutants, which most often enters the atmosphere through vehicles and industries. This problem is more prevalent in metropolitan areas and larger population centers. As a result, researchers are looking for ways to reduce the production of atmospheric pollutants, especially carbon dioxide. One solution to this problem is to use electric vehicles (EVs) that do not produce any atmospheric pollutants. Indeed, electrification of the transportation fleet is an inevitable future for modern countries, and it is considered as an essential pillar of the concept of intelligent transportation systems. Therefore, exploring various aspects of the presence of EVs can be a good guide for designers, policy makers and decision makers of transportation systems to get acquainted with the features of this new technology and guide it in the right direction. On the other hand, use of EVs can affect various aspects such as dependence on fossil fuels and the amount of environmental pollution and can be a permanent solution for contaminated metropolises. In this chapter, different aspects of electrification of the transportation fleet are studied and various means to increase the penetration of EVs in near future are considered.