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2006 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

13. Friction and Wear

verfasst von : Ian Hutchings, Prof., Mark Gee, Erich Santner, Dr.

Erschienen in: Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Abstract

Almost all mechanical systems, artificial or natural, involve the relative motion of solid components. Wherever two surfaces slide or roll against each other, there will be frictional resistance, and wear will occur. The response of materials to this kind of interaction, often termed tribological, depends not only on the precise nature of the materials, but also on the detailed conditions of the contact between them and of the motion. Friction and wear are system responses, rather than material properties. The measurement of tribological behavior therefore poses particular challenges, and a keen awareness of the factors that influence friction and wear is essential.

This chapter provides definitions of the key concepts in Sect. 13.1, and provides a rationale for the design and selection of test methods in Sect. 13.2. Various standard and other tribological test methods are comprehensively reviewed in Sect. 13.3, which is followed by descriptions of methods used for the quantitative assessment of both friction (Sect. 13.4) and wear (Sect. 13.5). Methods used for characterizing worn surfaces and wear debris are addressed in Sect. 13.6.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Corrosion

Nächstes Kapitel Biogenic Impact on Materials

13.1.

Standard G40: Standard terminology relating to wear and erosion American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International, West Conshohocken 2005)

13.2.

M. B. Peterson, W. O. Winer (Eds.): Glossary of terms and definitions in the field of friction, wear and lubrication: Tribology, republished in: Wear Control Handbook (Am. Soc. Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1980) pp. 1143–1303

13.3.

DIN standard 50322: Wear: Classification of categories in wear testing (DIN, Berlin, 1986)

13.4.

I. M. Hutchings: Tribology: Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials (Arnold, London 1992)

13.5.

M. J. Neale, M. G. Gee (Eds.): Guide to Wear Problems and Testing for Industry (William Andrew, Norwich 2001)

13.6.

V. V. Dunaevsky: Friction temperatures. In: Tribology Data Handbook, ed. by E. R. Booser (CRC, Boca Raton 1997) pp. 462–473

13.7.

R. Divakar, P. J. Blau (Eds.): Wear Testing of Advanced Materials, ASTM STP1167 (Am. Soc. Testing Materials, West Conshohocken 1992)

13.8.

ASTM Annual Book of Standards, Vol. 03.02, Am. Soc. for Testing and Materials (ASTM International, West Conshohocken 2005)

13.9.

M. G. Gee, M. J. Neale: General approach and procedures for unlubricated sliding wear tests NPL Good Practice Guide 51 (National Physical Laboratory, Teddington 2002)

13.10.

M. G. Gee, A. Gant, I. M. Hutchings: Rotating wheel abrasive wear testing NPL Good Practice Guide 55 (National Physical Laboratory, Teddington 2002)

13.11.

M. G. Gee, I. M. Hutchings: General approach and procedures for erosive wear testing NPL Good Practice Guide 56 (National Physical Laboratory, Teddington 2002)

13.12.

M. G. Gee, A. Gant, I. M. Hutchings, R. Bethke, K. Schiffmann, K. Van Acker, S. Poulat, Y. Gachon, J. von Stebut: Ball cratering or micro-abrasion wear testing of coatings NPL Good Practice Guide 57 (National Physical Laboratory, Teddington 2002)

13.13.

D. Klaffke, M. Hartelt: Stick-Slip Untersuchungen an keramischen Werkstoffen, Mater. Wiss. Werkstofftech. 31, 790–793 (2000)CrossRef

13.14.

Guide to the Measurement of Force, The Institute of Measurement and Control, London, 1998

13.15.

Information on force measurement and calibration of force transducers on the NPL web page at http://www.npl.co.uk/force/ (National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, 2006)

13.16.

J. E. Sader, E. White: Theoretical analysis of the static deflection of plates for atomic force microscope applications, J. Appl. Phys. 74(1), 1–9 (1994)CrossRef

13.17.

J. E. Sader, I. Larson, P. Mulvaney, L. R. White: Method for the calibration of atomic force microscope cantilevers, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66(7), 3789–3798 (1995)CrossRef

13.18.

J. P. Cleveland, S. Manne, D. Bocek, P. K. Hansma: A nondestructive method for determining the spring constant of cantilevers for scanning force microscopy, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64(2), 403–405 (1993)CrossRef

13.19.

K. J. Wahl, M. Belin, I. L. Singer: A triboscopic investigation of the wear and friction of MoS₂ in a reciprocating sliding contact, Wear 214, 212–220 (1998)CrossRef

13.20.

M. Scherge, K. Pöhlmann, A. Gervé: Wear measurement using radionuclide-technique (RNT), Wear 254, 810–817 (2003)

13.21.

D. C. Eberle, C. M. Wall, M. B. Treuhaft: Applications of radioactive tracer technology in real-time measurement of wear and corrosion, Wear 259, 1462–1471 (2005)CrossRef

13.22.

Standard B794-97: Standard Test Method for Durability Wear Testing of Separable Electrical Connector Systems using Electrical Resistance Measurements, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2005)

13.23.

I. Buresch, P. Rehbein, D. Klaffke: Possibilities of fretting corrosion model testing for contact surfaces of automotive connector. In: Proc. 2nd World Tribology Congress, ed. by F. Franek, W. J. Bartz, A. Pauschitz (The Austrian Tribology Society ÖTG, Vienna 2001)

13.24.

D. Klaffke, M. Hartelt: Influence of electrical voltages on friction and wear in water lubricated sliding of SiC/SiC-TiC. In: Proc. 2nd World Tribology Congress, ed. by F. Franek, W. J. Bartz, A. Pauschitz (The Austrian Tribology Society ÖTG, Vienna 2001)

13.25.

S. Raadnui: Wear particle analysis – utilization of quantitative computer image analysis: a review, Tribology Int. 38, 871–878 (2005)CrossRef

Titel: Friction and Wear
verfasst von: Ian Hutchings, Prof.
Mark Gee
Erich Santner, Dr.
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-20785-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-540-30300-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30300-8_13

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