Introduction
Materials and methods
Study area
Treatment | Burn | Gap | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Total volume (m3 ha−1) | 225.2 ± 34.3 | 222.3 ± 31.7 | 203.5 ± 27.7 |
Pine (vol%) | 58.3 ± 13.3 | 53.3 ± 15.1 | 51.7 ± 13.3 |
Spruce (vol%) | 31.7 ± 9.8 | 40.0 ± 14.1 | 33.3 ± 15.1 |
Deciduous (vol%) | 10.0 ± 6.3 | 6.7 ± 5.2 | 15.0 ± 5.5 |
Dead wood (m3 ha−1) | 12.8 ± 4.0 | 12.1 ± 1.9 | 10.2 ± 2.0 |
Stand age (years) | 118.0 ± 30.5 | 119.0 ± 22.8 | 110.7 ± 33.1 |
Stand size (ha) | 6.42 ± 0.52 | 9.56 ± 2.10 | 7.68 ± 1.83 |
Restoration treatments
Insect sampling
Statistical analyses
Results
Abundance | Chi2
| Df | p | Species richness | Chi2
| Df | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All saproxylic
| |||||||
Time | 8.50 | 1 |
<0.01
| Time | 27.83 | 1 |
<0.01
|
Treatment | 15.04 | 2 |
<0.01
| Treatment | 3.75 | 2 | 0.15 |
Time:treatment | 73.6 | 2 |
<0.01
| Time:treatment | 24.03 | 2 |
<0.01
|
Cambivores
| |||||||
Time | 0.14 | 1 | 0.71 | Time | 1.64 | 1 | 0.20 |
Treatment | 18.55 | 2 |
<0.01
| Treatment | 17.93 | 2 |
<0.01
|
Time:treatment | 63.41 | 2 |
<0.01
| Time:treatment | 31.69 | 2 |
<0.01
|
Fungivores
| |||||||
Time | 13.79 | 1 |
<0.01
| Time | 46.50 | 1 |
<0.01
|
Treatment | 7.18 | 2 |
0.03
| Treatment | 2.16 | 2 | 0.34 |
Time:treatment | 35.64 | 2 |
<0.01
| Time:treatment | 26.65 | 2 |
<0.01
|
Predators
| |||||||
Time | 4.33 | 1 |
0.03
| Time | 29.37 | 1 |
<0.01
|
Treatment | 4.51 | 2 | 0.11 | Treatment | 0.47 | 2 | 0.79 |
Time:treatment | 30.12 | 2 |
<0.01
| Time:treatment | 16.56 | 2 |
<0.01
|
Wood borers
| |||||||
Time | 6.92 | 1 |
<0.01
| Time | 4.06 | 1 |
0.04
|
Treatment | 2.57 | 2 | 0.27 | Treatment | 2.63 | 2 | 0.27 |
Time:treatment | 1.85 | 2 | 0.40 | Time:treatment | 3.11 | 2 | 0.21 |
Fire favoured
| |||||||
Time | 71.82 | 1 |
<0.01
| Time | 29.71 | 1 |
<0.01
|
Treatment | 98.84 | 2 |
<0.01
| Treatment | 74.12 | 2 |
<0.01
|
Time:treatment | 81.70 | 2 |
<0.01
| Time:treatment | 44.08 | 2 |
<0.01
|
Red-listed
| |||||||
Time | 1.65 | 1 | 0.20 | Time | 6.70 | 1 |
<0.01
|
Treatment | 1.47 | 2 | 0.48 | Treatment | 1.28 | 2 | 0.52 |
Time:treatment | 1.75 | 2 | 0.42 | Time:treatment | 3.29 | 2 | 0.19 |
df | Likelihood ratio statistic | p | post hoc test | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-restoration
| ||||
Treatment | 12 | 618.5 | 0.192 | |
Post-restoration
| ||||
Treatment | 12 | 1113 | 0.001 | B ≠ R, B ≠ G |
Species | Fire class | Nutritional subgroup | Abundance patterns |
---|---|---|---|
Magdalis violacea
| C | b > g, b > r | |
Orthotomicus suturalis
| ffc | C | b > g, b > r |
Pityogenes chalcographus
| C | b > g, b > r | |
Pityogenes quadridens
| C | b > g, b > r | |
Polygraphus poligraphus
| C | b > g, b > r | |
Scolytus ratzeburgii
| C | b > g, b > r | |
Gnathacmaeops pratensis
| ffc | C, W | b > g, b > r |
Atomaria longicornis
| F | b > g, b > r | |
Cis boleti
| F | b > g, b > r | |
Corticaria ferruginea
| ffc | F | b > g, b > r |
Corticaria rubripes
| ffc | F | b > g, b > r |
Cortinicara gibbosa
| ffc | F | b > g, b > r |
Henoticus serratus
| fd | F | b > g, b > r |
Epuraea deubeli
| F,P | b > g, b > r | |
Phloeostiba lapponica
| ffc | P | b > g, b > r |
Sphaeriestes stockmanni
| fd | P | b > g, b > r |
Phloeostiba plana
| ?P | b > g, b > r | |
Placusa atrata
| ffc | ?P | b > g, b > r |
Enicmus fungicola
| F | g > b, r > b | |
Pteryx suturalis
| F | g > b, r > b | |
Ips typographus
| C | b > r | |
Pityogenes bidentatus
| C | b > r | |
Hylobius abietis
| ffc | C,W | b > r |
Stenotrachelus aeneus
| fd | C,W | b > r |
Epuraea pygmaea
| D, F | b > r | |
Caenoscelis ferruginea
| ffc | F | b > r |
Cartodere constricta
| ffc | F | b > r |
Curtimorda maculosa
| F | b > r | |
Epuraea binotata
| F | b > r | |
Epuraea rufomarginata
| F | b > r | |
Glischrochilus quadripunctatus
| ffc | F, P | b > r |
Trichophya pilicornis
| ?F | b > r | |
Plegaderus vulneratus
| P | b > r | |
Atheta myrmecobia
| P, ?F, ?D | b > r | |
Crypturgus pusillus
| C | b > g | |
Cartodere constricta
| ffc | F | b > g |
Scaphisoma agaricinum
| ?F | b > g | |
Scaphisoma subalpinum
| ?F | b > g | |
Epuraea laeviuscula
| P | b > g | |
Enicmus rugosus
| F | g > b | |
Hallomenus binotatus
| F | g > b | |
Atrecus pilicornis
| P | g > b | |
Quedius mesomelinus
| ?P | g > b | |
Agathidium rotundatum
| F | r > b | |
Dendrophagus crenatus
| F | r > b | |
Xylita laevigata
| F | r > b | |
Euplectus piceus
| P | r > b | |
Lordithon speciosus
| P | r > b | |
Quedius plagiatus
| P | r > b | |
Stenichnus bicolor
| P | r > b |