Skip to main content
Top

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Xi Must Be Obeyed: The New Peking Order

Author : Richard Javad Heydarian

Published in: The Indo-Pacific: Trump, China, and the New Struggle for Global Mastery

Publisher: Springer Singapore

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The chapter discusses the evolution of China’s political economy and foreign policy throughout the post-World War II period, beginning with the revolutionary policies of the Mao Zedong regime to economic opening under Deng Xiaoping, followed by liberalization under Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao administrations and, finally, the global assertiveness of Xi Jinping, who has adopted a more strident foreign policy, which has sent shockwaves across the world. In many ways, Xi is combining the confrontational elements of Mao era with the economic charm offensive of his two predecessors. The chapter places the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) within this broader historical background, providing a prognosis of the future of Chinese foreign policy in the twenty-first century.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
Brzezinski (1998, 40).
 
2
Braudel (1993, 171).
 
3
Shim (2018).
 
4
Osnos (2015).
 
5
Shirk (2018, 24).
 
6
See Shirk (2018) and Economy (2018).
 
7
Hegel (1837).
 
8
Xinhua (2017).
 
9
Moriyasu (2015).
 
10
China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (2013).
 
11
Parameswaran (2013).
 
12
Xi (2013).
 
13
Millward (2018).
 
14
Frankopan (2017).
 
15
Chua (2009).
 
17
Kaplan (2010).
 
18
Kaplan (2013).
 
19
Kaplan (2018).
 
20
See for instance Economy and Levi (2014).
 
21
Kaplan (2010).
 
22
See for instance Kissinger (2012) and Allison (2017).
 
23
Goldstone (2011).
 
24
Shirk (2018).
 
25
See Shirk (2008) and Li (2010).
 
26
Kissinger (2011, 479).
 
27
Andreas (2012).
 
28
Kurtlantzick (2008).
 
29
Mearsheimer (2014).
 
30
Kurtlantzick (2008).
 
31
Ibid., 16.
 
32
Medeiros and Fravel (2003).
 
33
French (2014).
 
34
Ramo (2004, 2–3).
 
35
Shirk (2008, 111).
 
36
Medeiros and Fravel (2003).
 
37
Ibid.
 
38
See for instance Anderson (1998), Stiglitz (2003), and Goh (2014).
 
39
Anderson (1998).
 
40
Parameswaran (2013).
 
41
Shirk (2008, 120).
 
42
See Medeiros and Fravel (2003), Shirk (2008), and Kurlantzick (2008).
 
43
Shirk (2008, 122).
 
44
Ibid., 128.
 
45
Fravel (2008).
 
46
See Medeiros and Fravel (2003) and Steele (2013).
 
47
Steele (2013).
 
48
See Kotkin (2009) and Stokes (2017).
 
49
Ying (2015).
 
50
Shirk (2008, 115–116).
 
51
Krishnan (2011).
 
52
Nye (2004, 5).
 
53
Xinhua (2007).
 
54
Kaplan (2013).
 
Literature
go back to reference Allison, Graham. Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017. Allison, Graham. Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017.
go back to reference Braudel, Fernand. A History of Civilizations.New York: Penguin Books, 1993. Braudel, Fernand. A History of Civilizations.New York: Penguin Books, 1993.
go back to reference Brzezinski, Zbigniew. The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives. New York: Basic Books, 1998. Brzezinski, Zbigniew. The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives. New York: Basic Books, 1998.
go back to reference Chua, Amy. Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance—And Why They Fall. New York: Anchor, 2009. Chua, Amy. Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance—And Why They Fall. New York: Anchor, 2009.
go back to reference Economy, Elizabeth. The Third Revolution: Xi Jinping and the New Chinese State. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Economy, Elizabeth. The Third Revolution: Xi Jinping and the New Chinese State. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
go back to reference Economy, Elizabeth, and Michael Levi. By All Means Necessary: How China’s Resource Quest is Changing the World, 1st edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Economy, Elizabeth, and Michael Levi. By All Means Necessary: How China’s Resource Quest is Changing the World, 1st edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
go back to reference Frankopan, Peter. The Silk Roads: A New History of the World. New York: Vintage Books, 2017. Frankopan, Peter. The Silk Roads: A New History of the World. New York: Vintage Books, 2017.
go back to reference French, Howard. China’s Second Continent: How a Million Migrants Are Building a New Empire in Africa. New York: Knopf, 2014. French, Howard. China’s Second Continent: How a Million Migrants Are Building a New Empire in Africa. New York: Knopf, 2014.
go back to reference Goh, Evelyn. The Struggle for Order: Hegemony, Hierarchy, and Transition in Post-Cold War East Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Goh, Evelyn. The Struggle for Order: Hegemony, Hierarchy, and Transition in Post-Cold War East Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
go back to reference Kaplan, Robert. The Return of Marco Polo’s World: War, Strategy, and American Interests in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Random House, 2018. Kaplan, Robert. The Return of Marco Polo’s World: War, Strategy, and American Interests in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Random House, 2018.
go back to reference Kaplan, Robert. The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate. New York: Penguin Random House, 2013. Kaplan, Robert. The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate. New York: Penguin Random House, 2013.
go back to reference Kissinger, Henry. On China. New York: Penguin, 2011. Kissinger, Henry. On China. New York: Penguin, 2011.
go back to reference Kissinger, Henry. On China. London: Penguin Books, 2012. Kissinger, Henry. On China. London: Penguin Books, 2012.
go back to reference Kurtlantzick, Joshua. Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power Is Transforming the World. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. Kurtlantzick, Joshua. Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power Is Transforming the World. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.
go back to reference Li, Nan. Chinese Civil-Military Relations in the Post-Deng Era. Implications for Crisis Management and Naval Modernization. Newport: U.S. Naval War College, 2010. Li, Nan. Chinese Civil-Military Relations in the Post-Deng Era. Implications for Crisis Management and Naval Modernization. Newport: U.S. Naval War College, 2010.
go back to reference Nye, Joseph. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: PublicAffairs, 2004. Nye, Joseph. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: PublicAffairs, 2004.
go back to reference Sharma, Ruchir. “Breakout Nations: In Pursuit of the Next Economic Miracles.” New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. Sharma, Ruchir. “Breakout Nations: In Pursuit of the Next Economic Miracles.” New York: W. W. Norton, 2012.
go back to reference Shirk, Susan. China: Fragile Superpower. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Shirk, Susan. China: Fragile Superpower. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
go back to reference Stiglitz, Joseph. Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: Norton Paperback, 2003. Stiglitz, Joseph. Globalization and Its Discontents. New York: Norton Paperback, 2003.
Metadata
Title
Xi Must Be Obeyed: The New Peking Order
Author
Richard Javad Heydarian
Copyright Year
2020
Publisher
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9799-8_4

Premium Partner