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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Environmental Water Transactions and Innovation in Australia

verfasst von : Katherine Owens

Erschienen in: Reforming Water Law and Governance

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

A process of water distribution is underway in the water-stressed and over-allocated Murray-Darling Basin. It remains to be seen, however, whether the Murray-Darling Basin Plan 2012 (Cth) can gain enough momentum to restore the Basin’s health. Large-scale government buybacks have also proven to be unpopular politically, and will play a more limited role in water recovery strategies going forward. In this context, models of impact investment provide a potentially effective option for improving system resiliency for the benefit of a range of uses. Through an examination of the Murray-Darling Basin Balanced Water Fund, the chapter will analyse the benefits and risks of this approach in the legal context of the MDB, as well as the legal supports and safeguards required to support these initiatives in meeting their environmental objectives. The analysis will draw on theories of innovation, governance perspectives on social learning and the concept of smart regulation in order to evaluate the potential of the Fund within a market-based water allocation framework. It will argue that, when accompanied by appropriate legislative safeguards, private initiatives of the kind represented by the Fund have the potential to function as an effective complementary measure, and improve system resiliency for the benefit of a range of uses, including the environment.

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Fußnoten
1
See also the Productivity Commission, which considers water buybacks to be the most cost-effective and precise mechanism for water recovery in the Murray-Darling Basin (Australian Government 2010b).
 
2
The Fund is open to ‘wholesale clients’ within the meaning of s 761G of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), and investors to whom a product disclosure statement is not required to be provided under Div 2, Pt 7.9 of the Corporations Act (Kilter Rural 2015, p. 3).
 
3
Targeted objectives of the Fund include: improved waterbird breeding and movement; improved health of native plants including several rarer species; maintenance of refuges for fish and other species; and increased wetland plant growth. In addition to environmental outcomes, the restoration of environmental flows will help to conserve sites of important Aboriginal cultural and spiritual value (Kilter Rural 2015, p. 32).
 
4
The Nature Conservation Water Fund (NCWF), the trustee for the EWT, is now jointly owned by TNC Australia and WWG.
 
5
Schedule 7 (Donations for Environmental Watering) of the Constitution specifies the conditions of cash donations and water assets for environmental purposes. The Schedule may not be amended or replaced without TNC Australia’s consent (Kilter Rural 2015, p. 46).
 
6
MWWG’s other responsibilities are expected to include: identification, scoping and prioritisation of environmental watering projects; securing appropriate permits and approvals for watering activities; coordination with government bodies, including the CEWH, to maximise environmental outcomes of watering activities; and liaising with key Basin stakeholders.
 
7
The notion of water that is held under a water access right for a range of possible uses does not, however, appear to have been contemplated by the regime under the Water Act 2007 (Cth), which is based on water rights that are administered by state and territory governments. For example, the definition of ‘held environmental water’ under s 4 of the Water Act 2007 (Cth) does not deal specifically with water held for multiple purposes. Water Access Licences issued under the Water Management Act 2000 (NSW) are not limited to a particular use (s 56); however, a water use approval must be obtained, in order to use water for a particular purpose at a particular location (s 89).
 
8
Trends towards alternatives to buybacks, such as infrastructure projects, are also becoming increasingly popular in the western United States. See for example, Oregon’s Allocation of Conserved Water Program (see https://​www.​oregon.​gov/​owrd/​pages/​mgmt_​conserved_​water.​aspx. Accessed 3 April 2017).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Environmental Water Transactions and Innovation in Australia
verfasst von
Katherine Owens
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Springer Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8977-0_4