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2024 | Buch

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Energy Justice

Affordable, Reliable, Sustainable and Modern Energy for All

herausgegeben von: Adnan Trakic, Ridoan Karim, Pervaiz K. Ahmed

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Buchreihe : Sustainable Development Goals Series

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Über dieses Buch

This book delves into the pressing issue of energy justice as it relates to SDG 7 and its far-reaching implications for society. With a comprehensive exploration of various aspects, from reducing energy burdens to political considerations, environmental justice, and human rights, this thought-provoking collection of chapters offers a profound understanding of the challenges and potential solutions surrounding energy justice.

Starting with an introduction to the concept of energy justice and its significance, the editors lay the groundwork for an engaging discourse. The book then delves into the disproportionate energy burdens faced by low-income communities, shedding light on the difficult choices they must make to meet their basic needs. It further examines the intricate interplay between energy justice, politics, and environmental concerns, striving to find a harmonious balance.

Drawing from a diverse range of perspectives, the chapters explore the intersection of energy justice with human rights, analyzing its implications for countries worldwide. The book also investigates the influence of disruptive events on renewable energy programs, presents an Islamic perspective on energy justice, and highlights the roles of the financial sector, fossil fuel industry, nuclear energy sector, and energy technology innovation in mitigating energy injustice.

Chapter 'The Role of the Financial Sector in Energy Justice' is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Fundamentals of Energy Justice

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Energy Justice: What is It and Why It Matters?

Abstract

This chapter explores the concept of energy justice and its importance in today’s energy landscape. It highlights the global climate crisis and the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions, referencing the United Nations’ call to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 for affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Energy justice is built on three principles: distributive justice (equitable distribution of energy resources), procedural justice (inclusive participation in energy decisions), and recognition justice (addressing the needs of vulnerable groups). By establishing a foundation for the book, this chapter sets the stage for further discussions on the multifaceted aspects of energy justice, guiding readers toward a more inclusive and sustainable energy future.

Adnan Trakic, Ridoan Karim, Pervaiz K. Ahmed

Chapter 2. Energy Justice and Human Rights

Abstract

The UN aspires to ensure—through Goal 7 of the SDGs—that all major aspects of shared prosperity among the world population are further enhanced by having access to clean, affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy. By 2030, approximately between 2 and 3 billion people will have to rely on unsustainable fuels and technologies. Accordingly, this chapter aims to examine access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy, which is the key to the development of all other aspects of having a habitable life guaranteed under most of the constitutions as a ‘right to life’. It argues that although there is no explicit mention of ‘energy justice’ as ‘human rights’ in international human rights conventions, there exists a ‘subtle connection’ between the ‘right to life’—guaranteed under numerous international conventions as well as most of the constitutions—and ‘access to energy’ which requires special attention from all stakeholders.

Muhamad Hassan Ahmad, Ashgar Ali Ali Mohamed, Mohamed Hanipa Maidin, Mohammad Naqib Eishan Jan

Chapter 3. Does Energy Justice Trump Environmental Justice?

Abstract

Transitioning towards renewable energy sources is imperative to combat climate change and promote sustainable development. This transition requires policies focusing on reducing carbon emissions and enhancing energy efficiency. Intertwined with environmental justice, energy justice emphasises equitable access to affordable and reliable energy. However, achieving this balance poses challenges, especially in reconciling environmental preservation with societal energy needs. This chapter explores the nexus between energy justice and environmental justice, elucidating their shared objectives and distinct focuses. Through discussions on clean energy development, it emphasises the importance of incorporating both perspectives into energy system strategies. Although renewable energy sources offer significant potential for combating climate change and its effects, addressing distinct environmental concerns associated with different types of renewable energy projects is crucial to ensure their sustainable and responsible deployment to avoid compromising environmental justice in meeting energy needs.

Maizatun Mustafa, Farahdilah Ghazali

Solutions and Strategies for Energy Justice

Frontmatter

Chapter 4. Patterns of Global Disparities in Access to Electricity and Clean Cooking Fuels

Abstract

Access to modern energy sources is a crucial aspect of energy justice. Utilizing data from 66 countries, covering over 1.67 million households from the Demographic and Health Survey, I provide insights into the percentage of households with access to modern energy sources. The findings underscore persistent challenges in accessing electricity and clean cooking fuels, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Subsequently, I explore the association between socioeconomic status, rural residence, education and the gender of household heads with access to these two energy sources. Socioeconomic status and urban location are significant correlates of access to modern energy sources, even when comparing households within the same regions in the country. Additionally, households led by more educated individuals and women exhibit higher rates of using modern energy sources, highlighting the importance of education and gender in promoting energy access and equity.

Rajesh Ramachandran

Chapter 5. Exploring the Dynamics of Access to Electricity and Educational Outcomes in Asia

Abstract

This chapter explores the impact of electricity access on socio-economic development, with a particular focus on educational outcomes in India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Access to energy is a significant determinant of education outcomes, and there has been a substantial increase in electricity access within the region from the 1980s to 2023. Utilising data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Demographic and Health Surveys, the study examines how increased electrification has influenced educational attainment across different socio-economic groups. Findings indicate improvements in both electricity access and educational achievements, particularly among lower-income households and women. However, the analysis highlights the need for further research to establish causal relationships and consider the broader socio-economic and policy contexts. This work underscores the importance of equitable energy distribution in fostering sustainable development and addressing educational disparities.

Pauline Khoo

Chapter 6. Hydrogen Exports and Energy Justice: the Case for Australia

Abstract

Significant research, funding and advocacy by government and industry in favour of hydrogen technologies saw investment in Australia almost double between 2021 and 2022 to A$230–303 billion. However, in late 2023, Australia still had no hydrogen producing facilities, while renewable energy contributed 35.9% of electricity generation in 2022. Contrast this support for hydrogen with Bruce Pascoe’s book Dark Emu (2014) which presents material on Australia’s First Nations people, whose sustainable agriculture and aquaculture activities were evident before British colonisation. Pascoe’s book proffers a need for reflection on the use of natural resources. The need for respect raises the energy justice concept as the push for hydrogen gains traction. This chapter uses a targeted desktop review of the literature and the frame of energy justice theory, including its tenets of recognition, restorative, distributive and cosmopolitan justice, to query whether large-scale hydrogen production is a reasonable path for a just transition.

Diane Kraal, Richard Taylor

Chapter 7. It is Time to Address Nuclear Energy Injustices

Abstract

The concepts of “energy justice” and “sustainable development” are pivotal in global policy discussions. Despite the shift towards renewable energy, these sources cannot yet meet global demands affordably. Nuclear technology, with decades of scientific progress, offers a reliable alternative. Innovations like small modular reactors (SMRs) and nuclear fusion have improved safety and environmental impact. However, limited discussions and consensus on nuclear energy as a clean energy source raise questions about its role in sustainable development. Negative public perception, rooted in historical injustices, hinders its acceptance. To address this, deliberate actions are needed to rectify past injustices associated with nuclear power. Sustainable nuclear energy development requires a balanced approach, considering both benefits and drawbacks while adhering to distributional, procedural, and recognition justice principles.

Ridoan Karim

Open Access

Chapter 8. The Role of the Financial Sector in Energy Justice

Abstract

As the twenty-first century is characterised by a growing awareness of climate change and environmental degradation, the financial sector has started to channel funds into more sustainable energy investments. Therefore, this chapter provides a comprehensive and engaging exploration of how the financial sector, along with financial institutions and financial innovation, can be a powerful ally in the pursuit of energy justice. Furthermore, this chapter presents how financial institutions, instruments, and innovations play a crucial role in shaping sustainable energy systems. Therefore, policymakers, financial institutions, and energy companies need to work together to create regulatory frameworks and investment strategies for the global energy transition. This will not only fulfil economic or environmental but also moral requirements to ensure a just and sustainable future for all generations.

Mirzet Šeho, Sabina Hodžić

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Chapter 9. The Role of Energy Technology Innovation in Solving Energy Injustice

Abstract

This chapter examines the dynamic interplay of energy technology innovation and energy justice, addressing the global challenge of energy injustice. It begins by defining energy injustice, identifying its key forms as distributive, procedural, and recognition injustices, and demonstrating their global prevalence through examples and statistics. The narrative then shifts to consider how advances in renewable energy technologies, machine learning applications, and smart grid optimizations can address these injustices. Case studies support the role of renewable energy in rural electrification and alleviating energy poverty. The transformative potential of machine learning in improving the efficiency and adaptability of renewable energy systems and smart grids is investigated, acknowledging the challenges and ethical concerns. The chapter concludes with a debate on the intersection of energy technology innovation and energy justice, emphasizing equitable access and distribution of energy resources, supported by policy recommendations, to ensure an inclusive energy transition necessary for sustainable development and equity.

Manjeevan Seera

Chapter 10. How to Tax Our Way to Energy Justice

Abstract

The purpose of the chapter is to discuss some of the legal issues that currently make many tax systems not entirely suitable to support what is commonly known as the eco- or green transition. The legal analysis focuses on certain concepts, particularly those of horizontal equity and neutrality, which were originally conceived from a predominantly economic perspective and should now be reviewed from a partially different point of view in order to provide a more holistic meaning. The theory underlying the present contribution is that the idea that two persons may be treated differently for tax purposes on the basis of how much they pollute, even if their economic situation is similar, should be elevated to the rank of constitutional value. Its objective is to elaborate conceptual solutions that can subsequently be used as a general model and commencement for reforms either in or outside the EU itself.

Francesco Cannas

Unique Perspectives and Case Studies

Frontmatter

Chapter 11. Islamic Approach to Energy Justice

Abstract

The Islamic approach to energy justice is rooted in principles like stewardship, justice, and moderation that guide consumer and producer behaviour in reducing and eliminating waste and promoting conservation. Insight into a few principles facilitates understanding how Islam inspires individuals to establish energy justice. The Muslim world has the potential to exemplify the attainment of energy justice, but challenges like frequent conflicts and a sheer lack of cooperation hinder constructive progress. Nevertheless, grassroots efforts in some communities exemplify the Islamic way to energy justice through upholding Islamic notions of consumption and production. Namely, society shall balance consumption habits, optimise resource usage, minimise waste, and uphold environmental stewardship. Likewise, production in Islam demands the lawful only and necessary needs fulfilment, thereby emphasising long-term sustainability. The Islamic approach to energy justice in this chapter exhibits the need for greater awareness among all stakeholders and ignites action through upholding universally appealing Islamic teachings.

Jasmin Omercic

Chapter 12. Challenges in Addressing Energy Injustice in ASEAN

Abstract

The phrase energy justice has become the buzzword in international human rights law. The central theme of energy justice is essentially attaining and securing equality between social, economic and political participation in the energy system. Ergo, this chapter seeks to critically discuss the ongoing challenges faced by ASEAN in confronting energy injustices in the region. It also ventures into the discussion of the theory or concept of energy justice. In discussing the electrification process in ASEAN, this chapter also examines the development and the challenges of such a process in almost each and every state in ASEAN. Given the status of Singapore as a developed nation, it is deliberately excluded from the discussion. The demand for ASEAN to swiftly shift into renewable energy has been growing day by day. At the end of the day, ASEAN’s enormous challenge is its huge dilemma in picking and choosing between two major priorities: either to succumb to international pressures by completely moving to renewable energy thus disregarding the people’s plight or to stick and maintain the status quo by absolutely ignoring such international pressures.

Mohamed Hanipa Maidin

Chapter 13. Efficacy of Citizen Suits Against Energy Polluters in the USA

Abstract

Energy production is all but a necessity in the modern world. The energy needs of the USA are largely met by coal-fired plants. These operations generate significant amounts of waste. In attempting to resolve environmental harms from these enterprises, citizens in the USA are able to bring the matter before the courts, but how effective are such lawsuits? Dozens of cases have come before the courts, and commentators publish on the state of the law regarding environmental statutes and their interpretation. This paper specifically describes three major statutes—the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act—and studies how citizen suits fared in the courts. Ultimately, it concludes that the statutes’ provisions, which preserve the right to common law remedies available to citizens against environmental polluters, may be the most effective part of each statute in protecting the environment.

Julio C. Colón

Chapter 14. Examining the Paradoxical Nexus: Energy Justice Amidst Australia’s Growing Fossil Fuel Exports and Its Implications for Climate Justice

Abstract

Australia’s vast renewable energy potential positions it well for a clean energy revolution. Historically, however, the government has prioritised fossil fuel industries, thereby impeding the development of effective climate change policies and emission reduction efforts. Recent policy initiatives to increase renewable energy production, promote the transition to clean energy, and advance energy justice. Nevertheless, Australia's continued export of fossil fuels raises substantial concerns regarding climate justice, particularly for the vulnerable Pacific Island nations. This chapter critically examines the inconsistencies in Australia's climate policies and fossil fuel export strategies, assessing their implications through the frameworks of climate and energy justice. It highlights the detrimental impacts on Pacific Island countries, while also considering the perspective that Australia's fossil fuel exports contribute to energy access in the Asia–Pacific region. The discussion highlights the intricate interplay between economic interests, energy justice, and climate considerations, providing insights into the multifaceted challenges of pursuing sustainable development.

Evgeny Guglyuvatyy

Chapter 15. The Energy Injustice of the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

This chapter explores the energy injustices faced by the Orang Asli, the indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia. Despite their rich cultural heritage and historical significance, the Orang Asli endure severe socio-economic marginalisation, exacerbated by inadequate access to energy. This energy poverty starkly contrasts with Malaysia’s status as a major energy producer. The chapter highlights how energy justice, which advocates for equitable access to energy resources and technologies, is crucial for addressing the disparities faced by the Orang Asli. Key issues include the impact of land ownership disputes, palm oil plantations, and hydropower projects on their livelihoods and rights. The transition to renewable energy presents both opportunities and challenges, as it must be managed to avoid further marginalising the Orang Asli. The chapter calls for inclusive energy policies that reduce the energy burden on marginalised communities, ensuring their active participation in energy justice discussions. By integrating the perspectives and traditional knowledge of the Orang Asli, Malaysia can develop sustainable and equitable energy solutions that respect their human rights and cultural integrity. Achieving energy justice for the Orang Asli involves not only providing reliable electricity but also recognising their role in a sustainable future and ensuring their rights are upheld in the transition to green energy.

Audrey K. L. Siah, Lilian M. L. Chan, Grace H. Y. Lee

Findings and Recommendations

Frontmatter

Chapter 16. Building a Just Energy Future: Findings and Recommendations

Abstract

This chapter presents an ethical framework for achieving energy justice, summarising key points from earlier chapters. It explores the link between energy access and human rights, energy and environmental justice, and social and economic factors influencing energy access. The framework emphasises integrating technological innovations, financial mechanisms and regulatory frameworks to ensure fair access to clean and affordable energy. A comprehensive approach is advocated, considering socio-economic conditions, technological advancements and political influences, supported by robust regulations, financial incentives and societal values. This approach aims to ensure energy security, affordability and climate justice, promoting a fair and sustainable energy future. The chapter provides guidance for policymakers, researchers and practitioners to navigate the complex landscape of energy justice and contribute to a just energy transition.

Adnan Trakic, Ridoan Karim, Pervaiz K. Ahmed

Titel: Energy Justice
herausgegeben von: Adnan Trakic
Ridoan Karim
Pervaiz K. Ahmed
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN: 978-981-9760-59-6
Print ISBN: 978-981-9760-58-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6059-6