Skip to main content
Erschienen in: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 7/2018

30.10.2017 | LIFE CYCLE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT

Evaluating the carbon footprint of the cork sector with a dynamic approach including biogenic carbon flows

verfasst von: Martha Demertzi, Joana Amaral Paulo, Sonia Pacheco Faias, Luís Arroja, Ana Cláudia Dias

Erschienen in: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment | Ausgabe 7/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of the present study is to assess the influence of two different attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) approaches, namely static LCA (sLCA) and dynamic LCA (dLCA), through their application to the calculation of the carbon footprint (CF) of the entire cork sector in Portugal. The effect of including biogenic carbon sequestration and emissions is considered as well.

Methods

sLCA is often described as a static tool since all the emissions are accounted for as if occurring at the same time which may not be the case in reality for greenhouse gases. In contrast, dLCA aims to evaluate the impact of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions on radiative forcing considering the specific moment when these emissions occur.

Results and discussion

The results show that the total CF of the cork sector differs depending on the approach and time horizon chosen. However, the greater it is the time horizon chosen, the smaller the difference between the CF results of the two approaches. Additionally, the inclusion of biogenic carbon sequestration and emissions also influences significantly the CF result. The cork sector is considered a net carbon source when biogenic carbon is excluded from the calculations and a net carbon sink when biogenic carbon is included in the calculations since more carbon is sequestered than emitted along the sector.

Conclusions

dLCA allows an overview of greenhouse gas emissions along the time. This is an advantage as it allows to identify and plan different management approaches for the cork sector. Even though dLCA is a more realistic approach, it is a more time-consuming and complex approach for long life cycles. The choice of time horizon was found to be another important aspect for CF assessment.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Brandão M, Levasseur A, Kirschbaum M, Weidema B, Cowie A, Jørgensen S et al (2012) Key issues and options in accounting for carbon sequestration and temporary storage in life cycle assessment and carbon footprinting. Int J Life Cycle Assess 18:230–240CrossRef Brandão M, Levasseur A, Kirschbaum M, Weidema B, Cowie A, Jørgensen S et al (2012) Key issues and options in accounting for carbon sequestration and temporary storage in life cycle assessment and carbon footprinting. Int J Life Cycle Assess 18:230–240CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bribrián I, Capilla A, Usón A (2010) Life cycle assessment of building materials: comparative analysis of energy and environmental impacts and evaluation of the eco-efficiency improvement potential. Build Environ 46:1133–1140CrossRef Bribrián I, Capilla A, Usón A (2010) Life cycle assessment of building materials: comparative analysis of energy and environmental impacts and evaluation of the eco-efficiency improvement potential. Build Environ 46:1133–1140CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Demertzi M, Dias A, Matos A, Arroja L (2015a) Evaluation of different end-of-life management alternatives for used natural cork stoppers through life cycle assessment. Waste Manag 46:668–680CrossRef Demertzi M, Dias A, Matos A, Arroja L (2015a) Evaluation of different end-of-life management alternatives for used natural cork stoppers through life cycle assessment. Waste Manag 46:668–680CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Demertzi M, Garrido A, Dias A, Arroja L (2015b) Environmental performance of a cork floating floor. Mat Des 82:317–325 Demertzi M, Garrido A, Dias A, Arroja L (2015b) Environmental performance of a cork floating floor. Mat Des 82:317–325
Zurück zum Zitat Demertzi M, Paulo Amaral J, Arroja L, Dias A (2016a) A carbon footprint simulation model for the cork oak sector. Sci Total Environ 566–567:499–511CrossRef Demertzi M, Paulo Amaral J, Arroja L, Dias A (2016a) A carbon footprint simulation model for the cork oak sector. Sci Total Environ 566–567:499–511CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Demertzi M, Silva R, Neto B, Dias A, Arroja L (2016b) Cork stoppers supply chain: potential scenarios for environmental impact reduction. J Clean Prod 112:1985–1994CrossRef Demertzi M, Silva R, Neto B, Dias A, Arroja L (2016b) Cork stoppers supply chain: potential scenarios for environmental impact reduction. J Clean Prod 112:1985–1994CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Demertzi M, Sierra-Pérez J, Paulo Amaral J, Arroja L, Dias A (2017) Environmental performance of an expanded cork slab and granules through life cycle assessment. J Clean Prod 145:294–302CrossRef Demertzi M, Sierra-Pérez J, Paulo Amaral J, Arroja L, Dias A (2017) Environmental performance of an expanded cork slab and granules through life cycle assessment. J Clean Prod 145:294–302CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dias A, Arroja L (2014) A model for estimating carbon accumulation in cork products. Forest Syst 23:236–246CrossRef Dias A, Arroja L (2014) A model for estimating carbon accumulation in cork products. Forest Syst 23:236–246CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dias A, Boschmonart-Rives J, González-García S, Demertzi M, Gabarrel X, Arroja L (2014) Analysis of raw cork production in Portugal and Catalonia using life cycle assessment. Int J Life Cycle Assess 19:1985–2000CrossRef Dias A, Boschmonart-Rives J, González-García S, Demertzi M, Gabarrel X, Arroja L (2014) Analysis of raw cork production in Portugal and Catalonia using life cycle assessment. Int J Life Cycle Assess 19:1985–2000CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Faias S, Palma J, Barreiro S, Paulo J, Tomé M (2012) Resource communication. sIMfLOR—platform for the Portuguese forest simulators. Forest Syst 21:543–548CrossRef Faias S, Palma J, Barreiro S, Paulo J, Tomé M (2012) Resource communication. sIMfLOR—platform for the Portuguese forest simulators. Forest Syst 21:543–548CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fouquet M, Levasseur A, Margni M, Leberta A, Lasvaux S, Souyri B, Buhé C, Woloszyn M (2015) Methodological challenges and developments in LCA of low energy buildings: application to biogenic carbon and global warming assessment. Build Environ 90:51–59CrossRef Fouquet M, Levasseur A, Margni M, Leberta A, Lasvaux S, Souyri B, Buhé C, Woloszyn M (2015) Methodological challenges and developments in LCA of low energy buildings: application to biogenic carbon and global warming assessment. Build Environ 90:51–59CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia R, Freire F (2014) Carbon footprint of particleboard: a comparison between ISO/TS 14067, GHG protocol, PAS 2050 and climate declaration. J Clean Prod 66:199–209CrossRef Garcia R, Freire F (2014) Carbon footprint of particleboard: a comparison between ISO/TS 14067, GHG protocol, PAS 2050 and climate declaration. J Clean Prod 66:199–209CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat González-García S, Dias A, Arroja L (2013) Life-cycle assessment of typical Portuguese cork oak woodlands. Sci Total Environ 452-453:355–364CrossRef González-García S, Dias A, Arroja L (2013) Life-cycle assessment of typical Portuguese cork oak woodlands. Sci Total Environ 452-453:355–364CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Helin T, Sokka L, Soimakallio S, Pingoud K, Pajula T (2013) Approaches for inclusion of forest carbon cycle in life cycle assessment—a review. Glob Change Biol 5:475–486CrossRef Helin T, Sokka L, Soimakallio S, Pingoud K, Pajula T (2013) Approaches for inclusion of forest carbon cycle in life cycle assessment—a review. Glob Change Biol 5:475–486CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat ICNF (2013) IFN6 — Áreas dos usos do solo e das espécies florestais de Portugal continental. Resultados preliminares. Lisboa: Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas. Areas of land use and forest species in mainland Portugal. Preliminary results. Lisbon: Institute for Conservation of Nature and Forestry, p 34 ICNF (2013) IFN6 — Áreas dos usos do solo e das espécies florestais de Portugal continental. Resultados preliminares. Lisboa: Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas. Areas of land use and forest species in mainland Portugal. Preliminary results. Lisbon: Institute for Conservation of Nature and Forestry, p 34
Zurück zum Zitat IPCC (2013) In: Stocker T, Qin G, Plattner K, Tignor M, Allen S, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley P (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge IPCC (2013) In: Stocker T, Qin G, Plattner K, Tignor M, Allen S, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley P (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Zurück zum Zitat Levasseur A, Lesage P, Margni M, Deschenes M, Samson R (2010a) Considering time in LCA: dynamic LCA and its application to global warming impact assessments. Environ Sci Technol 44:3169–3174CrossRef Levasseur A, Lesage P, Margni M, Deschenes M, Samson R (2010a) Considering time in LCA: dynamic LCA and its application to global warming impact assessments. Environ Sci Technol 44:3169–3174CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Levasseur A, Lesage P, Margni M, Deschenes M, Samson R (2010b) New generation carbon footprinting, instruction manual. Interuniversity Research Centre for the Life Cycle of Products, Processes and Services. CIRAIG, Montréal Levasseur A, Lesage P, Margni M, Deschenes M, Samson R (2010b) New generation carbon footprinting, instruction manual. Interuniversity Research Centre for the Life Cycle of Products, Processes and Services. CIRAIG, Montréal
Zurück zum Zitat Levasseur A, Brandão M, Lesage P, Margni M, Pennington D, Clift R (2012) Valuing temporary carbon storage. Nat Clim Chang 1:6–8CrossRef Levasseur A, Brandão M, Lesage P, Margni M, Pennington D, Clift R (2012) Valuing temporary carbon storage. Nat Clim Chang 1:6–8CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Levasseur A, Lesage P, Margni M, Samson R (2013) Biogenic carbon and temporary storage addressed with dynamic life cycle assessment. J Ind Ecol 17:117–128CrossRef Levasseur A, Lesage P, Margni M, Samson R (2013) Biogenic carbon and temporary storage addressed with dynamic life cycle assessment. J Ind Ecol 17:117–128CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Müller-Wenk R, Brandão M (2010) Climatic impact of land use in LCA—carbon transfers between vegetation/soil and air. Int J Life Cycle Assess 15:172–182CrossRef Müller-Wenk R, Brandão M (2010) Climatic impact of land use in LCA—carbon transfers between vegetation/soil and air. Int J Life Cycle Assess 15:172–182CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Palma J, Crous-Duran J, Graves A, Garcia de Jalon S, Upson M, Oliveira T, Paulo J, Ferreiro-Domínguez N, Moreno G, Burgess P (2017) Integrating belowground carbon dynamics into Yield-SAFE, a parameter sparse agroforestry model. Agrofor Syst. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-017-0123-4 Palma J, Crous-Duran J, Graves A, Garcia de Jalon S, Upson M, Oliveira T, Paulo J, Ferreiro-Domínguez N, Moreno G, Burgess P (2017) Integrating belowground carbon dynamics into Yield-SAFE, a parameter sparse agroforestry model. Agrofor Syst. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10457-017-0123-4
Zurück zum Zitat Pargana N, Pinheiro M, Silvestre J, Brito J (2014) Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of thermal insulation materials of buildings. Energ Build 82:466–481CrossRef Pargana N, Pinheiro M, Silvestre J, Brito J (2014) Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of thermal insulation materials of buildings. Energ Build 82:466–481CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Paulo J (2011) Development of a growth and yield model for the sustainable management of cork oak stands, Desenvolvimento de um sistema para apoio à gestão sustentável de montados de sobro. Ph.D. Thesis. 188 pp. (Cap3). Technical University of Lisbon. Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Lisbon, Portugal. (in Portuguese). http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3850. Access on Jan 2016 Paulo J (2011) Development of a growth and yield model for the sustainable management of cork oak stands, Desenvolvimento de um sistema para apoio à gestão sustentável de montados de sobro. Ph.D. Thesis. 188 pp. (Cap3). Technical University of Lisbon. Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Lisbon, Portugal. (in Portuguese). http://​hdl.​handle.​net/​10400.​5/​3850. Access on Jan 2016
Zurück zum Zitat Paulo J, Tomé M (2006) Equações para estimação do volume e biomassa de duas espécies de carvalhos: Quercus suber e Quercus ilex. Publicações GIMREF. RC1/2006. Technical university of Lisbon. Instituto Superior Agronomia. Centro de Estudos Florestais. Lisbon. 21 pp http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1730 Paulo J, Tomé M (2006) Equações para estimação do volume e biomassa de duas espécies de carvalhos: Quercus suber e Quercus ilex. Publicações GIMREF. RC1/2006. Technical university of Lisbon. Instituto Superior Agronomia. Centro de Estudos Florestais. Lisbon. 21 pp http://​hdl.​handle.​net/​10400.​5/​1730
Zurück zum Zitat Paulo J, Tomé M (2010) Predicting mature cork biomass with t years of growth from one measurement taken at any other age. For Ecol Manag 259:1993–2005CrossRef Paulo J, Tomé M (2010) Predicting mature cork biomass with t years of growth from one measurement taken at any other age. For Ecol Manag 259:1993–2005CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Paulo J, Tomé J, Tomé M (2002) Ajustamento simultâneo de equações de biomassa de azinheira. Actas do X Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Estatística. 25th to 28th September 2002, Porto, Portugal Paulo J, Tomé J, Tomé M (2002) Ajustamento simultâneo de equações de biomassa de azinheira. Actas do X Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Estatística. 25th to 28th September 2002, Porto, Portugal
Zurück zum Zitat Paulo JA, Faias S, Gomes AA, Palma J, Tomé J, Tomé M (2015) Predicting site index from climate and soil variables for cork oak (Quercus suber L.) stands in Portugal. New Forest 46:293–307CrossRef Paulo JA, Faias S, Gomes AA, Palma J, Tomé J, Tomé M (2015) Predicting site index from climate and soil variables for cork oak (Quercus suber L.) stands in Portugal. New Forest 46:293–307CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pereira H (2007) Cork: biology, production and uses. Lisbon: Elsevier, p 336 Pereira H (2007) Cork: biology, production and uses. Lisbon: Elsevier, p 336
Zurück zum Zitat Pereira J, Bugalho M (2009) From the cork oak to cork. Portuguese Cork Association, Santa Maria de Lamas 336 pp Pereira J, Bugalho M (2009) From the cork oak to cork. Portuguese Cork Association, Santa Maria de Lamas 336 pp
Zurück zum Zitat Pullar R, Novais R (2017) Ecoceramics—cork-based biomimetic ceramic 3-DOM foams. Mat Today 20:45–46CrossRef Pullar R, Novais R (2017) Ecoceramics—cork-based biomimetic ceramic 3-DOM foams. Mat Today 20:45–46CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rives J, Fernandez-Rodriguez I, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2011) Environmental analysis of the production of natural cork stoppers in southern Europe (Catalonia, Spain). J Clean Prod 19:259–271CrossRef Rives J, Fernandez-Rodriguez I, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2011) Environmental analysis of the production of natural cork stoppers in southern Europe (Catalonia, Spain). J Clean Prod 19:259–271CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rives J, Fernandez-Rodriguez I, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2012a) Environmental analysis of raw cork extraction in cork oak forests in southern Europe (Catalonia, Spain). J Environ Manag 110:236–245CrossRef Rives J, Fernandez-Rodriguez I, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2012a) Environmental analysis of raw cork extraction in cork oak forests in southern Europe (Catalonia, Spain). J Environ Manag 110:236–245CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rives J, Fernandez-Rodriguez I, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2012b) Environmental analysis of the production of champagne cork stoppers. J Clean Prod 25:1–13CrossRef Rives J, Fernandez-Rodriguez I, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2012b) Environmental analysis of the production of champagne cork stoppers. J Clean Prod 25:1–13CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rives J, Fernandez-Rodriguez I, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2012c) Environmental analysis of cork granulate production in Catalonia—northern Spain. Resour Conserv Recy 58:132–142CrossRef Rives J, Fernandez-Rodriguez I, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2012c) Environmental analysis of cork granulate production in Catalonia—northern Spain. Resour Conserv Recy 58:132–142CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rives J, Fernandez-Rodriguez I, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2013) Integrated environmental analysis of the main cork products in southern Europe (Catalonia e Spain). J Clean Prod 51:289–298CrossRef Rives J, Fernandez-Rodriguez I, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2013) Integrated environmental analysis of the main cork products in southern Europe (Catalonia e Spain). J Clean Prod 51:289–298CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sierra-Pérez J, Boschmonart-Rives J, Gabarrell Durany X (2016) Environmental assessment of façade-building systems and thermal insulation materials for different climatic conditions. J Clean Prod 113:102–113CrossRef Sierra-Pérez J, Boschmonart-Rives J, Gabarrell Durany X (2016) Environmental assessment of façade-building systems and thermal insulation materials for different climatic conditions. J Clean Prod 113:102–113CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tomé M, Barreiro S, Paulo J, Tomé J (2006) Modelling tree and stand growth with growth functions formulated as age independent difference equations. Can J For Res 36:1621–1630CrossRef Tomé M, Barreiro S, Paulo J, Tomé J (2006) Modelling tree and stand growth with growth functions formulated as age independent difference equations. Can J For Res 36:1621–1630CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Weidema B, Bauer C, Hischier R, Mutel C, Nemecek T, Reinhard J, Vadenbo C (2013) Data quality guideline for the Ecoinvent v.3 (Dübendorf, Switzerland) Weidema B, Bauer C, Hischier R, Mutel C, Nemecek T, Reinhard J, Vadenbo C (2013) Data quality guideline for the Ecoinvent v.3 (Dübendorf, Switzerland)
Metadaten
Titel
Evaluating the carbon footprint of the cork sector with a dynamic approach including biogenic carbon flows
verfasst von
Martha Demertzi
Joana Amaral Paulo
Sonia Pacheco Faias
Luís Arroja
Ana Cláudia Dias
Publikationsdatum
30.10.2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment / Ausgabe 7/2018
Print ISSN: 0948-3349
Elektronische ISSN: 1614-7502
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1406-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2018

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 7/2018 Zur Ausgabe

ADVANCING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE IN LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT

Preface: Recognizing management in LCM

ADVANCING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE IN LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT

From behind the curtain: talking about values in LCA