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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Food for All

verfasst von : Danielle Nierenberg, Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition

Erschienen in: Nourished Planet

Verlag: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics

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Abstract

In Chipata, Zambia, a revolution is taking place. The organization Zasaka is getting farmers in that southern African country access to corn grinders, nut shellers, solar lights, and water pumps. Although these technologies might not seem revolutionary, they are producing game-changing results, helping Zambian farmers increase their incomes, prevent food loss and waste, and reduce their load of backbreaking manual labor. But Zasaka is doing more than helping farmers become more prosperous; it is showing the country’s young people how farming can be an opportunity, something they want to do, not something they feel forced to do simply because they have no other options.

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Fußnoten
1
Field visit to Zasaka, Danielle Nierenberg, June 2015.
 
2
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3
“Threats: Soil Erosion and Degradation,” World Wildlife Fund (2017), https://​www.​worldwildlife.​org/​threats/​soil-erosion-and-degradation
 
5
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6
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7
Ibid.
 
8
DeLong et al., “The Soil Degradation Paradox.”
 
9
Ibid.
 
10
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11
Ibid.
 
12
DeLong et al., “The Soil Degradation Paradox.”
 
13
S. Scherr, “Soil Degradation: A Threat to Developing-Country Food Security by 2020?” International Food Policy Research Institute (1999).
 
14
DeLong et al., “The Soil Degradation Paradox.”
 
15
Ibid.
 
16
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17
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18
Scherr, “Soil Degradation.”
 
19
Ibid.
 
20
Ibid.
 
21
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22
Scherr, “Soil Degradation.”
 
23
Ibid.
 
24
F. Santibanez and L. Berry, “In Coquimbo Region–Chile: Its Extent and Impact,” GM and the World Bank (2003).
 
25
Ibid.
 
26
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27
Ibid.
 
29
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30
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31
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32
S. Snapp et al., “Biodiversity Can Support a Greener Revolution in Africa,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 48 (2010), http://​www.​pnas.​org/​content/​107/​48/​20840.​short
 
33
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34
Snapp et al., “Biodiversity Can Support a Greener Revolution in Africa.”
 
35
É. Maillard and D.A. Angers, “Animal Manure Application and Soil Organic Carbon Stocks: A Meta-Analysis,” Global Change Biology 20, no. 2 (2014): 666–79, https://​www.​ncbi.​nlm.​nih.​gov/​pubmed/​24132954; L. Xia, S.K. Lam, X. Yan, and D. Chen, “How Does Recycling of Livestock Manure in Agroecosystems Affect Crop Productivity, Reactive Nitrogen Losses, and Soil Carbon Balance?,” Environmental Science and Technology 51, no. 13 (2017): 7450–7457, http://​pubs.​acs.​org/​doi/​abs/​10.​1021/​acs.​est.​6b06470
 
36
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37
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38
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39
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40
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41
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42
“Double Pyramid: Healthy Food for People, Sustainable Food for the Planet,” BCFN (2016), https://​www.​barillacfn.​com/​m/​publications/​pp-double-pyramid-healthy-diet-for-people-sustainable-for-the-planet.​pdf
 
43
Ibid.
 
44
G. Eshel, A. Shepon, T. Makov, and R. Milo, “Land, Irrigation Water, Greenhouse Gas, and Reactive Nitrogen Burdens of Meat, Eggs, and Dairy Production in the United States,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111, no. 33 (2014): 11996–2001, www.​pnas.​org/​content/​111/​33/​11996.​full
 
45
J. DeMarco, “Kiss the Ground Releases the Compost Story with a Celebrity Cast,” Food Tank (2017), https://​foodtank.​com/​news/​2017/​05/​the-compost-story-brought-to-you-by-kiss-the-ground/​; A. Groome and J. Wilson, “The Regeneration Hub: Mapping the Regeneration Movement,” Food Tank (2017), https://​foodtank.​com/​news/​2017/​03/​regeneration-hub-mapping-regeneration-movement/​; “Regenerative Organic Agriculture and Global Change: A Down-­to-­Earth Solution to Global Warming,” The Rodale Institute (2014), https://​rodaleinstitute.​org/​assets/​RegenOrgAgricult​ureAndClimateCha​nge_​20140418.​pdf
 
46
F. Burchi and P. De Muro, “From Food Availability to Nutritional Capabilities: Advancing Food Security Analysis,” Food Policy (2015), www.​sciencedirect.​com/​science/​article/​pii/​S030691921500035​4; “Food Security: Policy Brief,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (2006), http://​www.​fao.​org/​forestry/​13128-0e6f36f27e009105​5bec28ebe830f46b​3.​pdf
 
48
“The Cost of the Double Burden of Malnutrition,” World Food Programme and the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (2017), www.​es.​wfp.​org/​sites/​default/​files/​es/​file/​english_​brochure_​april_​26_​2017.​pdf
 
49
“Globally Almost 870 Million Chronically Undernourished—New Hunger Report,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (2012), www.​fao.​org/​news/​story/​en/​item/​161819/​icode/​
 
50
“The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (2015), www.​fao.​org/​hunger/​glossary/​en/​; A. Shattuck and E. Holt-Gimenez, “Why the Lugar–Casey Global Food Security Act Will Fail to Curb Hunger,” Food First (2009), https://​foodfirst.​org/​publication/​why-the-lugar-casey-global-food-security-act-will-fail-to-curb-hunger/​; L.A. Thrupp, “Linking Agricultural Biodiversity and Food Security: The Valuable Role of Sustainable Agriculture,” Royal Institute of International Affairs 76 (2000): 265–81; S. Martinez, M. Hand, M. Da Pra, S. Pollack, K. Ralston, T. Smith, S. Vogel, S. Clark, L. Lohr, S. Low, and C. Newman, “Local Food Systems: Concepts, Impacts, and Issues,” United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (USDA ERS) (2010), https://​www.​ers.​usda.​gov/​webdocs/​publications/​46393/​7054_​err97_​1_​.​pdf?​v=​42265
 
51
“The American Food Paradox: Growing Obese and Going Hungry,” Working Knowledge: Business Research for Business Leaders, Harvard Business School (18 December 2017), www.​hbswk.​hbs.​edu/​item/​the-american-food-paradox-growing-obese-and-going-hungry
 
52
Ibid.
 
53
L. Dinour, D. Bergen, and M.C. Yeh, “The Food Insecurity–Obesity Paradox: A Review of the Literature and the Role Food Stamps May Play,” Journal of the American Dietetic Association 107, no. 11 (2007): 1952–61.
 
54
“Poverty,” The World Bank (2016), www.​worldbank.​org/​en/​topic/​poverty/​overview; “The World’s Cities in 2016,” United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2016), http://​www.​un.​org/​en/​development/​desa/​population/​publications/​pdf/​urbanization/​the_​worlds_​cities_​in_​2016_​data_​booklet.​pdf
 
55
“Growth and Poverty Reduction in Agriculture’s Three Worlds: World Development Report 2008,” The World Bank (2008), https://​openknowledge.​worldbank.​org/​bitstream/​handle/​10986/​5990/​9780821368077_​ch01.​pdf
 
56
E. Dabla-Norris, K. Kochhar, N. Suphaphiphat, F. Ricka, and E. Tsounta, “Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality: A Global Perspective,” International Monetary Fund (2015), https://​www.​imf.​org/​external/​pubs/​ft/​sdn/​2015/​sdn1513.​pdf
 
57
M. Visciaveo and F. Rosa, “Volatilità dei prezzi agricoli: un confronto fra prodotti e paesi dell’Ue,” Agriregionieuropa 8, no. 31 (2012).
 
58
“International Year of Family Farming: Successes of Cover Cropping Explored in National Survey,” Food Tank (2013), https://​foodtank.​com/​news/​2013/​09/​successes-of-cover-cropping-explored-in-national-survey/​; “Using Agroforestry to Save the Planet,” Food Tank (2013), https://​foodtank.​com/​news/​2016/​05/​using-agroforestry-to-save-the-planet/​; “The Regeneration Hub: Mapping the Regeneration Movement,” Food Tank (2017), https://​foodtank.​com/​news/​2017/​03/​regeneration-hub-mapping-regeneration-movement/​; “Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Eating Less Meat, CGIAR Report Says,” Food Tank (2016), https://​foodtank.​com/​news/​2016/​10/​reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-eating-less-meat-cgiar-report-says/​; “Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change,” BCFN (2011), www.​barillacfn.​com/​wp-content/​uploads/​2012/​11/​pp_​agricoltura_​sostenibile_​cambiamento_​climatico_​eng.​pdf
 
59
P. Sundell and M. Shane, “The 2008–09 Recession and Recovery: Implications for the Growth and Financial Health of US Agriculture,” United States Department of Agriculture (2012), https://​www.​ers.​usda.​gov/​publications/​pub-details/​?​pubid=​40484
 
60
S. Daniel and A. Mittal, “The Great Land Grab: Rush for World’s Farmland Threatens Food Security for the Poor,” The Oakland Institute (2009), https://​www.​oaklandinstitute​.​org/​sites/​oaklandinstitute​.​org/​files/​great-land-grab.​pdf
 
61
Ibid.
 
62
Whereas the World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and International Development Association) provides credit and nonlending assistance to governments, the IFC provides loans and equity financing, advice, and technical services to the private sector. The IFC is one of the fastest-­growing institutions in the World Bank Group and has made important investments to improve local private sector companies, but its projects have often been carried through at the expense of physical and economic displacement for thousands. Source: “International Financial Institutions,” Bank Information Center (BIC) (2017), http://​www.​bankinformationc​enter.​org/​resources/​institutions/​ifc/​
 
63
A.F. Khan, “Corporate Farming and Food Security,” DAWN (29 December 2008), https://​www.​dawn.​com/​news/​336215
 
64
Ibid.
 
65
Ibid.
 
66
I. Husain, “Pakistan, the Great Land Grab,” DAWN (9 May 2009), https://​www.​dawn.​com/​news/​833579
 
67
D. Montero, “Insecurity Drives Farm Purchases Abroad,” Christian Science Monitor (22 December 2008), https://​www.​csmonitor.​com/​World/​Asia-South-Central/​2008/​1222/​p01s06-wosc.​html
 
68
Ibid.
 
69
“The State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA), 2008,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (2008), http://​www.​fao.​org/​docrep/​011/​i0100e/​i0100e00.​htm
 
70
“Kathmandu Declaration: Securing Rights to Land for Peace and Food Security,” International Land Coalition (2009), http://​www.​landcoalition.​org/​sites/​default/​files/​documents/​resources/​09_​katmandu_​declaration_​e.​pdf
 
71
R. Naylor and W. Falcon, “Food Security in an Era of Economic Volatility,” Population and Development Review 36, no. 4 (2010): 693–723, http://​citeseerx.​ist.​psu.​edu/​viewdoc/​download?​doi=​10.​1.​1.​472.​5979&​rep=​rep1&​type=​pdf
 
72
M. Ivanic and W. Martin, “Implications of Higher Global Food Prices for Poverty in Low-Income Countries,” The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Series (2008), https://​ssrn.​com/​abstract=​1149097
 
73
“How High Food Prices Affect the World’s Poor,” World Food Programme (2012), https://​www.​wfp.​org/​stories/​how-high-food-prices-affect-worlds-poor
 
74
“Eating Planet Food and Sustainability: Building Our Future,” BCFN (2016), https://​www.​barillacfn.​com/​media/​pdf/​Barilla_​Eating_​planet-2016_​Eng_​S_​abstract.​pdf
 
75
H. Kharas, “Making Sense of Food Price Volatility,” Brookings (2011), https://​www.​brookings.​edu/​opinions/​making-sense-of-food-price-volatility/​
 
76
D. Nierenberg, “Hedging against Hunger: Our Best Bet to Avoid a Global Food Bubble,” Huffington Post (3 February 2013); R. Bailey, T. Benton, et al., “Extreme Weather and Resilience of the Global Food System: Final Project Report from the UK–US Taskforce on Extreme Weather and Global Food System Resilience,” The Global Food Security Programme, UK (2015), http://​ilsi.​org/​publication/​extreme-weather-and-resilience-of-the-global-food-system/​; G. Tadesse, B. Algieri, M. Kalkuhl, and J. von Braun, “Drivers and Triggers of International Food Price Spikes and Volatility,” Food Policy 47:117–128 (2014), https://​www.​sciencedirect.​com/​science/​article/​pii/​S030691921300118​8
 
77
D. Nierenberg and K. Paramaguru, “Betting on Hunger: Is Financial Speculation to Blame for High Food Prices?,” Time (12 December 2012), http://​science.​time.​com/​2012/​12/​17/​betting-on-hunger-is-financial-speculation-to-blame-for-high-food-prices/​?​iid=​sr-link7; R. Sharma, “The Next Global Crash: Why You Should Fear the Commodities Bubble,” The Atlantic (16 April 2012), https://​www.​theatlantic.​com/​business/​archive/​2012/​04/​the-next-global-crash-why-you-should-fear-the-commodities-bubble/​255901/​; “Excessive Speculation in Agricultural Commodities,” Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) (2011), http://​www20.​iadb.​org/​intal/​catalogo/​PE/​2011/​08247.​pdf; J. Vidal, “UN Warns of Looming Worldside Food Crisis in 2013,” The Guardian (13 October 2012), https://​www.​theguardian.​com/​global-development/​2012/​oct/​14/​un-global-food-crisis-warning
 
78
D. Nierenberg and F. Kaufman, “The Food Bubble: How Wall Street Starved Millions and Got Away with It,” Harper’s Magazine (July 2010), https://​frederickkaufman​.​typepad.​com/​files/​the-food-bubble-pdf.​pdf
 
79
D. Nierenberg, “Oxfam Gets Behind Our Demands for Regulation of Food Speculation,” Global Justice Now (6 October 2011), http://​www.​globaljustice.​org.​uk/​blog/​2011/​oct/​6/​oxfam-gets-behind-our-demands-regulation-food-speculation; B. Scott “A Guide to Food Speculation: How to Argue with a Banker,” The Ecologist (9 June 2011), https://​theecologist.​org/​2011/​jun/​09/​guide-food-speculation-how-argue-banker
 
80
D. Nierenberg, T.A. Wise, and S. Murphy, “Resolving the Food Crisis: Assessing Global Policy Reforms Since 2007,” Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) (2012), http://​www.​ase.​tufts.​edu/​gdae/​Pubs/​rp/​ResolvingFoodCri​sis.​pdf
 
81
J. Gleaves, “Bet the Farm: Six Questions for Frederick Kaufman,” Harper’s Magazine (2012), https://​harpers.​org/​blog/​2012/​10/​bet-the-farm-six-questions-for-frederick-kaufman/​
 
82
I. Perez, “Climate Change and Rising Food Prices Heightened Arab Spring,” Scientific American (2013), https://​www.​scientificameric​an.​com/​article/​climate-change-and-rising-food-prices-heightened-arab-spring/​; C. Werrell and F. Femia, “The Arab Spring and Climate Change: A Climate and Security Correlations Series,” Center for American Progress, Stimson, and the Center for Climate and Security (2013), https://​climateandsecuri​ty.​files.​wordpress.​com/​2012/​04/​climatechangeara​bspring-ccs-cap-stimson.​pdf
 
83
“Severe Droughts Drive Food Prices Higher, Threatening the Poor,” The World Bank (2012), www.​worldbank.​org/​en/​news/​press-release/​2012/​08/​30/​severe-droughts-drive-food-prices-higher-threatening-poor; “Food Price Watch,” The World Bank and Poverty Reduction and Equity Group (2012), www.​siteresources.​worldbank.​org/​EXTPOVERTY/​Resources/​336991-1311966520397/​Food-Price-Watch-August-2012.​pdf
 
84
“Eating Planet Food and Sustainability: Building Our Future,” BCFN (2016), https://​www.​barillacfn.​com/​media/​pdf/​Barilla_​Eating_​planet-2016_​Eng_​S_​abstract.​pdf
 
85
S. Goldenberg, “Climate Change ‘Already Affecting Food Supply’—UN,” The Guardian (2014), https://​www.​theguardian.​com/​environment/​2014/​mar/​31/​climate-change-food-supply-un; M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden, and C.E. Hanson, “Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007,” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007), http://​www.​ipcc.​ch/​publications_​and_​data/​ar4/​wg2/​en/​contents.​html
 
86
“FAO/IFAD/WFP Call upon G20 to Redouble Efforts to Fight Hunger,” World Food Programme (WFP) (2012), https://​www.​wfp.​org/​news/​news-release/​faoifadwfp-call-upon-g20-redouble-efforts-fight-hunger
 
88
“Food Desert Locator,” U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service (USDA FNS) (2011), https://​www.​fns.​usda.​gov/​tags/​food-desert-locator
 
89
J. Bailey, “Rural Grocery Stores: Importance and Challenges,” Center for Rural Affairs (2010), www.​files.​cfra.​org/​pdf/​rural-grocery-stores.​pdf
 
90
“People’s Community Market: More than a Grocery Store,” People’s Community Market (2017), www.​peoplescommunity​market.​com
 
91
“California FreshWorks Fund,” Northern California Community Loan Fund (2017), https://​www.​ncclf.​org/​california-freshworks/​
 
92
“American Community Gardening Association,” American Community Gardening Association (2017), https://​communitygarden.​org
 
93
“Healthy Corner Stores,” City of Minneapolis Government (2017), www.​minneapolismn.​gov/​health/​living/​new%20​cornerstores
 
94
“Second Harvest Food Bank of Santa Clara and San Mateo Counties,” Second Harvest Food Bank (2014), www.​shfb.​org; “Peaches and Greens Produce Market,” Peaches and Greens Produce Market (2017), www.​peachesandgreens​.​org; “Garden on the Go,” Indiana University Health (2017), www.​iuhealth.​org/​about-iu-health/​in-the-community/​healthy-weight-and-nutrition/​garden-on-the-go/​
 
95
“Women: Key to Food Security,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (2011), http://​www.​fao.​org/​docrep/​014/​am719e/​am719e00.​pdf
 
96
“Projects in Kenya,” World Agroforestry Centre (2017), http://​www.​worldagroforestr​y.​org/​country/​kenya/​projects
 
97
“Agroforestry Science to Support the Millennium Development Goals,” World Agroforestry Centre (2005), http://​www.​worldagroforestr​y.​org/​downloads/​Publications/​PDFS/​R14568.​pdf
 
98
“Country: Cambodia,” System of Rice Intensification (SRI) International Network and Resources Center (2014), http://​sri.​cals.​cornell.​edu/​countries/​cambodia/​index.​html
 
Metadaten
Titel
Food for All
verfasst von
Danielle Nierenberg
Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-895-4_1