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2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Environmental Regulations in India

verfasst von : Rajat Verma

Erschienen in: Fiscal Control of Pollution

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

India has a good number of environmental regulations, but these are tangentially touching the core aspect of the issue. Here we have looked into all the environmental regulations in India by analysing the ways in which the environment should be regulated effectively. The command and control (CAC) policies have been critically examined vis-à-vis the market-based instruments. This has been done first by constructing a comprehensive definition of ecotaxes and thus examining the existing taxes in India which could be deemed as environmental taxes in the strict Pigouvian sense. Thereafter, in this study, polluting sectors and goods were identified for the potential levy of ecotaxes in all the three types of pollution, i.e. air, water and land. Finally, the status of the CAC policies and their compliance by the polluting industries were examined by studying the interrelationships between the legislative, executive and judiciary. Fifteen types of environmentally related taxes were identified in India of which only two could be deemed as direct environmental taxes: ‘vehicles tax (on old automobiles)’ levied in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra and ‘vehicles entry tax’ in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. The environmental legislations are overlapping, and the powers given to the pollution control boards (PCBs) are insufficient and thus these laws act as toothless tigers. Alert judiciary has played very significant role in protecting the environment in India; however, it is also plagued with delays in the judgements and is constrained with the lack of technical expertise in several environmental pleas because of which the judgements are not pragmatic.

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Vorheriges Kapitel International Experiences of Ecotaxes: A Few Lessons

Nächstes Kapitel Designing Ecotaxes in India: An Environmentally Extended Social Accounting Matrix (E-SAM)

For further clarity on the definition and understanding of market failure, please refer to Sect. 2.1 of Chap. 2.

This notion of Pigouvian taxation was discussed in detail in Sect. 1.2 of Chap. 1.

Refer to Sect. 1.1.1 for a detailed understanding of existing definitions of ecotaxes.

A tax is defined as, “Any compulsory, unrequited payment to general government-central, state or district level-depending upon the fiscal structure of the economy” (OECD 2006).

A tax base in the Pigouvian context could be defined broadly as, “any polluting factor of production/other inputs/outputs/by products on which if a tax is imposed would increase the cost of production/consumption/extraction of either the produced/consumed/or the extracted natural resource in proportion to the externality generated”.

Please refer to Sect. 1.1.1 for further details on this definition.

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Titel: Environmental Regulations in India
verfasst von: Rajat Verma
Verlag: Springer Singapore
Buch: Fiscal Control of Pollution
Print ISBN: 978-981-16-3036-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-16-3037-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3037-8_3

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