nach oben

Environmental Management

Erschienen in:

29.01.2021

Forest Cover Change and Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Community Forest in Mechinagar and Buddhashanti Landscape (MBL), Nepal

verfasst von: Sushila Rijal, Kuaanan Techato, Saroj Gyawali, Nigel Stork, Megh Raj Dangal, Sutinee Sinutok

Erschienen in: Environmental Management | Ausgabe 5/2021

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

The community-based forest management program has been successful in the conservation of forest cover in Nepal. We investigated forest cover change for the Mechinagar and Buddhashanti Landscape (MBL) area within the Jhapa district, Nepal, during 1990–2019 using Landsat images and GIS tools and valuated the major ecosystem services (ES) of Kalika Community-managed Forest (KCF) within the MBL landscape using the economic approach–market price method (revealed price). Land cover analysis of the MBL area indicated that over the study period, there were increases in urban/built-up areas, forest, and tea plantations, and declines in cultivated land, shrub, barren land, water body, and grassland areas. In particular, forest cover increased by 8.6% from 41.5 sq.km to 45.1 sq.km, due to the conversion of 3.9 sq.km cultivated land and 2.4 sq.km shrub into forest cover. KCF, the selected case study area for ES valuation, has been successful in providing noticeable economic benefits from provisioning and cultural services. Of the provisioning services, wood and timber make the largest contribution with an average revenue collection of Nepali Rupees (NRs) 3091.4 thousands followed by non-timber forest products (NRs 883.1 thousands) and firewood (NRs 524.3 thousands), respectively, while ecotourism-based income is also important (NRs 458.4 thousands) and is increasing in later years. As monitoring forest cover in a rapidly changing landscape and evaluating the ES of the community-managed forest cover are imperative for sustainable environmental planning and policy formulation, these research outputs are expected to be a significant benchmark for planners, policy makers, and future researchers.

Vorheriger Artikel Farm Households’ Adoption of Climate-smart Practices in Subsistence Agriculture: Evidence from Northern Togo

Nächster Artikel Landowners’ Socio-Cultural Valuation of Ecosystem Services Provided by Trees in Costa Rican Agricultural Landscapes

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Acharya R, Maraseni T, Cockfield G (2019a) Global trend of forest ecosystem services valuation@ An analysis of publications. Ecosyst Serv 39:100979CrossRef

Acharya RP, Maraseni T, Cockfield G (2020) Assessing the financial contribution and carbon emission pattern of provisioning ecosystem services in Siwalik forests in Nepal: Valuation from the perspectives of disaggregated users. Land Use Policy 95:104647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104647CrossRef

Acharya RP, Maraseni TN, Cockfield G (2019b) Local users and other stakeholders’ perceptions of the identification and prioritization of ecosystem services in fragile mountains: a case study of chure region of Nepal forests 10:421

Adhikari S, Baral H, Sudhir Chitale V, Nitschke CR (2019) Perceived changes in ecosystem services in the Panchase Mountain ecological region, Nepal. Resources 8:4CrossRef

Aerts R, Honnay O (2011) Forest restoration, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. BMC Ecol 11:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-11-29CrossRef

Agrawal A, Chhatre A, Hardin R (2008) Changing governance of the world’s forests. Science 320:1460–1462. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155369CrossRef

Ahammad R, Stacey N, Eddy IMS, Tomscha SA, Sunderland TCH (2019) Recent trends of forest cover change and ecosystem services in eastern upland region of Bangladesh. Sci Total Environ 647:379–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.406CrossRef

Anderson JR, Hardy EE, Roach JT, Witmer RE (1976) A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data. https://doi.org/10.3133/pp964

Balthazar V, Vanacker V, Molina A, Lambin EF (2015) Impacts of forest cover change on ecosystem services in high Andean mountains. Ecol Indic 48:63–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.07.043CrossRef

Baniya B, Tang Q, Pokhrel Y, Xu X (2019) Vegetation dynamics and ecosystem service values changes at national and provincial scales in Nepal from 2000 to 2017. Environ Dev 32:100464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2019.100464CrossRef

Baral H, Keenan RJ, Sharma SK, Stork NE, Kasel S (2014) Economic evaluation of ecosystem goods and services under different landscape management scenarios. Land Use Policy 39:54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.03.008CrossRef

Baral N, Stern MJ, Hammett AL (2012) Developing a scale for evaluating ecotourism by visitors: a study in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. J Sustain Tour 20:975–989. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.663379CrossRef

Baral P, Wen Y, Urriola NN (2018) Forest cover changes and trajectories in a typical middle mountain watershed of Western Nepal Land 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/land7020072

Basnyat B (2020) Commodifying the community forestry: a case from scientific forestry practices in Western Hills of Nepal. J For Res 25:69–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2020.1743406CrossRef

BCF (2019) Bansbari Community Forest Ofice Auditor’s report. BCF, Mechinagar

Bhandari PKC, Bhusal P, Paudel G, Upadhyaya CP, Khanal Chhetri BB(2019) Importance of community forestry funds for rural development in Nepal. Resources 8:85CrossRef

Bhatta LD, van Oort BEH, Stork NE, Baral H (2015) Ecosystem services and livelihoods in a changing climate: understanding local adaptations in the Upper Koshi, Nepal. Int J Biodivers Sci Ecosyst Serv Manag 11:145–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2015.1027793CrossRef

Bhusal NP (2009) Chitwan National Park: a prime destination of eco-tourism in Central Tarai Region, Nepal The Third Pole 5:70–75. https://doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v5i0.1956CrossRef

Birch JC et al. (2014) What benefits do community forests provide, and to whom? A rapid assessment of ecosystem services from a Himalayan forest, Nepal. Ecosyst Serv 8:118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.03.005CrossRef

Blomley T (2013) Lessons learned from community forestry in Africa and their relevance for REDD+. USAID-supported Forest Carbon, Markets and Communities (FCMC) Program, Washington, FC

Blomley T, Pfliegner K, Isango J, Zahabu E, Ahrends A, Burgess N (2008) Seeing the wood for the trees: an assessment of the impact of participatory forest management on forest condition in Tanzania. Oryx 42:380–391. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605308071433CrossRef

Boerema A, Schoelynck J, Bal K, Vrebos D, Jacobs S, Staes J, Meire P (2014) Economic valuation of ecosystem services, a case study for aquatic vegetation removal in the Nete catchment (Belgium). Ecosyst Serv 7:46–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2013.08.001CrossRef

Brandt JS, Buckley RC (2018) A global systematic review of empirical evidence of ecotourism impacts on forests in biodiversity hotspots. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 32:112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.04.004CrossRef

Bruggeman D, Meyfroidt P, Lambin EF (2015) Production forests as a conservation tool: effectiveness of Cameroon’s land use zoning policy. Land Use Policy 42:151–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.07.012CrossRef

Burivalova Z, Hua F, Koh LP, Garcia C, Putz F (2017) A critical comparison of conventional, certified, and community management of tropical forests for timber in terms of environmental, economic, and social variables. Conserv Lett 10:4–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12244CrossRef

CBS (2011) National population and housing census, vol 1. Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu

Congalton RG, Green K (2019) Assessing the accuracy of remotely sensed data: principles and practices. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL

Dahal BK, AnupK C, Sapkota RP (2020) Environmental Impacts of Community-Based Home stay Ecotourism in Nepal. J Tour Hosp 11:60–80

Dalle SP, de Blois S, Caballero J, Johns T (2006) Integrating analyses of local land-use regulations, cultural perceptions and land-use/land cover data for assessing the success of community-based conservation. For Ecol Manag 222:370–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.052CrossRef

de Groot R et al. (2012) Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units. Ecosyst Serv 1:50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.005CrossRef

Duguma LA et al. (2018) Community forestry frameworks in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact on sustainable development. Ecol Soc 23. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10514-230421

Dziba L et al. (2019) Chapter 4—Direct and indirect drivers of change in biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people. In IPBES (2018): The IPBES regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Africa. Archer, E., Dziba L, Mulongoy KJ, Maoela MA, Walters M (eds.) Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany, p 207–296

Felipe-Lucia MR, Comín FA, Escalera-Reyes J (2015) A framework for the social valuation of ecosystem services. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0555-2

Fisher B, Turner RK, Morling P (2009) Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making. Ecol Econ 68:643–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.09.014CrossRef

Fisher R, Hirsh P (2008) Poverty and agrarian-forest interactions in Thailand. Geogr Res 46:74–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00493.xCrossRef

GACF (2010) Enhancing locally controlled forestry voice of community forestry media program. http://www.g3forest.org/userfiles/file/G3/CaseStudies/GACFCasestudies/GACF%20Communication%20Project.pdf. Accessed 30 June 2020

Giam X (2017) Global biodiversity loss from tropical deforestation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 114:5775–5777. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706264114CrossRef

Hauck J, Winkler KJ, Priess JA (2015) Reviewing drivers of ecosystem change as input for environmental and ecosystem services modelling. Sustain Water Qual Ecol 5:9–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2015.01.003CrossRef

Honey M (2008) Ecotourism and sustainable development: who owns paradise? Island Press. http://worldcat.org and http://site.ebrary.com/id/10508797

Jacobs S et al. (2018) The means determine the end—pursuing integrated valuation in practice. Ecosyst Serv 29:515–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.07.011CrossRef

JEW (2019) Jamunkhadi ecotourism and wetland report, vol 36. JEW, Jhapa, Nepal

Joshi G, Negi GCS (2011) Quantification and valuation of forest ecosystem services in the western Himalayan region of India. Int J Biodivers Sci Ecosyst Serv Manag 7:2–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2011.598134CrossRef

KCF (2015) Kalika Community Forest Community Forest Operational Plan (2015-2025). KCF, Mechinagar, p 11–12

KCF (2020) Forest products and financial report. Kalika Community Forest, Mechinagar

Kunwar RM, Evans A, Mainali J, Ansari AS, Rimal B, Bussmann RW (2018) Change in forest and vegetation cover influencing distribution and uses of plants in the Kailash Sacred Landscape, Nepal. Environ Dev Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0254-4

Lamichhane BR et al. (2019) Contribution of buffer zone programs to reduce human-wildlife impacts: the Case of the Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Hum Ecol 47:95–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-0054-yCrossRef

Lhoest S, Dufrêne M, Vermeulen C, Oszwald J, Doucet J-L, Fayolle A (2019) Perceptions of ecosystem services provided by tropical forests to local populations in Cameroon. Ecosyst Serv 38:100956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100956CrossRef

Lhoest S et al. (2020) Quantifying the use of forest ecosystem services by local populations in Southeastern Cameroon. Sustainability 12:2505CrossRef

Lima IB, d’Hauteserre A-M (2011) Community capitals and ecotourism for enhancing Amazonian forest livelihoods. Anatolia 22:184–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2011.597933CrossRef

Lonn P, Mizoue N, Ota T, Kajisa T, Yoshida S (2018) Evaluating the Contribution of Community-based Ecotourism (CBET) to household income and livelihood changes: a case study of the Chambok CBET Program in Cambodia. Ecol Econ 151:62–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.04.036CrossRef

Lonn P, Mizoue N, Ota T, Kajisa T, Yoshida S (2019) Using Forest Cover Maps and Local People’s Perceptions to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Community-based Ecotourism for Forest Conservation in Chambok (Cambodia) Environ Conserv 46:111–117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892918000462CrossRef

Mengist W, Soromessa T (2019) Assessment of forest ecosystem service research trends and methodological approaches at global level: a meta-analysis. Environ Syst Res 8:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-019-0150-4CrossRef

Niraula RR, Gilani H, Pokharel BK, Qamer FM (2013) Measuring impacts of community forestry program through repeat photography and satellite remote sensing in the Dolakha district of Nepal. J Environ Manag 126:20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.006CrossRef

Pandey B, Seto KC (2015) Urbanization and agricultural land loss in India: comparing satellite estimates with census data. J Environ Manag 148:53–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.014CrossRef

Paudel NS (2013) Community forestry, ecosystem services and poverty alleviation: evidence from Nepal. A conference paper. Paper presented at the Fourteenth Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of the Commons, Fuji, Japan, June 3–7

Paudyal K, Baral H, Bhandari S, Bhandari A, Keenan R (2019) Spatial assessment of the impact of land use and land cover change on supply of ecosystem services in Phewa watershed, Nepal. Ecosyst Serv 36:100895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100895CrossRef

Paudyal K, Baral H, Burkhard B, Bhandari SP, Keenan RJ (2015) Participatory assessment and mapping of ecosystem services in a data-poor region: case study of community-managed forests in central Nepal. Ecosyst Serv 13:81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.01.007CrossRef

Paudyal K, Baral H, Lowell K, Keenan R (2017) Ecosystem services from community-based forestry in Nepal: realising local and global benefits. 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.046

Payne C (2016) Legal liability for environmental damage: the United Nations Compensation Commission and the 1990-1991 Gulf War. pp 71–760. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203109793-33

Peh KS-H et al. (2014) Benefits and costs of ecological restoration: rapid assessment of changing ecosystem service values at a U.K. wetland. Ecol Evol 4:3875–3886. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1248CrossRef

Pokharel BK, Nurse M (2004) Forests and people’s livelihood: benefiting the poor from community forestry J Forest Livelihood 4(1):19–29

Polasky S, Nelson E, Pennington D, Johnson KA (2011) The impact of land-use change on ecosystem services, biodiversity and returns to landowners: a case study in the State of Minnesota. Environ Resour Econ 48:219–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-010-9407-0CrossRef

Radwan TM, Blackburn GA, Whyatt JD, Atkinson PM (2019) Dramatic loss of agricultural land due to urban expansion threatens food security in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Remote Sens 11:332CrossRef

Razzaque J (2017) Payments for ecosystem services in Sustainable Mangrove Forest Management in Bangladesh. Transnatl Environ Law 6:309–333. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2047102516000376CrossRef

Rijal S, Rimal B, Sloan S (2018) Flood hazard mapping of a rapidly urbanizing city in the foothills (Birendranagar, Surkhet) of Nepal. Land 7:60CrossRef

Rijal S, Rimal B, Stork N, Sharma HP (2020) Quantifying the drivers of urban expansion in Nepal. Environ Monitor Assess 192:633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08544-3CrossRef

Rimal B et al. (2019) Effects of land use and land cover change on ecosystem services in the Koshi River Basin, Eastern Nepal. Ecosyst Serv 38:100963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100963CrossRef

Rimal B, Zhang L, Keshtkar H, Haack B, Rijal S, Zhang P (2018a) Land use/land cover dynamics and modeling of urban land expansion by the integration of cellular automata and Markov chain. ISPRS Int J Geoinf 7:154. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7040154CrossRef

Rimal B, Zhang L, Keshtkar H, Wang N, Lin Y (2017) Monitoring and modeling of spatiotemporal urban expansion and land-use/land-cover change using integrated Markov chain cellular automata model. ISPRS Int J Geoinf 6:288CrossRef

Rimal B, Zhang L, Stork N, Sloan S, Rijal S (2018b) Urban expansion occurred at the expense of agricultural lands in the Tarai Region of Nepal from 1989 to 2016. Sustainability 10:1341CrossRef

Rwanga SS, Ndambuki JM (2017) Accuracy assessment of land use/land cover classification using remote sensing and GIS. Int J Geosci 8(4):12. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2017.84033

Sharma B, Rasul G, Chettri N (2015) The economic value of wetland ecosystem services: evidence from Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal. Ecosyst Serv 12:84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.02.007CrossRef

Sharma R et al. (2019) Impact of land cover change on ecosystem services in a tropical forested landscape. Resources 8:18CrossRef

Sinutok S, Hill R, Kühl M, Doblin MA, Ralph PJ (2014) Ocean acidification and warming alter photosynthesis and calcification of the symbiont-bearing foraminifera Marginopora vertebralis. Mar Biol 161:2143–2154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2494-7CrossRef

Suwarno A, Hein L, Sumarga E (2016) Who benefits from ecosystem services? A case study for Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Environ Manag 57:331–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0623-9CrossRef

Tan M, Li X, Xie H, Lu C (2005) Urban land expansion and arable land loss in China—a case study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Land Use Policy 22:187–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2004.03.003CrossRef

Thapa S, Wang L, Koirala A, Shrestha S, Bhattarai S, Aye WN (2020) Valuation of ecosystem services from an important wetland of Nepal: a study from Begnas Watershed System. Wetlands 40:1071–1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01303-7CrossRef

Tiwari S (2018) Ecotourism in protected areas of Nepal: an application of individual travel cost method research. J Agric For Sci 5:1–6

Turner KG et al. (2016) A review of methods, data, and models to assess changes in the value of ecosystem services from land degradation and restoration. Ecol Model 319:190–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.07.017CrossRef

Wu G, Xiao H, Zhao J, Shao G, Li J (2002) Forest ecosystem services of Changbai mountain in China. Sci China C Life Sci 45:21–32. https://doi.org/10.1360/02yc9003CrossRef

Xie G et al. (2010) Forest ecosystem services and their values in Beijing Chin Geogr Sci 20:51–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-010-0051-yCrossRef

Titel: Forest Cover Change and Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Community Forest in Mechinagar and Buddhashanti Landscape (MBL), Nepal
verfasst von: Sushila Rijal
Kuaanan Techato
Saroj Gyawali
Nigel Stork
Megh Raj Dangal
Sutinee Sinutok
Publikationsdatum: 29.01.2021
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Environmental Management / Ausgabe 5/2021
Print ISSN: 0364-152X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01430-9

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2021

Landowners’ Socio-Cultural Valuation of Ecosystem Services Provided by Trees in Costa Rican Agricultural Landscapes

Farm Households’ Adoption of Climate-smart Practices in Subsistence Agriculture: Evidence from Northern Togo

Aplication of Soil Productivity Index after Eight Years of Soil Reclamation with Sewage Sludge Amendments

Evaluating Non-Market Values of Agroecological and Socio-Cultural Benefits of Diversified Cropping Systems

Effective Community Engagement during the Environmental Assessment of a Mining Project in the Canadian Arctic

Correction to: A Review of Biological Monitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems Approaches: with Special Reference to Macroinvertebrates and Pesticide Pollution