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2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Environmental Arsenic Exposure and Human Health Risk

verfasst von : Anindita Mitra, Soumya Chatterjee, Dharmendra K. Gupta

Erschienen in: Arsenic Water Resources Contamination

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic through contaminated water used for drinking, cooking, and irrigation of crops. Presence of significantly elevated levels of arsenic (exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a provisional value of 10 μg/L) in food or drinking water has been documented from many parts of the world. Chronic exposure to the element is a major global public health issue. Clinical symptoms of acute arsenic poisoning include muscular weakness and muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Arsenic-associated chronic poisoning leads to diseases like cancers, skin lesions, diabetes, hypertension, etc. Arsenic is a potent genotoxic agent for animals and humans that can damage DNA, induces chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange and micronuclei formations. Extensive research on the biological mechanisms underlying arsenic-associated disease suggests that among a number of cellular mechanisms, epigenetic modifications (altered DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histone modification) are underpinned by arsenic exposure. Evidence support that inorganic arsenic is an epigenetic modulator of genes as it can alter enzymatic activity of DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that are associated with cellular growth and immune response. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the possible sources of arsenic exposure to humans, and effects on metabolic pathways and related health issues. Additionally, epigenetic modification underlying arsenic-associated changes and their role in arsenic-induced toxicity are also discussed.

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Titel: Environmental Arsenic Exposure and Human Health Risk
verfasst von: Anindita Mitra
Soumya Chatterjee
Dharmendra K. Gupta
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Arsenic Water Resources Contamination
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21257-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-21258-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21258-2_5