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2019 | Buch

Unwanted Fire and Fire Growth Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Fire Protection

Detection, Notification, and Suppression

verfasst von: Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

The Second Edition of this introduction to fire protection systems is completely revised and updated to offer the student, architect or engineer the basics of fire protection devices and equipment, and how they may be applied to any given project. Fire Protection: Detection, Notification, and Suppression reveals the “nuts and bolts” of fire protection system selection, design and equipment in an applied approach.
Whether a mechanical engineer, safety engineer, architect, estimator, fire service personnel, or student studying in these areas, the authors show the pros and the cons of protection systems being proposed, and how they should be compared to one another. It also gives non-fire engineering practitioners a sense of proportion when they are put in a position to select a consultant, and to give a sense of what the consultant may be doing and how a system is being matched to the hazard. Beginning fire protection engineers could also use its language for writing a report about these systems for a client.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
1. Unwanted Fire and Fire Growth
Abstract
We can’t discuss manual and automatic fire suppression systems without first discussing fire. This chapter answers the question “what is fire?” and how does it grow. This it contrasts with the actions of occupants and the fire service. Fire is defined by Quintiere (2017) as a “chemical reaction that involves the evolution of light and energy in sufficient amounts to be perceptible”. The concept of flashover and its importance to any building fire are examined.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
2. Automatic Sprinkler Heads
Abstract
Automatic sprinkler heads were the first practical, widely used, heat detectors. Their history is fascinating.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
3. Other Detection and Alarm Devices
Abstract
Selecting the proper fire detection and alarm systems requires a careful evaluation of all that the system is designed to accomplish as well as the hazard and the environment in which the detection system must operate. A detection system must fulfill two basic requirements. It must be sensitive enough to detect combustion within an acceptable and required time frame, and it must be reliable enough to not respond to non-fire activation sources. A determination of the proper detection system to use depends on a basic knowledge of the function of the different detectors, the hazard characteristics, and the four stages of combustion. It also must be pointed out that while some systems may be more sensitive to fire and smoke, they may not offer the unique advantage that sprinklers do – water where it is needed and when it is needed.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
4. Notification
Abstract
Fire alarm systems that report either on the premises being served or to parties remote from the original premise are direct descendants of the first viable commercial telegraph in developed in 1837 by Samuel Morse. In 1844 the first commercial telegraph line was constructed between Washington DC and Baltimore. The telegraph was the “internet” of its day, allowing text to travel from city to city on wires at the speed of light. Limitations were only the speed at which they could be coded and decoded.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
5. Fire Pumps and Water Supplies
Abstract
The first recorded attempts at fire suppression involved the use of water as an extinguishing agent to control an uncontrolled fire. Leather buckets filled with water were kept on hand by the householder to extinguish fires in the home, or to wet down combustible roofs to prevent the spread of fire to adjacent buildings from exposure to sparks and radiant heat.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
6. Underground Fire Mains
Abstract
Selection of underground pipe for fire protection depends on several considerations: an evaluation of the soil conditions, the maximum working pressure, and the external loads the pipe may experience by virtue of vehicular and other traffic. Fire protection water mains must be capable of withstanding the unusual, and sometimes severe, conditions associated with fire protection systems:
  • • fire pump pressure surges
  • • hose stream operation
  • • deluge system operation
  • • the sudden closing or opening of valves
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
7. Equipment and Devices
Abstract
The proper location of valves and other critical devices is important to ensure that the system may be shut off promptly after sprinklers have extinguished the fire, or to conserve water and pressure if pipes are broken. Equipment such as strainers are necessary to prevent clogging of the nozzles. These devices, as well as backflow preventers, tap connections, and hangers, are integral parts of any fire prevention system. The purpose, use, and installation of these important elements are discussed in this chapter.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
8. Firefighter Intervention: Manual Fire Suppression
Abstract
Fire department tactics are usually a function of the structure being defended. Because of the large lumber industry in the US, there is a tendency to construct structures of wood. The configuration of wood in these structures leads to fires that may not only consist of burning the contents of a structure, but also the structure itself. Many countries outside the US, depending on their location and legislation may use more brick and stone in their construction. This leads to more contents fire and less structural fires, and therefore sometimes completely different fire department tactics. The “manual suppression coordinated operations” very generally discussed here are those of the US.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
9. Sprinkler Systems and Their Types
Abstract
There is nothing new in the world, it has often been said: The same basic elements and concepts are merely used in different ways. This holds true for the wet pipe sprinkler system in the use of water as the agent in fire protection. All other automatic fire protection systems using water as the suppression agent have evolved from the wet pipe system. The wet pipe system has been sophisticated and adapted to specific requirements and environments, therefore, a thorough understanding of this system is the foundation on which to build basic knowledge of other systems using water as the fire suppression agent. After explaining the wet pipe system, this chapter will describe other systems in common use today: dry pipe sprinkler systems, pre-action systems, deluge systems, water spray systems.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
10. Hydraulic Calculations of Sprinkler Systems
Abstract
Automatic sprinkler systems are classified as light hazard, ordinary hazard, and extra hazard based on the building use or type of occupancy the system it is designed to protect, and there are different pipe size schedules for each of these three classifications.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
11. Foam Systems
Abstract
In August 27, 1859, Edwin L. Drake struck oil 69–1/2′ below the earth’s surface near Titusville, Pennsylvania, and created the first producing oil well in the United States, pumping 25 barrels a day. The discovery ushered in not only a new era in technology, but also the beginning of new and unique fire protection problems.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
12. Dry-Agent Automatic Suppression Systems
Abstract
In situations where water and other wet suppression systems are not practical methods of fire protection, dry agent suppression must be used. These include Carbon Dioxide (CO2), dry chemical, halon systems, and Halon replacement systems.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
13. Regulatory Agencies, Authorities and Organizations
Abstract
Understanding regulatory agencies and the authorities having jurisdiction is key to designing, engineering, specifying, estimating, and installing fire protection systems.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
14. Fire Suppression System Specifications
Abstract
Fire protection specifications are extremely important documents-from the standpoint of both project performance and quality assurance. The fire protection specification tells the contractor exactly what the designer wants in the way of equipment, material, installation, and overall project quality.
Robert C. Till, J. Walter Coon
Metadaten
Titel
Fire Protection
verfasst von
Robert C. Till
J. Walter Coon
Copyright-Jahr
2019
Electronic ISBN
978-3-319-90844-1
Print ISBN
978-3-319-90843-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90844-1