Top

Cellulose

Published in:

01-12-2007

Xyloglucan in cellulose modification

Authors: Qi Zhou, Mark W. Rutland, Tuula T. Teeri, Harry Brumer

Published in: Cellulose | Issue 6/2007

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Xyloglucans are the principal polysaccharides coating and crosslinking cellulose microfibrills in the majority of land plants. This review summarizes current knowledge of xyloglucan structures, solution properties, and the mechanism of interaction of xyloglucans with cellulose. This knowledge base forms the platform for new biomimetic methods of cellulose surface modification with applications within the fields of textile manufacture, papermaking, and materials science. Recent advances using the enzyme xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase (XET, EC 2.4.1.207) to introduce varied chemical functionality onto cellulose surfaces are highlighted.

previous article Effect of surface cationization on the conformal deposition of polyelectrolytes over cotton fibers

next article Local morphological and dimensional changes of enzyme-degraded cellulose materials measured by atomic force microscopy

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Araki J, Wada M, Kuga S (2001) Steric stabilization of a cellulose microcrystal suspension by poly(ethylene glycol) grafting. Langmuir 17:21–27

Aspeborg H, Schrader J, Coutinho PM, Stam M, Kallas A, Djerbi S, Nilsson P, Denman S, Amini B, Sterky F, Master E, Sandberg G, Mellerowicz E, Sundberg B, Henrissat B, Teeri TT (2005) Carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in the secondary cell wall biogenesis in hybrid aspen. Plant Physiol 137:983–997

Astley OM, Chanliaud E, Donald AM, Gidley MJ (2001) Structure of Acetobacter cellulose composites in the hydrated state. Int J Biol Macromol 29:193–202

Astley OM, Chanliaud E, Donald AM, Gidley MJ (2003) Tensile deformation of bacterial cellulose composites. Int J Biol Macromol 32:28–35

Baba K, Sone Y, Misaki A, Hayashi T (1994) Localization of xyloglucan in the macromolecular complex composed of xyloglucan and cellulose in pea stems. Plant Cell Physiol 35:439–444

Becnel J, Natarajan M, Kipp A, Braam J (2006) Developmental expression patterns of Arabidopsis XTH genes reported by transgenes and Genevestigator. Plant Mol Biol 61:451–467

Berry MJ, David PJ, Gidley MJ (2001) Conjugated polysaccharide fabric detergent and conditioning products. Patent No. US 6,225,462

Bollok M, Henriksson H, Kallas Å, Jahic M, Teeri TT, Enfors SO (2005) Production of poplar xyloglucan endotransglycosylase using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 126:61–77

Bonini C, Heux L, Cavaille JY, Lindner P, Dewhurst C, Terech P (2002) Rodlike cellulose whiskers coated with surfactant: a small-angle neutron scattering characterization. Langmuir 18:3311–3314

Bourquin V, Nishikubo N, Abe H, Brumer H, Denman S, Eklund M, Christiernin M, Teeri TT, Sundberg B, Mellerowicz EJ (2002) Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases have a function during the formation of secondary cell walls of vascular tissues. Plant Cell 14:3073–3088

Brumer H, Zhou Q, Baumann MJ, Carlsson K, Teeri TT (2004) Activation of crystalline cellulose surfaces through the chemoenzymatic modification of xyloglucan. J Am Chem Soc 126:5715–5721

Brummell DA (2006) Cell wall disassembly in ripening fruit. Func Plant Biol 33:103–119

Brummell DA, Harpster MH (2001) Cell wall metabolism in fruit softening and quality and its manipulation in transgenic plants. Plant Mol Biol 47:311–340

Buckeridge MS, Crombie HJ, Mendes CJM, Reid JSG, Gidley MJ, Vieira CCJ (1997) A new family of oligosaccharides from the xyloglucan of Hymenaea coubaril L. (Leguminosae) cotyledons. Carbohyd Res 303:233–237

Burgalassi S, Chetoni P, Panichi L, Boldrini E, Saettone MF (2000) Xyloglucan as a novel vehicle for timolol: pharmacokinetics and pressure lowering activity in rabbits. J Ocular Pharmacol Ther 16:497–509

Campbell P, Braam J (1999) Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases: diversity of genes, enzymes and potential wall-modifying functions. Trends Plant Sci 4:361–366

Carambassis A, Rutland MW (1999) Interactions of cellulose surfaces: effect of electrolyte. Langmuir 15:5584–5590

Carlmark A, Malmström E (2002) Atom transfer radical polymerization from cellulose fibers at ambient temperature. J Am Chem Soc 124:900–901

Carlmark A, Malmström EE (2003) ATRP grafting from cellulose fibers to create block-copolymer grafts. Biomacromolecules 4:1740–1745

Carpita N, McCann M (2000) The cell wall. In: Buchanan B, Gruissem W, Jones R (eds) Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Somerset, NJ, pp 52–108

Chambat G, Karmous M, Costes M, Picard M, Joseleau JP (2005) Variation of xyloglucan substitution pattern affects the sorption on celluloses with different degrees of crystallinity. Cellulose 12:117–125

Chanliaud E, Burrows KM, Jeronimidis G, Gidley MJ (2002) Mechanical properties of primary plant cell wall analogues. Planta 215:989–996

Chanliaud E, De Silva J, Strongitharm B, Jeronimidis G, Gidley MJ (2004) Mechanical effects of plant cell wall enzymes on cellulose/xyloglucan composites. Plant J 38:27–37

Chanliaud E, Gidley MJ (1999) In vitro synthesis and properties of pectin/Acetobacter xylinus cellulose composites. Plant J 20:25–35

Christiernin M, Henriksson G, Lindstrom ME, Brumer H, Teeri TT, Lindstrom T, Laine J (2003) The effects of xyloglucan on the properties of paper made from bleached kraft pulp. Nord Pulp Paper Res J 18:182–187

Cicortas Gunnarsson L, Zhou Q, Montanier C, Nordberg Karlsson E, Brumer H, Ohlin M (2006) Engineered xyloglucan specificity in a carbohydrate-binding module. Glycobiology 16:1171–1180

Cosgrove DJ (2005) Growth of the plant cell wall. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:850–861

Coutinho PM, Henrissat B (2006) Carbohydrate-active enzymes server, http://afmb.cnrs-mrs.fr/CAZY/

Daly WH, Evenson TS, Iacono ST, Jones RW (2001) Recent developments in cellulose grafting chemistry utilizing Barton ester intermediates and nitroxide mediation. Macromol Symp 174:155–163

Darley CP, Forrester AM, McQueen-Mason SJ (2001) The molecular basis of plant cell wall extension. Plant Mol Biol 47:179–195

de Lima DU, Buckeridge MS (2001) Interaction between cellulose and storage xyloglucans: the influence of the degree of galactosylation. Carbohyd Polym 46:157–163

Edwards M, Dea ICM, Bulpin PV, Reid JSG (1985) Xyloglucan (amyloid) mobilization in the cotyledons of Tropaeolum majus L seeds following germination. Planta 163:133–140

Edwards M, Dea ICM, Bulpin PV, Reid JSG (1986) Purification and properties of a novel xyloglucan-specific endo-(1→4)-beta-d-glucanase from germinated nasturtium seeds (Tropaeolum majus L). J Biol Chem 261:9489–9494

Eichhorn SJ, Baillie CA, Zafeiropoulos N, Mwaikambo LY, Ansell MP, Dufresne A, Entwistle KM, Herrera-Franco PJ, Escamilla GC, Groom L, Hughes M, Hill C, Rials TG, Wild PM (2001) Review: current international research into cellulosic fibres and composites. J Mater Sci 36:2107–2131

Favier V, Chanzy H, Cavaille JY (1995) Polymer nanocomposites reinforced by cellulose whiskers. Macromolecules 28:6365–6367

Feiler AA, Stiernstedt J, Theander K, Jenkins P, Rutland MW (2007) Effect of capillary condensation on friction force and adhesion. Langmuir 23:517–522

Finkenstadt VL, Hendrixson TL, Millane RP (1995) Models of xyloglucan binding to cellulose microfibrils. J Carbohyd Chem 14:601–611

Freitas RA, Martin S, Santos GL, Valenga F, Buckeridge MS, Reicher F, Sierakowski MR (2005) Physico-chemical properties of seed xyloglucans from different sources. Carbohyd Polym 60:507–514

Fry SC (1989) The structure and functions of xyloglucan. J Exp Bot 40:1–11

Fry SC (1997) Novel ‘dot-blot’ assays for glycosyltransferases and glycosylhydrolases: optimization for xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) activity. Plant J 11:1141–1150

Fry SC (2004) Primary cell wall metabolism: tracking the careers of wall polymers in living plant cells. New Phytol 161:641–675

Fry SC, Smith RC, Renwick KF, Martin DJ, Hodge SK, Matthews KJ 1992 Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase, a new wall-loosening enzyme activity from plants. Biochem J 282:821–828

Fry SC, York WS, Albersheim P, Darvill A, Hayashi T, Joseleau JP, Kato Y, Lorences EP, Maclachlan GA, McNeil M, Mort AJ, Reid JSG, Seitz HU, Selvendran RR, Voragen AGJ, White AR (1993) An unambiguous nomenclature for xyloglucan-derived oligosaccharides. Physiol Plantarum 89:1–3

Gidley MJ, Lillford PJ, Rowlands DW, Lang P, Dentini M, Crescenzi V, Edwards M, Fanutti C, Reid JSG (1991) Structure and solution properties of tamarind seed polysaccharide. Carbohyd Res 214:299–314

Gousse C, Chanzy H, Excoffier G, Soubeyrand L, Fleury E (2002) Stable suspensions of partially silylated cellulose whiskers dispersed in organic solvents. Polymer 43:2645–2651

Greffe L, Bessueille L, Bulone V, Brumer H (2005) Synthesis, preliminary characterization, and application of novel surfactants from highly branched xyloglucan oligosaccharides. Glycobiology 15:437–445

Grishutin SG, Gusakov AV, Markov AV, Ustinov BB, Semenova MV, Sinitsyn AP (2004) Specific xyloglucanases as a new class of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta-Gen Subj 1674:268–281

Grunert M, Winter WT (2002) Nanocomposites of cellulose acetate butyrate reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. J Polym Environ 10:27–30

Gustavsson MT, Persson PV, Iversen T, Martinelle M, Hult K, Teeri TT, Brumer H (2005) Modification of cellulose fiber surfaces by use of a lipase and a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase. Biomacromolecules 6:196–203

Hanus J, Mazeau K (2006) The xyloglucan–cellulose assembly at the atomic scale. Biopolymers 82:59–73

Hawker CJ, Wooley KL (2005) The convergence of synthetic organic and polymer chemistries. Science 309:1200–1205

Hayashi T, Maclachlan G (1984) Pea xyloglucan and cellulose. 1. macromolecular organization. Plant Physiol 75:596–604

Hayashi T, Marsden MPF, Delmer DP (1987) Pea xyloglucan and cellulose. 5. xyloglucan-cellulose interactions in vitro and in vivo. Plant Physiol 83:384–389

Hayashi T, Ogawa K, Mitsuishi Y (1994a) Characterization of the adsorption of xyloglucan to cellulose. Plant Cell Physiol 35:1199–1205

Hayashi T, Takeda T, Ogawa K, Mitsuishi Y (1994b) Effects of the degree of polymerization on the binding of xyloglucans to cellulose. Plant Cell Physiol 35:893–899

Helenius G, Backdahl H, Bodin A, Nannmark U, Gatenholm P, Risberg B (2006) In vivo biocompatibility of bacterial cellulose. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 76A:431–438

Henrissat B, Davies G (1997) Structural and sequence-based classification of glycoside hydrolases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 7:637–644

Heux L, Chauve G, Bonini C (2000) Nonflocculating and chiral-nematic self-ordering of cellulose microcrystals suspensions in nonpolar solvents. Langmuir 16:8210–8212

Hoffman M, Jia ZH, Peña MJ, Cash M, Harper A, Blackburn AR, Darvill A, York WS (2005) Structural analysis of xyloglucans in the primary cell walls of plants in the subclass Asteridae. Carbohyd Res 340:1826–1840

Imai T, Sugiyama J (1998) Nanodomains of I-alpha and I-beta cellulose in algal microfibrils. Macromolecules 31:6275–6279

Iwamoto S, Nakagaito AN, Yano H, Nogi M (2005) Optically transparent composites reinforced with plant fiber-based nanofibers. Appl Phys A-Mater Sci Process 81:1109–1112

Jia ZH, Cash M, Darvill AG, York WS (2005) NMR characterization of endogenously O-acetylated oligosaccharides isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) xyloglucan. Carbohyd Res 340:1818–1825

Johansson P, Brumer H, Baumann MJ, Kallas ÅM, Henriksson H, Denman SE, Teeri TT, Jones TA (2004) Crystal structures of a poplar xyloglucan endotransglycosylase reveal details of transglycosylation acceptor binding. Plant Cell 16:874–886

Kajiwara K, Mimura M (1996) Conformation analysis of oligosaccharides. Cellulose Commun 3:18–22

Kallas ÅM, Piens K, Denman SE, Henriksson H, Fäldt J, Johansson P, Brumer III H, Teeri TT (2005) Enzymatic properties of native and deglycosylated hybrid aspen xyloglucan endotransglycosylase 16A expressed in Pichia pastoris. Biochem J 390:105–113

Kalum L (1998) Enzymic stone-wash appearance of denim obtained by a process using xyloglucan/xyloglucanase. Patent No. WO 9849387

Klemm D, Heublein B, Fink HP, Bohn A (2005) Cellulose: fascinating biopolymer and sustainable raw material. Angew Chem-Int Edit 44:3358–3393

Klemm D, Schumann D, Udhardt U, Marsch S (2001) Bacterial synthesized cellulose—artificial blood vessels for microsurgery. Prog Polym Sci 26:1561–1603

Kooiman P (1960) On the occurence of amyloids in plant seeds. Acta Bot Neerl 9:208–219

Lang P, Kajiwara K (1993) Investigations of the architecture of tamarind seed polysaccharide in aqueous solution by different scattering techniques. J Biomat Sci Polym Ed 4:517–528

Lang P, Masci G, Dentini M, Crescenzi V, Cooke D, Gidley MJ, Fanutti C, Reid JSG (1992) Tamarind seed polysaccharide—preparation, characterization and solution properties of carboxylated, sulfated and alkylaminated derivatives. Carbohyd Polym 17:185–198

Levy S, Maclachlan G, Staehelin LA (1997) Xyloglucan sidechains modulate binding to cellulose during in vitro binding assays as predicted by conformational dynamics simulations. Plant J 11:373–386

Levy S, York WS, Stuikeprill R, Meyer B, Staehelin LA (1991) Simulations of the static and dynamic molecular conformations of xyloglucan—the role of the fucosylated side-chain in surface-specific side-chain folding. Plant J 1:195–215

Lima DU, Loh W, Buckeridge MS (2004) Xyloglucan–cellulose interaction depends on the sidechains and molecular weight of xyloglucan. Plant Physiol Biochem 42:389–394

Lima DU, Oliveira RC, Buckeridge MS (2003) Seed storage hemicelluloses as wet-end additives in papermaking. Carbohyd Polym 52:367–373

Lindqvist J, Malmström E (2006) Surface modification of natural substrates by atom transfer radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 100:4155–4162

Ljungberg N, Bonini C, Bortolussi F, Boisson C, Heux L, Cavaille JY (2005) New nanocomposite materials reinforced with cellulose whiskers in atactic polypropylene: effect of surface and dispersion characteristics. Biomacromolecules 6:2732–2739

Lönnberg H, Zhou Q, Brumer H, Teeri TT, Malmström E, Hult A (2006) Grafting of cellulose fibers with poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and poly(l-lactic acid) via ring-opening polymerization. Biomacromolecules 7:2178–2185

Martin S, Freitas RA, Obayashi E, Sierakowski MR (2003) Physico-chemical aspects of galactoxyloglucan from the seeds of Hymenaea courbaril and its tetraborate complex. Carbohyd Polym 54:287–295

Martinez-Fleites C, Guerreiro CIPD, Baumann MJ, Taylor EJ, Prates JAM, Ferreira LMA, Fontes CMGA, Brumer H, Davies GJ (2006) Crystal structures of Clostridium thermocellum xyloglucanase, XGH74A, reveal the structural basis for xyloglucan recognition and degradation. J Biol Chem 281:24922–24933

McDougall GJ, Fry SC (1988) Inhibition of auxin-stimulated growth of pea stem segments by a specific nonasaccharide of xyloglucan. Planta 175:412–416

McDougall GJ, Fry SC (1990) Xyloglucan oligosaccharides promote growth and activate cellulase—evidence for a role of cellulase in cell expansion. Plant Physiol 93:1042–1048

Michel G, Chantalat L, Duee E, Barbeyron T, Henrissat B, Kloareg B, Dideberg O (2001) The kappa-carrageenase of P. carrageenovora features a tunnel-shaped active site: a novel insight in the evolution of clan-B glycoside hydrolases. Structure 9:513–525

Millane RP (1992) Molecular and crystal structures of polysaccharides with cellulosic backbones. Frontiers Carbohyd Res 2:168–190

Miyamoto T, Takahashi S, Ito H, Inagaki H, Noishiki Y (1989) Tissue biocompatibility of cellulose and its derivatives. J Biomed Mater Res 23:125–133

Miyazaki S, Endo K, Kawasaki N, Kubo W, Watanabe H, Attwood D (2003) Oral sustained delivery of paracetamol from in situ gelling xyloglucan formulations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 29:113–119

Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal LT (2001) Surface modifications of natural fibers and performance of the resulting biocomposites: an overview. Compos Interfaces 8:313–343

Mohanty AK, Misra M, Hinrichsen G (2000) Biofibres, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites: an overview. Macromol Mater Eng 276:1–24

Morris S, Hanna S, Miles MJ (2004) The self-assembly of plant cell wall components by single-molecule force spectroscopy and Monte Carlo modelling. Nanotechnology 15:1296–1301

Nakagaito AN, Yano H (2005) Novel high-strength biocomposites based on microfibrillated cellulose having nano-order-unit web-like network structure. Appl Phys A-Mater Sci Process 80:155–159

Nisbet DR, Crompton KE, Hamilton SD, Shirakawa S, Prankerd RJ, Finkelstein DI, Horne MK, Forsythe JS (2006) Morphology and gelation of thermosensitive xyloglucan hydrogels. Biophys Chem 121:14–20

Nishinari K, Kim B, Fang YP, Nitta Y, Takemasa M (2006) Rheological and related study of gelation of xyloglucan in the presence of small molecules and other polysaccharides. Cellulose 13:365–374

Nishitani K (1992) A novel method for detection of endoxyloglucan transferase. Plant Cell Physiol 33:1159–1164

Nishitani K, Tominaga R (1992) Endoxyloglucan transferase, a novel class of glycosyltransferase that catalyzes transfer of a segment of xyloglucan molecule to another xyloglucan molecule. J Biol Chem 267:21058–21064

Nyström D, Lindqvist J, Östmark E, Hult A, Malmström E (2006) Superhydrophobic bio-fibre surfaces via tailored grafting architecture. Chem Commun 3594–3596

Ogawa K, Hayashi T, Okamura K (1990) Conformational analysis of xyloglucans. Int J Biol Macromol 12:218–222

Pandey JK, Kumar AP, Misra M, Mohanty AK, Drzal LT, Singh RP (2005) Recent advances in biodegradable nanocomposites. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 5:497–526

Pauly M, Albersheim P, Darvill A, York WS (1999a) Molecular domains of the cellulose/xyloglucan network in the cell walls of higher plants. Plant J 20:629–639

Pauly M, Andersen LN, Kauppinen S, Kofod LV, York WS, Albersheim P, Darvill A (1999b) A xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase from Aspergillus aculeatus: expression cloning in yeast, purification and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. Glycobiology 9:93–100

Picard C, Gruza J, Derouet C, Renard C, Mazeau K, Koca J, Imberty A, du Penhoat CH (2000) A conformational study of the xyloglucan oligomer, XXXG, by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Biopolymers 54:11–26

Popper ZA, Fry SC (2003) Primary cell wall composition of bryophytes and charophytes. Ann Bot 91:1–12

Popper ZA, Fry SC (2004) Primary cell wall composition of pteridophytes and spermatophytes. New Phytol 164:165–174

Priem B, Chambat G, Ruel K, Joseleau JP (1997) Use of the avidin–biotin complex for specific immobilization of xyloglucan polysaccharides. J Carbohyd Chem 16:625–633

Puhlmann J, Bucheli E, Swain MJ, Dunning N, Albersheim P, Darvill AG, Hahn MG (1994) Generation of monoclonal-antibodies against plant cell wall polysaccharides. 1. Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to a terminal alpha-(1- 2)-linked fucosyl-containing epitope. Plant Physiol 104:699–710

Rao PS, Srivastava HC (1973) Tamarind. In: BeMiller JN (ed) Industrial gums—polysaccharides and their derivatives. Academic Press, New York, pp 369–411

Reiter WD (2002) Biosynthesis and properties of the plant cell wall. Curr Opin Plant Biol 5:536–542

Ren YL, Picout DR, Ellis PR, Ross-Murphy SB (2004) Solution properties of the xyloglucan polymer from Afzelia africana. Biomacromolecules 5:2384–2391

Rose JKC, Bennett AB (1999) Cooperative disassembly of the cellulose-xyloglucan network of plant cell walls: parallels between cell expansion and fruit ripening. Trends Plant Sci 4:176–183

Rose JKC, Braam J, Fry SC, Nishitani K (2002) The XTH family of enzymes involved in xyloglucan endotransglucosylation and endohydrolysis: current perspectives and a new unifying nomenclature. Plant Cell Physiol 43:1421–1435

Roy D, Guthrie JT, Perrier S (2005) Graft polymerization: grafting poly(styrene) from cellulose via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Macromolecules 38:10363–10372

Rutland MW, Carambassis A, Willing GA, Neuman RD (1997) Surface force measurements between cellulose surfaces using scanning probe microscopy. Colloid Surf A-Physicochem Eng Asp 123:369–374

Samir M, Alloin F, Dufresne A (2005) Review of recent research into cellulosic whiskers, their properties and their application in nanocomposite field. Biomacromolecules 6:612–626

Sassi JF, Chanzy H (1995) Ultrastructural aspects of the acetylation of cellulose. Cellulose 2:111–127

Sassi JF, Tekely P, Chanzy H (2000) Relative susceptibility of the I-alpha and I-beta phases of cellulose towards acetylation. Cellulose 7:119–132

Saura-Valls M, Faure R, Ragas S, Piens K, Brumer H, Teeri TT, Cottaz S, Driguez H, Planas A (2006) Kinetic analysis using low-molecular mass xyloglucan oligosaccharides defines the catalytic mechanism of a Populus xyloglucan endotransglycosylase. Biochem J 395:99–106

Shankaracharya NB (1998) Tamarind—chemistry, technology and uses—a critical appraisal. J Food Sci Tech 35:193–208

Shipp DA (2005) Living radical polymerization: controlling molecular size and chemical functionality in vinyl polymers. J Macromol Sci-Polym Rev C45:171–194

Shirakawa M, Yamatoya K, Nishinari K (1998) Tailoring of xyloglucan properties using an enzyme. Food Hydrocolloid 12:25–28

Sims IM, Gane AM, Dunstan D, Allan GC, Boger DV, Melton LD, Bacic A (1998) Rheological properties of xyloglucans from different plant species. Carbohyd Polym 37:61–69

Sims IM, Munro SLA, Currie G, Craik D, Bacic A (1996) Structural characterisation of xyloglucan secreted by suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Carbohyd Res 293:147–172

Stiernstedt J, Brumer H, Zhou Q, Teeri TT, Rutland MW (2006a) Friction between cellulose surfaces and effect of xyloglucan adsorption. Biomacromolecules 7:2147–2153

Stiernstedt J, Nordgren N, Wågberg L, Brumer H, Gray DG, Rutland MW (2006b) Friction and forces between cellulose model surfaces: a comparison. J Coll Int Sci 303:117–123

Taylor IEP, Atkins EDT (1985) X-ray diffraction studies on the xyloglucan from tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed. FEBS Lett 181:300–302

Teeri TT, Brumer H (2003) Method for the modification of polymeric carbohydrate materials. Patent No. WO 03/033813

Thompson DS (2005) How do cell walls regulate plant growth? J Exp Bot 56:2275–2285

Umemura M, Yuguchi Y (2005) Conformational folding of xyloglucan side chains in aqueous solution from molecular dynamics simulation. Carbohyd Res 340:2520–2532

Urakawa H, Mimura M, Kajiwara K (2002) Diversity and versatility of plant seed xyloglucan. Trends Glycosci Glycotechnol 14:355–376

Valent BS, Albersheim P (1974) The structure of plant cell walls. 5. On the binding of xyloglucan to cellulose fibers. Plant Physiol 54:105–108CrossRef

Vanzin GF, Madson M, Carpita NC, Raikhel NV, Keegstra K, Reiter WD (2002) The mur2 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana lacks fucosylated xyloglucan because of a lesion in fucosyltransferase AtFUT1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:3340–3345

Vincken JP, Beldman G, Voragen AGJ (1997a) Substrate specificity of endoglucanases: what determines xyloglucanase activity? Carbohyd Res 298:299–310

Vincken JP, York WS, Beldman G, Voragen AGJ (1997b) Two general branching patterns of xyloglucan, XXXG and XXGG. Plant Physiol 114:9–13

Vincken JP, Dekeizer A, Beldman G, Voragen AGJ (1995) Fractionation of xyloglucan fragments and their interaction with cellulose. Plant Physiol 108:1579–1585

Vissenberg K, Fry SC, Verbelen JP (2001) Root hair initiation is coupled to a highly localized increase of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase action in Arabidopsis roots. Plant Physiol 127:1125–1135

Vissenberg K, Van Sandt V, Fry SC, Verbelen JP (2003) Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase action is high in the root elongation zone and in the trichoblasts of all vascular plants from Selaginella to Zea mays. J Exp Bot 54:335–344

Wan WK, Hutter JL, Millon L, Guhados G (2006) Bacterial cellulose and its nanocomposites for biomedical applications. In: Cellulose nanocomposites: processing, characterization, and properties. ACS Symposium Series, vol 938, pp 221–241

Wang Q, Ellis PR, Ross-Murphy SB, Burchard W (1997) Solution characteristics of the xyloglucan extracted from Detarium senegalense Gmelin. Carbohyd Polym 33:115–124

Whitney SEC, Brigham JE, Darke AH, Reid JSG, Gidley MJ (1998) Structural aspects of the interaction of mannan-based polysaccharides with bacterial cellulose. Carbohyd Res 307:299–309

Whitney SEC, Gothard MGE, Mitchell JT, Gidley MJ (1999) Roles of cellulose and xyloglucan in determining the mechanical properties of primary plant cell walls. Plant Physiol 121:657–663

Whittaker JW (2003) Free radical catalysis by galactose oxidase. Chem Rev 103:2347–2363

Yamanaka S, Mimira M, Urakawa H, Kajiwara K, Shirakawa M, Yamatoya K (1999) Conformation of tamarind seed xyloglucan oligomers. Sen’i Gakkaishi 55:590–596

Yamatoya K, Shirakawa M (2003) Xyloglucan: structure, rheological properties, biological functions and enzymatic modification. Curr Trends Polym Sci 8:27–72

Yan HW, Lindström T, Christiernin M (2006) Some ways to decrease fibre suspension flocculation and improve sheet formation. Nord Pulp Paper Res J 21:36–43

Yano H, Sugiyama J, Nakagaito AN, Nogi M, Matsuura T, Hikita M, Handa K (2005) Optically transparent composites reinforced with networks of bacterial nanofibers. Adv Mater 17:153–155

Yaoi K, Kondo H, Noro N, Suzuki M, Tsuda S, Mitsuishi Y (2004) Tandem repeat of a seven-bladed beta-propeller domain in oligoxyloglucan reducing-end-specific cellobiohydrolase. Structure 12:1209–1217

Yokoyama R, Nishitani K (2001) A comprehensive expression analysis of all members of a gene family encoding cell-wall enzymes allowed us to predict cis-regulatory regions involved in cell-wall construction in specific organs of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Physiol 42:1025–1033

Yokoyama R, Rose JKC, Nishitani K (2004) A surprising diversity and abundance of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases in rice. Classification and expression analysis. Plant Physiol 134:1088–1099

Yoo MK, Choi HK, Kim TH, Choi YJ, Akaike T, Shirakawa M, Cho CS (2005) Drug release from xyloglucan beads coated with Eudragit for oral drug delivery. Arch Pharm Res 28:736–742

York WS, Harvey LK, Guillen R, Albersheim P, Darvill AG (1993) The structure of plant cell walls. 36. Structural-analysis of tamarind seed xyloglucan oligosaccharides using beta-galactosidase digestion and spectroscopic methods. Carbohyd Res 248:285–301

York WS, Kolli VSK, Orlando R, Albersheim P, Darvill AG (1996) The structures of arabinoxyloglucans produced by solanaceous plants. Carbohyd Res 285:99–128

York WS, Vanhalbeek H, Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1990) The structure of plant cell walls. 29. Structural analysis of xyloglucan oligosaccharides by H-1-NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Carbohyd Res 200:9–31

Yuguchi Y, Fujiwara T, Miwa H, Shrirakawa M, Yajima H (2005a) Color formation and gelation of xyloglucan upon addition of iodine solutions. Macromol Rapid Commun 26:1315–1319

Yuguchi Y, Hirotsu T, Hosokawa J (2005b) Structural characteristics of xyloglucan—congo red aggregates as observed by small angle X-ray scattering. Cellulose 12:469–477

Zhou Q, Baumann MJ, Brumer H, Teeri TT (2006a) The influence of surface chemical composition on the adsorption of xyloglucan to chemical and mechanical pulps. Carbohyd Polym 63:449–458

Zhou Q, Baumann MJ, Piispanen PS, Teeri TT, Brumer H (2006b) Xyloglucan and xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases (XET): tools for ex vivo cellulose surface modification. Biocatal Biotransform 24:107–120

Zhou Q, Greffe L, Baumann MJ, Malmström E, Teeri TT, Brumer III H (2005) The use of xyloglucan as a molecular anchor for the elaboration of polymers from cellulose surfaces: a general route for the design of biocomposites. Macromolecules 38:3547–3549

Zykwinska AW, Ralet MCJ, Garnier CD, Thibault JFJ (2005) Evidence for in vitro binding of pectin side chains to cellulose. Plant Physiol 139:397–407

Title: Xyloglucan in cellulose modification
Authors: Qi Zhou
Mark W. Rutland
Tuula T. Teeri
Harry Brumer
Publication date: 01-12-2007
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: Cellulose / Issue 6/2007
Print ISSN: 0969-0239
Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-007-9109-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 6/2007

Fiber nanotechnology: a new platform for “green” research and technological innovations

PEGylation of chitosan for improved solubility and fiber formation via electrospinning

Local morphological and dimensional changes of enzyme-degraded cellulose materials measured by atomic force microscopy

Cellulose microfibrils from banana farming residues: isolation and characterization

Effect of surface cationization on the conformal deposition of polyelectrolytes over cotton fibers

Consequences of the nanoporosity of cellulosic fibers on their streaming potential and their interactions with cationic polyelectrolytes