Error Models for Operating Irregularities: Implications for Automation

With progressive automation in air traffic control (ATC) (Hopkin, 1987, 1989a, 1989b, 1991; Stein, 1987), there is a particular need to recognize that the most effective design solutions in the automation process will be sensitive to our growing knowledge of human error. An indiscriminate application of automation technology carries with it the potential to contribute its own sources of system error. Ultimately, however, automation is intended to reduce the processing demands on the controller and to reduce the potential for human error. A better understanding of the current factors underlying the human behaviors associated with system errors will contribute directly to improved design decisions in the automation process.