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Erschienen in: Asia Pacific Journal of Management 3/2019

04.06.2019

Exploiting old lessons and exploring new ideas: A Confucian approach to exploitation and exploration

verfasst von: Mooweon Rhee, Tohyun Kim

Erschienen in: Asia Pacific Journal of Management | Ausgabe 3/2019

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Abstract

This paper extends James March’s pioneering work on exploitation and exploration with respect to Confucian thought. Contrary to the conventional, rational approach that assume a paradoxical relationship between exploitation and exploration, we suggest the possibility of a mutually beneficial relationship by highlighting some features of Confucian thought based on the ontological, epistemological, and axiological foundations of the Confucian program of learning: the li-qi philosophy, the alternation of yin and yang, the penetration into the ultimate principle through seriousness and sincerity, and the morality of learning. We argue that the rational approach may lead to pursuing a superficial balance between exploitation and exploration, whereas a Confucian approach promotes substantive learning in the pursuit of fulfilling one’s mission with seriousness and sincerity, during which exploitation and exploration spontaneously reach a dynamic balance by alternating with each other. We provide implications for innovation by illustrating two cases—Apple and AmorePacific—and discuss some intriguing points derived from our Confucian approach in order to stimulate new ideas for future research on organizational learning and innovation.

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Fußnoten
1
As a reference, we provide the traditional (not simplified) Chinese characters (漢字; hàn zì) and Mandarin pinyin, the official system used to transcribe Chinese characters into Latin script in China, for notable Chinese phrases, idioms, sources, and names (each symbol in Chinese characters represents a meaningful unit of language as well as one syllable).
 
2
While not explicitly referring to the concept of yin-yang, the Chinese scholars He and Wong (2004) report empirical findings that support the mutually facilitating relationship between exploitation and exploration.
 
3
Dong Zhongshu (董仲舒; dǒng zhòng shū, 179–104 BC) developed the idea that the yin-yang duality is the basis for completing Confucian morality (see Queen, 1996). Our attempt to fuse the yin-yang relationship with Confucian morality differs because we focus on the alternation of yin and yang rather than their duality.
 
4
Three additional texts include Analects (論語; lún yǔ), Mencius (孟子; mèng zǐ), and Doctrine of the Mean (中庸; zhōng yōng).
 
5
This idiom is often compared to the Buddhist notion of ‘sudden comprehension of the truth’ (頓悟; dùn wù) (Bol, 2008; Schwartz, 1985).
 
6
Tushman and colleagues (Lavie et al., 2010; Tushman & O’Reilly, 1996) have already proposed the idea of sequential alternations between exploitation and exploration. Our Confucian approach extends this idea by suggesting another mechanism—i.e., transcending the boundary.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Exploiting old lessons and exploring new ideas: A Confucian approach to exploitation and exploration
verfasst von
Mooweon Rhee
Tohyun Kim
Publikationsdatum
04.06.2019
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Asia Pacific Journal of Management / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 0217-4561
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-9958
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9626-4

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