Skip to main content
Erschienen in:
Buchtitelbild

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Ethical Concerns and Opportunities in Binding Intelligent Systems and Blockchain Technology

verfasst von : Davide Calvaresi, Jean-Gabriel Piguet, Jean-Paul Calbimonte, Timotheus Kampik, Amro Najjar, Guillaume Gadek, Michael Schumacher

Erschienen in: Highlights in Practical Applications of Agents, Multi-Agent Systems, and Trust-worthiness. The PAAMS Collection

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Intelligent systems are becoming increasingly complex and pervade a broad range of application domains, including safety-critical systems such as e-health, finance, and energy management. Traditional approaches are no longer capable of addressing the demand for trust and transparency in these applications. Hence, the current decade is demanding intelligent systems to be autonomous, and in particular explainable, transparent, and trustworthy. To satisfy such requirements, and therefore to comply with the recent EU regulations in the matter (e.g., GDPR), intelligent systems (e.g., Multi-Agent Systems - MAS) and technologies enabling tamper-proof and distributed consensus (e.g., Blockchain Technology - BCT) are conveying into reconciling solutions. Recently, the empowerment of MAS with BCT (and the use of BCT themselves) has gained considerable momentum, raising challenges, and unveiling opportunities. However, several ethical concerns have yet to be faced. This paper elaborates on the entanglement among ethical and technological challenges while proposing and discussing approaches that address these emerging research opportunities.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Abramova, O., Shavanova, T., Fuhrer, A., Krasnova, H., Buxmann, P., et al.: Understanding the sharing economy: the role of response to negative reviews in the peer-to-peer accommodation sharing network. In: ECIS 2015 Completed Research Papers, Paper 1. ECIS AISel, IL, USA (2015) Abramova, O., Shavanova, T., Fuhrer, A., Krasnova, H., Buxmann, P., et al.: Understanding the sharing economy: the role of response to negative reviews in the peer-to-peer accommodation sharing network. In: ECIS 2015 Completed Research Papers, Paper 1. ECIS AISel, IL, USA (2015)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Adamic, L.A., Lauterbach, D., Teng, C.Y., Ackerman, M.: Rating friends without making enemies. In: Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (2011) Adamic, L.A., Lauterbach, D., Teng, C.Y., Ackerman, M.: Rating friends without making enemies. In: Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (2011)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Albanese, G., Calbimonte, J.P., Schumacher, M., Calvaresi, D.: Dynamic consent management for clinical trials via private blockchain technology. J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput. 1–18 (2020) Albanese, G., Calbimonte, J.P., Schumacher, M., Calvaresi, D.: Dynamic consent management for clinical trials via private blockchain technology. J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput. 1–18 (2020)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Anjomshoae, S., Najjar, A., Calvaresi, D., Främling, K.: Explainable agents and robots: results from a systematic literature review. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems, pp. 1078–1088. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2019) Anjomshoae, S., Najjar, A., Calvaresi, D., Främling, K.: Explainable agents and robots: results from a systematic literature review. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems, pp. 1078–1088. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2019)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Aste, T., Tasca, P., Di Matteo, T.: Blockchain technologies: the foreseeable impact on society and industry. Computer 50(9), 18–28 (2017)CrossRef Aste, T., Tasca, P., Di Matteo, T.: Blockchain technologies: the foreseeable impact on society and industry. Computer 50(9), 18–28 (2017)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Baldoni, M., Baroglio, C., Boissier, O., Micalizio, R., Tedeschi, S.: Engineering business processes through accountability and agents. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems, pp. 1796–1798. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2019) Baldoni, M., Baroglio, C., Boissier, O., Micalizio, R., Tedeschi, S.: Engineering business processes through accountability and agents. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems, pp. 1796–1798. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (2019)
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Baldwin, T.: George Edward Moore. In: Zalta, E.N. (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, Summer 2010 edn. (2010) Baldwin, T.: George Edward Moore. In: Zalta, E.N. (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, Summer 2010 edn. (2010)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruckner, M., LaFleur, M., Pitterle, I.: Frontier issues: the impact of the technological revolution on labour markets and income distribution. Department of Economic & Social Affairs, UN (2017). Accessed 24 Bruckner, M., LaFleur, M., Pitterle, I.: Frontier issues: the impact of the technological revolution on labour markets and income distribution. Department of Economic & Social Affairs, UN (2017). Accessed 24
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Buocz, T., Ehrke-Rabel, T., Hödl, E., Eisenberger, I.: Bitcoin and the GDPR: allocating responsibility in distributed networks. Comput. Law Secur. Rev. 35(2), 182–198 (2019)CrossRef Buocz, T., Ehrke-Rabel, T., Hödl, E., Eisenberger, I.: Bitcoin and the GDPR: allocating responsibility in distributed networks. Comput. Law Secur. Rev. 35(2), 182–198 (2019)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Calvaresi, D., Cesarini, D., Sernani, P., Marinoni, M., Dragoni, A., Sturm, A.: Exploring the ambient assisted living domain: a systematic review. J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput. 8, 1–19 (2016) Calvaresi, D., Cesarini, D., Sernani, P., Marinoni, M., Dragoni, A., Sturm, A.: Exploring the ambient assisted living domain: a systematic review. J. Ambient Intell. Hum. Comput. 8, 1–19 (2016)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Calvaresi, D., Marinoni, M., Dragoni, A.F., Hilfiker, R., Schumacher, M.: Real-time multi-agent systems for telerehabilitation scenarios. Artif. Intell. Med. 96, 217–231 (2019)CrossRef Calvaresi, D., Marinoni, M., Dragoni, A.F., Hilfiker, R., Schumacher, M.: Real-time multi-agent systems for telerehabilitation scenarios. Artif. Intell. Med. 96, 217–231 (2019)CrossRef
13.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Dierksmeier, C., Seele, P.: Cryptocurrencies and business ethics. J. Bus. Ethics 152(1), 1–14 (2018)CrossRef Dierksmeier, C., Seele, P.: Cryptocurrencies and business ethics. J. Bus. Ethics 152(1), 1–14 (2018)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Dignum, V.: Responsible autonomy. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 4698–4704. AAAI Press (2017) Dignum, V.: Responsible autonomy. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 4698–4704. AAAI Press (2017)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Dostov, V., Shust, P.: Cryptocurrencies: an unconventional challenge to the AML/CFT regulators? J. Finan. Crime 21(3), 249–263 (2014)CrossRef Dostov, V., Shust, P.: Cryptocurrencies: an unconventional challenge to the AML/CFT regulators? J. Finan. Crime 21(3), 249–263 (2014)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Dubovitskaya, A., Urovi, V., Barba, I., Aberer, K., Schumacher, M.I.: A multiagent system for dynamic data aggregation in medical research. BioMed Res. Int. (2016) Dubovitskaya, A., Urovi, V., Barba, I., Aberer, K., Schumacher, M.I.: A multiagent system for dynamic data aggregation in medical research. BioMed Res. Int. (2016)
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Dyrkolbotn, S., Pedersen, T., Slavkovik, M.: On the distinction between implicit and explicit ethical agency. In: Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, pp. 74–80. ACM (2018) Dyrkolbotn, S., Pedersen, T., Slavkovik, M.: On the distinction between implicit and explicit ethical agency. In: Proceedings of the 2018 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, pp. 74–80. ACM (2018)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Finck, M.: Blockchains and data protection in the European union. Eur. Data Prot. L. Rev. 4, 17 (2018)CrossRef Finck, M.: Blockchains and data protection in the European union. Eur. Data Prot. L. Rev. 4, 17 (2018)CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Fradkin, A., Grewal, E., Holtz, D., Pearson, M.: Bias and reciprocity in online reviews: evidence from field experiments on Airbnb. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Economics and Computation, pp. 641–641. ACM (2015) Fradkin, A., Grewal, E., Holtz, D., Pearson, M.: Bias and reciprocity in online reviews: evidence from field experiments on Airbnb. In: Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Conference on Economics and Computation, pp. 641–641. ACM (2015)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Gunning, D.: Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Web 2nd (2017) Gunning, D.: Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Web 2nd (2017)
23.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, J.H., Kim, T.: Economic assimilation of North Korean refugees in South Korea: survey evidence. KDI School of Pub Policy & Management Paper (06–19) (2006) Kim, J.H., Kim, T.: Economic assimilation of North Korean refugees in South Korea: survey evidence. KDI School of Pub Policy & Management Paper (06–19) (2006)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Krugman, P.: Bitcoin is evil. The New York Times 28, 2013 (2013) Krugman, P.: Bitcoin is evil. The New York Times 28, 2013 (2013)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Lauterbach, D., Truong, H., Shah, T., Adamic, L.: Surfing a web of trust: reputation and reciprocity on couchsurfing.com. In: 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 346–353. IEEE (2009) Lauterbach, D., Truong, H., Shah, T., Adamic, L.: Surfing a web of trust: reputation and reciprocity on couchsurfing.com. In: 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 346–353. IEEE (2009)
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayzlin, D., Dover, Y., Chevalier, J.: Promotional reviews: an empirical investigation of online review manipulation. Am. Econ. Rev. 104(8), 2421–55 (2014)CrossRef Mayzlin, D., Dover, Y., Chevalier, J.: Promotional reviews: an empirical investigation of online review manipulation. Am. Econ. Rev. 104(8), 2421–55 (2014)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Moor, J.H.: The nature, importance, and difficulty of machine ethics. IEEE Intell. Syst. 21(4), 18–21 (2006)CrossRef Moor, J.H.: The nature, importance, and difficulty of machine ethics. IEEE Intell. Syst. 21(4), 18–21 (2006)CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Origgi, G., Pais, I.: Digital reputation in the mutual admiration society. Studi di Sociologia 2(2), 175–193 (2018) Origgi, G., Pais, I.: Digital reputation in the mutual admiration society. Studi di Sociologia 2(2), 175–193 (2018)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Overgoor, J., Wulczyn, E., Potts, C.: Trust propagation with mixed-effects models. In: Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. AAAI (2012) Overgoor, J., Wulczyn, E., Potts, C.: Trust propagation with mixed-effects models. In: Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. AAAI (2012)
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramchurn, S.D., Huynh, D., Jennings, N.R.: Trust in multi-agent systems. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 19(1), 1–25 (2004)CrossRef Ramchurn, S.D., Huynh, D., Jennings, N.R.: Trust in multi-agent systems. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 19(1), 1–25 (2004)CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabater-Mir, J., Vercouter, L.: Trust and reputation in multiagent systems. Multiagent Systems, p. 381 (2013) Sabater-Mir, J., Vercouter, L.: Trust and reputation in multiagent systems. Multiagent Systems, p. 381 (2013)
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Ward, J., Hemingway, C., Daniel, E.: A framework for addressing the organisational issues of enterprise systems implementation. J. Strateg. Inf. Syst. 14(2), 97–119 (2005)CrossRef Ward, J., Hemingway, C., Daniel, E.: A framework for addressing the organisational issues of enterprise systems implementation. J. Strateg. Inf. Syst. 14(2), 97–119 (2005)CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Ward, Y., et al.: An analysis of the applicatibility of gdpr to blockchain technologies. L’Europe Unie 13(13), 86–90 (2018) Ward, Y., et al.: An analysis of the applicatibility of gdpr to blockchain technologies. L’Europe Unie 13(13), 86–90 (2018)
Metadaten
Titel
Ethical Concerns and Opportunities in Binding Intelligent Systems and Blockchain Technology
verfasst von
Davide Calvaresi
Jean-Gabriel Piguet
Jean-Paul Calbimonte
Timotheus Kampik
Amro Najjar
Guillaume Gadek
Michael Schumacher
Copyright-Jahr
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51999-5_1