Skip to main content

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. Fintech and Financial Inclusion in Pakistan: An Exploratory Study

verfasst von : Hassnian Ali, Rose Abdullah

Erschienen in: Enhancing Financial Inclusion through Islamic Finance, Volume I

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Fintech has the potential of promoting financial inclusion in terms of secured digital payments, financing, InsureTech, and investments through crowdfunding and P2P lending to unserved or less served businesses, start-ups, and segments of the population. Fintech is deployed using the latest technologies such as big data analytics, clouds, Internet of Things, blockchain, and artificial intelligence to provide highly secured, instant, easy-to-access, easy-to-use, low-cost, and finally more customer-centric financial services and products. For Fintech to boost Islamic financial inclusion, shariah compatibility in the applications is necessary. Empirical evidence shows that Pakistan is a highly financially exclusive country. This study provides an overview of financial inclusion and digital finance status in Pakistan, a comparative analysis of information and communication technologies (ICT) environment, and Pakistan’s performance in ICTs. This study elucidates the potential of Fintech applications and proposes a pragmatic scheme to develop a Fintech ecosystem capable of achieving the goal of financial inclusion in Pakistan.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Accenture. (2016). Blockchain Technology. Accenture. (2016). Blockchain Technology.
Zurück zum Zitat AdeelAnjum, M., Khan, N., Raza, S. A., Fatima, S., et al. (2012). Problems and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurs: A Case Study of Quetta-Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3, 177. AdeelAnjum, M., Khan, N., Raza, S. A., Fatima, S., et al. (2012). Problems and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurs: A Case Study of Quetta-Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3, 177.
Zurück zum Zitat Aker, J. C., Boumnijel, R., McClelland, A., & Tierney, N. (2016). Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 65, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/687578.CrossRef Aker, J. C., Boumnijel, R., McClelland, A., & Tierney, N. (2016). Payment Mechanisms and Antipoverty Programs: Evidence from a Mobile Money Cash Transfer Experiment in Niger. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 65, 1–37. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1086/​687578.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Akhtar, S., & Hussain, D. A. (2015). Poverty Dynamics of Rural Punjab and Over Time Changes. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 25(2), 572–577. Akhtar, S., & Hussain, D. A. (2015). Poverty Dynamics of Rural Punjab and Over Time Changes. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 25(2), 572–577.
Zurück zum Zitat Arslanian, H. (2016). 10 FinTech Predictions for Asia in 2017. Let’s Talk Payments. Arslanian, H. (2016). 10 FinTech Predictions for Asia in 2017. Let’s Talk Payments.
Zurück zum Zitat Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010). The Internet of Things: A Survey. Computer Networks, 54, 2787–2805.CrossRef Atzori, L., Iera, A., & Morabito, G. (2010). The Internet of Things: A Survey. Computer Networks, 54, 2787–2805.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Autoriti Monetary Brunei Darussalam AMBD. (2017). Fintech Regulatory Sandbox Guidelines. Autoriti Monetary Brunei Darussalam AMBD. (2017). Fintech Regulatory Sandbox Guidelines.
Zurück zum Zitat Awais, M., Laber, M. F., Rasheed, N., & Khursheed, A. (2016). Impact of Financial Literacy and Investment Experience on Risk Tolerance and Investment Decisions: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(1). Awais, M., Laber, M. F., Rasheed, N., & Khursheed, A. (2016). Impact of Financial Literacy and Investment Experience on Risk Tolerance and Investment Decisions: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(1).
Zurück zum Zitat Babatz, G. (2013). Sustained Effort, Saving Billions: Lessons from the Mexican Government’s Shift to Electronic Payments. Mexico: Better Than Cash Alliance. Babatz, G. (2013). Sustained Effort, Saving Billions: Lessons from the Mexican Government’s Shift to Electronic Payments. Mexico: Better Than Cash Alliance.
Zurück zum Zitat Bank Negara Malaysia BNM. (2016). Financial Technology Regulatory Sandbox Framework. Bank Negara Malaysia BNM. (2016). Financial Technology Regulatory Sandbox Framework.
Zurück zum Zitat Banking Technology. (2016). Reserve Bank of India to Tackle Fintech Regulations. Banking Technology. (2016). Reserve Bank of India to Tackle Fintech Regulations.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhargava, G. S. (1971). Pakistan in Crisis. Delhi: Vikas Publications. Bhargava, G. S. (1971). Pakistan in Crisis. Delhi: Vikas Publications.
Zurück zum Zitat Business Recorder. (2017). VMware Partners with Meezan Bank. Business Recorder. Business Recorder. (2017). VMware Partners with Meezan Bank. Business Recorder.
Zurück zum Zitat CGAP. (2015). Digital Financial Inclusion. CGAP. (2015). Digital Financial Inclusion.
Zurück zum Zitat Chakrvorti, B., & Chaturvedi, R. S. (2017). Digital Planet: 2017. The Fletcher School, Tufts University. Chakrvorti, B., & Chaturvedi, R. S. (2017). Digital Planet: 2017. The Fletcher School, Tufts University.
Zurück zum Zitat Clarke, G. R., Zou, H., & Xu, L. C. (2003). Finance and Income Inequality: Test of Alternative Theories. World Bank Publications. Clarke, G. R., Zou, H., & Xu, L. C. (2003). Finance and Income Inequality: Test of Alternative Theories. World Bank Publications.
Zurück zum Zitat computerWeekly. (2017). Robots Replace Staff at Japanese Insurance Firm. ComputerWeekly. computerWeekly. (2017). Robots Replace Staff at Japanese Insurance Firm. ComputerWeekly.
Zurück zum Zitat Deloitte. (2016a). Blockchain: Enigma. Paradox: Opportunity. Deloitte. (2016a). Blockchain: Enigma. Paradox: Opportunity.
Zurück zum Zitat Deloitte. (2016b). Robo-advisors: Capitalizing on a Growing Opportunity. Deloitte. (2016b). Robo-advisors: Capitalizing on a Growing Opportunity.
Zurück zum Zitat Deloitte. (2017). Regulatory Sandbox: Making India a Global Fintech Hub. India: Deloitte India. Deloitte. (2017). Regulatory Sandbox: Making India a Global Fintech Hub. India: Deloitte India.
Zurück zum Zitat Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Klapper, L. (2013). Measuring Financial Inclusion: Explaining Variation in Use of Financial Services Across and Within Countries. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2013, 279–340.CrossRef Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Klapper, L. (2013). Measuring Financial Inclusion: Explaining Variation in Use of Financial Services Across and Within Countries. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2013, 279–340.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ernst & Young EY. (2016). The Rise of FinTech in China. Ernst & Young EY. (2016). The Rise of FinTech in China.
Zurück zum Zitat Ethis Crowd. (2016). Request for Statistics about Ethis Crowd Group—hussnain756@gmail.com—Gmail. Ethis Crowd. (2016). Request for Statistics about Ethis Crowd Group—hussnain756@gmail.com—Gmail.
Zurück zum Zitat FintechNewsCH. (2016). World Fintech Landscape. Fintech Schweiz Digit. Finance News—FintechNewsCH. FintechNewsCH. (2016). World Fintech Landscape. Fintech Schweiz Digit. Finance News—FintechNewsCH.
Zurück zum Zitat Fraz. (2015). An Analysis of the Information Technology Industry in Pakistan. Ravi Magazine. Fraz. (2015). An Analysis of the Information Technology Industry in Pakistan. Ravi Magazine.
Zurück zum Zitat Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (CPFI), World Bank, Bill and Melinda Foundations, Better Than Cash Alliance. (2014). The Opportunities of Digitizing Payments. Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (CPFI), World Bank, Bill and Melinda Foundations, Better Than Cash Alliance. (2014). The Opportunities of Digitizing Payments.
Zurück zum Zitat Govt of Pakistan. (2017). Pakistan Economy Survey 2016–2017, Islamabad, Pakistan. Govt of Pakistan. (2017). Pakistan Economy Survey 2016–2017, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Zurück zum Zitat GPFI, G. (2016). Digital Financial Inclusion: Emerging Policy Approaches. GPFI, G. (2016). Digital Financial Inclusion: Emerging Policy Approaches.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoor-Ul-Ain, S., & Wajidi, E. R. (2016). The Stigma of Corruption and the Decline of Good Governance In Pakistan. The Government—Annual Research Journal of Political Science, 5, 227–242. Hoor-Ul-Ain, S., & Wajidi, E. R. (2016). The Stigma of Corruption and the Decline of Good Governance In Pakistan. The Government—Annual Research Journal of Political Science, 5, 227–242.
Zurück zum Zitat ICMA. (2015). Business Climate in Pakistan. ICMA. (2015). Business Climate in Pakistan.
Zurück zum Zitat International Data Corporation (IDC). (2012). Worldwide Big Data Technology and Services Forecast, 2012–2016. International Data Corporation (IDC). (2012). Worldwide Big Data Technology and Services Forecast, 2012–2016.
Zurück zum Zitat International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO). (2017). Fintech and Securities Markets Regulation. International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO). (2017). Fintech and Securities Markets Regulation.
Zurück zum Zitat International Trade Administration ITA. (2016). 2016 Top Markets Report Financial Technology. Washington, DC: International Trade Administration. International Trade Administration ITA. (2016). 2016 Top Markets Report Financial Technology. Washington, DC: International Trade Administration.
Zurück zum Zitat Islamic Financial Services Board IFSB. (2017). Islamic Financial Services Industry Stability Report 2017. Malaysia: Bank Negara Malaysia. Islamic Financial Services Board IFSB. (2017). Islamic Financial Services Industry Stability Report 2017. Malaysia: Bank Negara Malaysia.
Zurück zum Zitat Jagtiani, J., & Lemieux, C. (2017). Fintech Lending: Financial Inclusion, Risk Pricing, and Alternative Information (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 3005260). Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. Jagtiani, J., & Lemieux, C. (2017). Fintech Lending: Financial Inclusion, Risk Pricing, and Alternative Information (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 3005260). Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network.
Zurück zum Zitat Javaid, U. (2010). Corruption and Its Deep Impact on Good Governance in Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 48, 123–134. Javaid, U. (2010). Corruption and Its Deep Impact on Good Governance in Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 48, 123–134.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanwal, M. (2017). Challenges Faced by IT Sector of Pakistan. TechJuice. Kanwal, M. (2017). Challenges Faced by IT Sector of Pakistan. TechJuice.
Zurück zum Zitat Karandaaz Pakistan & FinSurgents. (2017). Seeding Innovation—A Framework for Rooting Fintechs in Pakistan. Karandaaz Pakistan & FinSurgents. (2017). Seeding Innovation—A Framework for Rooting Fintechs in Pakistan.
Zurück zum Zitat Kemal, A. A. (2016). Mobile Banking for Financial Inclusion in Pakistan. Anglia Ruskin University. Kemal, A. A. (2016). Mobile Banking for Financial Inclusion in Pakistan. Anglia Ruskin University.
Zurück zum Zitat KPMG. (2016). Robo Advising: Hype or Opportunity? KPMG. (2016). Robo Advising: Hype or Opportunity?
Zurück zum Zitat Latif, Z. (2013). Political Violence and FDI: A Case Study of Pakistan Telecom Sector. Latif, Z. (2013). Political Violence and FDI: A Case Study of Pakistan Telecom Sector.
Zurück zum Zitat Mainelli, M., & Milne, A. (2016). The Impact and Potential of Blockchain on Securities Transaction Lifecycle. Mainelli, M., & Milne, A. (2016). The Impact and Potential of Blockchain on Securities Transaction Lifecycle.
Zurück zum Zitat Manyika, J., Lund, S., Singer, M., White, O., & Berry, C. (2016). Digital Finance for All: Powering Inclusive Growth in Emerging Economies. McKinsey & Co. Manyika, J., Lund, S., Singer, M., White, O., & Berry, C. (2016). Digital Finance for All: Powering Inclusive Growth in Emerging Economies. McKinsey & Co.
Zurück zum Zitat Masood, M. T., & Shah, F. (2012). Dilemma of Third World Countries-Problems Facing Pakistan Energy Crisis a Case-In-Point. International Journal of Business and Management, 7, 231. Masood, M. T., & Shah, F. (2012). Dilemma of Third World Countries-Problems Facing Pakistan Energy Crisis a Case-In-Point. International Journal of Business and Management, 7, 231.
Zurück zum Zitat Milne, A., & Parboteeah, P. (2016). The Business Models and Economics of Peer-to-Peer Lending (No. 17). European Credit Research Institute ECRI. Milne, A., & Parboteeah, P. (2016). The Business Models and Economics of Peer-to-Peer Lending (No. 17). European Credit Research Institute ECRI.
Zurück zum Zitat Ministry of Information Technology MOIT. (2017). Digital Pakistan Policy 2017. Ministry of Information Technology MOIT. (2017). Digital Pakistan Policy 2017.
Zurück zum Zitat MIT Technology Review Pakistan. (2017). ITU Scientometrics Lab Director Wins Global Award. MIT Technology Review Pakistan. MIT Technology Review Pakistan. (2017). ITU Scientometrics Lab Director Wins Global Award. MIT Technology Review Pakistan.
Zurück zum Zitat MyPrivateBanking. (2016). Robo Advisors are Gaining Popularity with High-Net-Worth Investors. MyPrivateBanking. (2016). Robo Advisors are Gaining Popularity with High-Net-Worth Investors.
Zurück zum Zitat Nasr, S. V. R. (1992). Democracy and the Crisis of Governability in Pakistan. Asian Survey, 32, 521–537.CrossRef Nasr, S. V. R. (1992). Democracy and the Crisis of Governability in Pakistan. Asian Survey, 32, 521–537.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nenova, T., Ahmad, A., & Thioro Niang, C. (2009). Bringing finance to Pakistan’s Poor: A Study on Access to Finance for the Underserved and Small Enterprises (No. 48672). The World Bank. Nenova, T., Ahmad, A., & Thioro Niang, C. (2009). Bringing finance to Pakistan’s Poor: A Study on Access to Finance for the Underserved and Small Enterprises (No. 48672). The World Bank.
Zurück zum Zitat Olavsrud, T. (2015). IDC Says Big Data Spending to Hit $48.6 Billion in 2019 [WWW Document]. CIO. Olavsrud, T. (2015). IDC Says Big Data Spending to Hit $48.6 Billion in 2019 [WWW Document]. CIO.
Zurück zum Zitat Papadokostaki, K., Mastorakis, G., Panagiotakis, S., Mavromoustakis, C. X., Dobre, C., & Batalla, J. M. (2017). Handling Big Data in the Era of Internet of Things (IoT). InAdvances in Mobile Cloud Computing and Big Data in the 5G Era (pp. 3–22). Springer. Papadokostaki, K., Mastorakis, G., Panagiotakis, S., Mavromoustakis, C. X., Dobre, C., & Batalla, J. M. (2017). Handling Big Data in the Era of Internet of Things (IoT). InAdvances in Mobile Cloud Computing and Big Data in the 5G Era (pp. 3–22). Springer.
Zurück zum Zitat patpatia & Association, C. (2016). Beyond Robo-Advisors: Using Technology to Power New Methods of Client Advice and Interaction. Patpatia & Associates, Inc. patpatia & Association, C. (2016). Beyond Robo-Advisors: Using Technology to Power New Methods of Client Advice and Interaction. Patpatia & Associates, Inc.
Zurück zum Zitat PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2016). Payments in the Wild Tech World: Digitisation and Changing Customer Expectations. PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2016). Payments in the Wild Tech World: Digitisation and Changing Customer Expectations.
Zurück zum Zitat PTA. (2016). Annual Report: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority. PTA. (2016). Annual Report: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority.
Zurück zum Zitat Raza, M. S., Fayyaz, M., & Syed, N. (2015). Overview of Financial Inclusion in Pakistan. International Journal of Management Science, 6, 572–581. Raza, M. S., Fayyaz, M., & Syed, N. (2015). Overview of Financial Inclusion in Pakistan. International Journal of Management Science, 6, 572–581.
Zurück zum Zitat Rotberg, R. I. (2012). Transformative Political Leadership: Making a Difference in the Developing World. University of Chicago Press. Rotberg, R. I. (2012). Transformative Political Leadership: Making a Difference in the Developing World. University of Chicago Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on Research Methods-Whatever Happened to Qualitative Description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 334–340.CrossRef Sandelowski, M. (2000). Focus on Research Methods-Whatever Happened to Qualitative Description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23, 334–340.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Santander. (2015). The Fintech 2.0 Paper: Rebooting Financial Services. Santander. (2015). The Fintech 2.0 Paper: Rebooting Financial Services.
Zurück zum Zitat SBP. (2014). Pakistan National Financial Inclusion Strategy. State Bank of Pakistan SBP. SBP. (2014). Pakistan National Financial Inclusion Strategy. State Bank of Pakistan SBP.
Zurück zum Zitat Schweitzer, M. E., & Barkley, B. (2017). Is ‘Fintech’ Good for Small Business Borrowers? Impacts on Firm Growth and Customer Satisfaction. Schweitzer, M. E., & Barkley, B. (2017). Is ‘Fintech’ Good for Small Business Borrowers? Impacts on Firm Growth and Customer Satisfaction.
Zurück zum Zitat Shafqat, S. (1999). Pakistani Bureaucracy: Crisis of Governance and Prospects of Reform. Pakistan Development Review, 38, 995–1017.CrossRef Shafqat, S. (1999). Pakistani Bureaucracy: Crisis of Governance and Prospects of Reform. Pakistan Development Review, 38, 995–1017.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shahbaz, M., & Islam, F. (2011). Financial Development and Income Inequality in Pakistan: An Application of ARDL Approach. Journal of Economic Development, 36, 35.CrossRef Shahbaz, M., & Islam, F. (2011). Financial Development and Income Inequality in Pakistan: An Application of ARDL Approach. Journal of Economic Development, 36, 35.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shaukat, M., Zafarullah, M., & Wajid, R. A. (2009). Information Technology in Pakistan: An Analysis of Problems Faced in IT Implementation by Pakistan’s Banking and Manufacturing Companies. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, PJSS, 29, 13–22. Shaukat, M., Zafarullah, M., & Wajid, R. A. (2009). Information Technology in Pakistan: An Analysis of Problems Faced in IT Implementation by Pakistan’s Banking and Manufacturing Companies. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, PJSS, 29, 13–22.
Zurück zum Zitat Statista. (2016). FinTech: Digital Payments. Statista. (2016). FinTech: Digital Payments.
Zurück zum Zitat Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. O’Reilly Media, Inc. Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Zurück zum Zitat Team, M. (2017). Challenges of IT Sector in Pakistan; Comparing National and Punjab IT Policy Drafts 2016. More News. Team, M. (2017). Challenges of IT Sector in Pakistan; Comparing National and Punjab IT Policy Drafts 2016. More News.
Zurück zum Zitat TechTarget, C. (2016). What Does Cloud Computing Look Like in 2016? (E-guide). TechTarget, C. (2016). What Does Cloud Computing Look Like in 2016? (E-guide).
Zurück zum Zitat The White House. (2016). Big Data: A Report on Algorithmic Systems, Opportunity, and Civil Rights. Washington, DC: White House Office. The White House. (2016). Big Data: A Report on Algorithmic Systems, Opportunity, and Civil Rights. Washington, DC: White House Office.
Zurück zum Zitat Turner, V., Gantz, J. F., Reinsel, D., & Minton, S. (2014). The Digital Universe of Opportunities: Rich Data and the Increasing Value of the Internet of Things. IDC Analyze the Future, 5. Turner, V., Gantz, J. F., Reinsel, D., & Minton, S. (2014). The Digital Universe of Opportunities: Rich Data and the Increasing Value of the Internet of Things. IDC Analyze the Future, 5.
Zurück zum Zitat World Bank. (2014). Global Financial Development Report 2014: Financial Inclusion. World Bank. World Bank. (2014). Global Financial Development Report 2014: Financial Inclusion. World Bank.
Zurück zum Zitat World Bank. (2015). The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion 2015. World Bank Publications. World Bank. (2015). The Little Data Book on Financial Inclusion 2015. World Bank Publications.
Zurück zum Zitat World Economic Forum WEF. (2015a). The Global Information Technology Report 2015. World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum WEF. (2015a). The Global Information Technology Report 2015. World Economic Forum.
Zurück zum Zitat World Economic Forum WEF. (2015b). The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016. World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum WEF. (2015b). The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016. World Economic Forum.
Zurück zum Zitat World Economic Forum WEF. (2016a). The Global Competitiveness Report 2016–2017. World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum WEF. (2016a). The Global Competitiveness Report 2016–2017. World Economic Forum.
Zurück zum Zitat World Economic Forum WEF. (2016b). The Global Information Technology Report 2016. World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum WEF. (2016b). The Global Information Technology Report 2016. World Economic Forum.
Zurück zum Zitat Yan, Z., Li, X., & Kantola, R. (2017). Heterogeneous Data Access Control Based on Trust and Reputation in Mobile Cloud Computing. InAdvances in Mobile Cloud Computing and Big Data in the 5G Era (pp. 65–113). Springer. Yan, Z., Li, X., & Kantola, R. (2017). Heterogeneous Data Access Control Based on Trust and Reputation in Mobile Cloud Computing. InAdvances in Mobile Cloud Computing and Big Data in the 5G Era (pp. 65–113). Springer.
Zurück zum Zitat Zahid, M., Rahman, H. U., Makki, B. I., Jehang, M., & Rehman, S. (2017). Branchless Banking in Pakistan: Opportunities and Challenges. NFC IEFR Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 5, 1–5. Zahid, M., Rahman, H. U., Makki, B. I., Jehang, M., & Rehman, S. (2017). Branchless Banking in Pakistan: Opportunities and Challenges. NFC IEFR Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research, 5, 1–5.
Zurück zum Zitat Zulfiqar, K., Chaudhary, M. A., & Aslam, A. (2016). Financial Inclusion and Its Implications for Inclusive Growth in Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 54, 297. Zulfiqar, K., Chaudhary, M. A., & Aslam, A. (2016). Financial Inclusion and Its Implications for Inclusive Growth in Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 54, 297.
Metadaten
Titel
Fintech and Financial Inclusion in Pakistan: An Exploratory Study
verfasst von
Hassnian Ali
Rose Abdullah
Copyright-Jahr
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39935-1_9