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Erschienen in:
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2014 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Expansion

verfasst von : Johannes Fiedler

Erschienen in: Urbanisation, unlimited

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Urbanisation is relentlessly reclaiming new areas. Apart from cases of wars and lingering brutal conflicts, expansion usually proceeds informally. Currently, the claim to habitable areas is about to attain its ideal: commercial Landnahme .

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Vorheriges Kapitel Dispersion
Nächstes Kapitel Gentrification
Fußnoten
1
On May 20, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Homestead Act, providing 160 acres of public land free of charge to anyone either 21 years of age or head of a family, a citizen or person who had filed for citizenship, who had lived on and cultivated the land for at least five years. By the turn of the century, more than 80 million acres had been claimed by a total of 600,000 homestead farmers (Encyclopaedia Britannica).
 
2
This German expression, for which no adequate English word exists, refers to the process of land seizure by an external power, involving not only the physical occupation but also the economic and cultural appropriation of the territory.
 
3
On the occasion of a visit to Jerusalem in May 2000, Rem Koolhaas commented on the Jewish settlements in the West Bank: “…a painful encroachment upon the political, but also on the physical landscape” (Haaretz, June 6th, 2000).
 
4
São Paulo: “Flourishing neighbourhoods are being abandoned. The entire city moves towards the airport, suffocates it, a new airport is built, and Sao Paulo moves on. Seen in time lapse, the city floats like a cyber-organism over the Sao Paulo Plains, dragging behind factories, vomiting impoverished quarters, ejecting derelict areas and consuming new land and new people all the time…” (anonymous internet document in German language, translated by the author. Telepolis, retrieved 08/2000).
 
5
The process in which space and urban amenities become merchandise, as described in Beauregard and Haila (2000).
 
6
The concept of regional inversion was expressed by the Dutch artist Constant Nieuwenhuys in his famous collage of city maps linking up to form a mesh enclosing traditional farmland (Symbolische voorstelling van New Babylon, 1969, collage on paper, 55 × 60″). This work was obviously inspired by the emerging reality of the Randstad – the arrangement of several cities in central Holland around a relatively sparsely populated middle.
 
7
Lefebvre (1970): “Urbanisation goes beyond the cities as historic monuments and encompasses even the countryside.”
 
8
Even in a relatively well-off society such as that of ancient Greece, it took nine people doing agricultural work to feed one urban dweller (Lynn White, cited by Sennett (1994). Today, the ratio is inverted: in a European country like Austria, the proportion of the population active in agriculture is 9.6 % (Statistik Austria 2010), resulting in one farmer feeding nine urban dwellers. Needless to say, the urban population of a country is no longer fed by its national farmers only.
 
9
Los Angeles: The population of Los Angeles County “shifted from 70 % Anglo to 60 % non-Anglo between 1960 and 1990, mostly living in ethnic enclaves” (Soja and Scott 1996).
 
10
It shall be permitted to use the distinction between black and white because the post-apartheid government and social scientists explicitly document and discuss race. The fight against discrimination requires a clear picture of ethnic aspects.
 
11
Insula (lat.), an element of Roman town planning, literally an island surrounded by streets on all sides, which came to be the name for the ill-famed tenement buildings in ancient Rome.
 
12
Ross (1999).
 
Literatur
Beauregard R, Haila A (2000) The unavoidable continuities of the city. In: Marcuse P, Van Kempen R (eds) Globalizing cities: a new spatial order. Blackwell, Malden
Ross A (1999) The celebration chronicles. Ballantine Books, New York
Sennett R (1994) Flesh and stone: the body and the city in western civilisation. W. W. Norton and Company, New York/London
Metadaten
Titel
Expansion
verfasst von
Johannes Fiedler
Copyright-Jahr
2014
Buch
Urbanisation, unlimited

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-03586-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-03587-1

Copyright-Jahr: 2014

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03587-1_5