Skip to main content

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Embeddings in Representing the Structure of Geospatial Ontologies

verfasst von : Federico Dassereto, Laura Di Rocco, Giovanna Guerrini, Michela Bertolotto

Erschienen in: Geospatial Technologies for Local and Regional Development

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Nowadays word embeddings are used for many natural language processing (NLP) tasks thanks to their ability of capturing the semantic relations between words. Word embeddings have been mostly used to solve traditional NLP problems, such as question answering, textual entailment and sentiment analysis. This work proposes a new way of thinking about word embeddings that exploits them in order to represent geographical knowledge (e.g., geographical ontologies). We also propose metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of an embedding with respect to the ontological structure on which it is created both in an absolute way and with reference to its application within geolocation algorithms.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
5
The context is understood as a fixed window around a target word.
 
6
A simple word pun between Sherlock Holmes and location.
 
8
Notice that, we run Sherloc with different parameters.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Baroni M, Dinu G, Kruszewski G (2014) Don’t count, predict! a systematic comparison of context-counting vs. context-predicting semantic vectors. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp 238–247 Baroni M, Dinu G, Kruszewski G (2014) Don’t count, predict! a systematic comparison of context-counting vs. context-predicting semantic vectors. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp 238–247
Zurück zum Zitat Bengio Y et al (2003) A neural probabilistic language model. J Mach Learn Res 3:1137–1155 Bengio Y et al (2003) A neural probabilistic language model. J Mach Learn Res 3:1137–1155
Zurück zum Zitat Bojanowski P et al (2017) Enriching word vectors with subword information. Trans Assoc Comput Linguist 5:135–146CrossRef Bojanowski P et al (2017) Enriching word vectors with subword information. Trans Assoc Comput Linguist 5:135–146CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Di Rocco L (2018) The role of geographic knowledge in sub-city level geolocation algorithms. PhD thesis. Dibris, Università degli Studi di Genova Di Rocco L (2018) The role of geographic knowledge in sub-city level geolocation algorithms. PhD thesis. Dibris, Università degli Studi di Genova
Zurück zum Zitat Dredze M, Osborne M, Kambadur P (2016) Geolocation for twitter: timing matters. In: Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pp 1064–1069 Dredze M, Osborne M, Kambadur P (2016) Geolocation for twitter: timing matters. In: Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pp 1064–1069
Zurück zum Zitat Faruqui M et al (2016) Problems with evaluation of word embeddings usingword similarity tasks. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Evaluating Vector-Space Representations for NLP, pp 30–35 Faruqui M et al (2016) Problems with evaluation of word embeddings usingword similarity tasks. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Evaluating Vector-Space Representations for NLP, pp 30–35
Zurück zum Zitat Griffiths TL, Tenenbaum JB, Steyvers M (2007) Topics in semantic representation. Psychol Rev 114(2):211–244CrossRef Griffiths TL, Tenenbaum JB, Steyvers M (2007) Topics in semantic representation. Psychol Rev 114(2):211–244CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gruber TR (1993) A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Knowl Acquis 5(2):199–220CrossRef Gruber TR (1993) A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Knowl Acquis 5(2):199–220CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jia Y et al (2014) Caffe: convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp 675–678 Jia Y et al (2014) Caffe: convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp 675–678
Zurück zum Zitat Kejriwal M, Szekely P (2017) Neural embeddings for populated geonames locations. The Semantic Web - ISWC 2017, pp 139–146 Kejriwal M, Szekely P (2017) Neural embeddings for populated geonames locations. The Semantic Web - ISWC 2017, pp 139–146
Zurück zum Zitat Krioukov D et al (2010) Hyperbolic geometry of complex networks. Phys Rev E 82(3):036106-01–036106-18 Krioukov D et al (2010) Hyperbolic geometry of complex networks. Phys Rev E 82(3):036106-01–036106-18
Zurück zum Zitat Mikolov T et al (2013) Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. In: ICLR Workshop Mikolov T et al (2013) Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. In: ICLR Workshop
Zurück zum Zitat Nayak N, Angeli G, Manning CD (2016) Evaluating word embeddings using a representative suite of practical tasks. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Evaluating Vector-Space Representations for NLP, pp 19–23 Nayak N, Angeli G, Manning CD (2016) Evaluating word embeddings using a representative suite of practical tasks. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Evaluating Vector-Space Representations for NLP, pp 19–23
Zurück zum Zitat Nickel M, Kiela D (2017) Poincaré embeddings for learning hierarchical representations. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 30:6338–6347 Nickel M, Kiela D (2017) Poincaré embeddings for learning hierarchical representations. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 30:6338–6347
Zurück zum Zitat Nickel M, Kiela D (2018) Learning continuous hierarchies in the Lorentz model of hyperbolic geometry. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp 3776–3785 Nickel M, Kiela D (2018) Learning continuous hierarchies in the Lorentz model of hyperbolic geometry. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp 3776–3785
Zurück zum Zitat Pennington J, Socher R, Manning CD (2014) Glove: global vectors for word representation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp 1532–1543 Pennington J, Socher R, Manning CD (2014) Glove: global vectors for word representation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp 1532–1543
Zurück zum Zitat Sala F et al (2018) Representation tradeoffs for hyperbolic embeddings. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp 4460–4469 Sala F et al (2018) Representation tradeoffs for hyperbolic embeddings. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, pp 4460–4469
Zurück zum Zitat Sayeed AB, Greenberg C, Demberg V (2016) Thematic fit evaluation: an aspect of selectional preferences. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Evaluating Vector-Space Representations for NLP, pp 99–105 Sayeed AB, Greenberg C, Demberg V (2016) Thematic fit evaluation: an aspect of selectional preferences. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Evaluating Vector-Space Representations for NLP, pp 99–105
Zurück zum Zitat Schnabel T et al (2015) Evaluation methods for unsupervised word embeddings. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp 298–307 Schnabel T et al (2015) Evaluation methods for unsupervised word embeddings. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp 298–307
Zurück zum Zitat Stadler C et al (2012) LinkedGeoData: a core for a web of spatial open data. Semant Web 3(4):333–354 Stadler C et al (2012) LinkedGeoData: a core for a web of spatial open data. Semant Web 3(4):333–354
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Q et al (2017) Knowledge graph embedding: a survey of approaches and applications. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 29(12):2724–2743CrossRef Wang Q et al (2017) Knowledge graph embedding: a survey of approaches and applications. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 29(12):2724–2743CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng X, Han J, Sun A (2018) A survey of location prediction on Twitter. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 30(11):1652–1671CrossRef Zheng X, Han J, Sun A (2018) A survey of location prediction on Twitter. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 30(11):1652–1671CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Embeddings in Representing the Structure of Geospatial Ontologies
verfasst von
Federico Dassereto
Laura Di Rocco
Giovanna Guerrini
Michela Bertolotto
Copyright-Jahr
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14745-7_3