This study evaluates six widely used policies for promoting battery electric vehicle (BEV) adoption through a benefit-cost analysis, using Australia as a case study. Drawing on a three-phase methodology, comprising a Delphi panel, a vehicle purchase decision model, and risk-adjusted BCA, the study assesses each policy’s impact on adoption, emissions reduction, and economic efficiency. Results indicate that among the six policies modelled, the fuel efficiency standard delivers the highest benefit-cost ratio, underscoring its merit as a cost-effective regulatory measure, but yields the lowest BEV adoption and emissions reduction. Home charger rebates, meanwhile, drive the greatest BEV adoption, offering strong financial returns and long-term energy security benefits. Public education and exposure campaigns emerge as cost-effective complementary strategies. In contrast, BEV purchase rebates, though effective in accelerating uptake, result in a negative net present value and poor benefit-cost ratio due to free-rider effects. Operating cost incentives show similarly weak financial returns. Public charging subsidies, while offering limited direct financial benefits, are critical for mitigating range anxiety and enhancing regional connectivity. The findings highlight the need for policy strategies tailored to local infrastructure, behavioural, and market conditions. By disaggregating individual policy impacts and incorporating sensitivity, distribution, and risk analysis, this framework offers transferable insights for jurisdictions seeking cost-effective, scalable approaches to BEV promotion.
