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Erschienen in:

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

8. Europe: The Way Forward

verfasst von : Muhammad Ali Nasir

Erschienen in: Off the Target

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Architects of the European integration project were well aware of the difficulties and challenges it entails and occasionally, they did openly and honestly express their concerns, though often with hope and pinch of optimism.

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Vorheriges Kapitel TARGET2: Off the TARGET

For account of ECB on its response to the coronavirus pandemic, visit https://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/search/coronavirus/html/index.en.html, also see Mosser (2020) and Cantú et al. (2021) for various central banks including Fed, BoJ, Bank of England and ECB response to COVID-19.

For details on account of ECB about its Monetary Policy Decisions in March 2020, visit https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2020/html/ecb.mp200312~8d3aec3ff2.en.html.

In a notable study on this aspect, Echarte Fernández et al. (2021) argued that the monetary stimulus in the wake of COVID-19 is being channelled into financial markets, allowing governments to finance themselves at low-interest rates while also raised questions on long-terms consequences such policy as inflation picks up.

For details on Pandemic emergency purchase programme (PEPP), visit https://www.ecb.europa.eu/mopo/implement/pepp/html/index.en.html.

For “The Fiscal Response to the Economic Fallout from the Coronavirus”, see Anderson et al. (2020).

For “Germany Tears Up Fiscal Rule Book to Counter Coronavirus Pandemic”, visit https://www.ft.com/content/dacd2ac6-6b5f-11ea-89df-41bea055720b.

For “Communication from the Commission” Temporary Framework for State aid measures to support the economy in the current COVID-19 outbreak, visit https://ec.europa.eu/competition/state_aid/what_is_new/sa_covid19_temporary-framework.pdf.

For the Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, visit https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A12008E107.

For details on “The European Instrument for Temporary Support to Mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency (SURE)”, visit https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination/financial-assistance-eu/funding-mechanisms-and-facilities/sure_en.

For details on European Commission to issuance of bonds, visit https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_20_2501.

Details on European Union EUR 14.0 billion dual tranche bond issue available at https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/about_the_european_commission/eu_budget/sure_4th_dual_tranche_press_release_final.pdf.

For details on the “A European Green Deal”, visit https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en.

For “Communication on the European Green Deal”, visit https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1596443911913&uri=CELEX:52019DC0640#document2.

For details on “Protocol on Ireland and Northern Ireland”, visit https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/840230/Revised_Protocol_to_the_Withdrawal_Agreement.pdf.

“The World in 2050 the Long View: How Will the Global Economic Order Change by 2050?”, visit https://www.pwc.com/world2050.

Dijkstra et al. (2018).

For the Address given by Roy Jenkins on the creation of a European monetary union (Florence, 27 October 1977), visit https://www.cvce.eu/obj/address_given_by_roy_jenkins_on_the_creation_of_a_european_monetary_union_florence_27_october_1977-en-98bef841-9d8a-4f84-b3a8-719abb63fd62.html.

Campbell, J. (2014).

Titel: Europe: The Way Forward
verfasst von: Muhammad Ali Nasir
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Off the Target
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-88184-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-88185-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88185-6_8