Skip to main content

2020 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Full-Time Monocular Road Detection Using Zero-Distribution Prior of Angle of Polarization

verfasst von : Ning Li, Yongqiang Zhao, Quan Pan, Seong G. Kong, Jonathan Cheung-Wai Chan

Erschienen in: Computer Vision – ECCV 2020

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This paper presents a road detection technique based on long-wave infrared (LWIR) polarization imaging for autonomous navigation regardless of illumination conditions, day and night. Division of Focal Plane (DoFP) imaging technology enables acquisition of infrared polarization images in real time using a monocular camera. Zero-distribution prior embodies the zero-distribution of Angle of Polarization (AoP) of a road scene image, which provides a significant contrast between the road and the background. This paper combines zero-distribution of AoP, the difference of Degree of linear Polarization (DoP), and the edge information to segment the road region in the scene. We developed a LWIR DoFP Dataset of Road Scene (LDDRS) consisting of 2,113 annotated images. Experiment results on the LDDRS dataset demonstrate the merits of the proposed road detection method based on the zero-distribution prior. The LDDRS dataset is available at https://​github.​com/​polwork/​LDDRS.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Abubakar, A., Zhao, X., Li, S., Takruri, M., Bastaki, E., Bermak, A.: A block-matching and 3-D filtering algorithm for Gaussian noise in DoFP polarization images. IEEE Sens. J. 18(18), 7429–7435 (2018)CrossRef Abubakar, A., Zhao, X., Li, S., Takruri, M., Bastaki, E., Bermak, A.: A block-matching and 3-D filtering algorithm for Gaussian noise in DoFP polarization images. IEEE Sens. J. 18(18), 7429–7435 (2018)CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Aïnouz, S., Zallat, J., de Martino, A., Collet, C.: Physical interpretation of polarization-encoded images by color preview. Opt. Express (OE) 14(13), 5916–5927 (2006)CrossRef Aïnouz, S., Zallat, J., de Martino, A., Collet, C.: Physical interpretation of polarization-encoded images by color preview. Opt. Express (OE) 14(13), 5916–5927 (2006)CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Badrinarayanan, V., Kendall, A., Cipolla, R.: SegNet: a deep convolutional encoder-decoder architecture for image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (TPAMI) 39(12), 2481–2495 (2017)CrossRef Badrinarayanan, V., Kendall, A., Cipolla, R.: SegNet: a deep convolutional encoder-decoder architecture for image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (TPAMI) 39(12), 2481–2495 (2017)CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bertilone, D.: Stokes parameters and partial polarization of far-field radiation emitted by hot bodies. JOSA A 11(8), 2298–2304 (1994)CrossRef Bertilone, D.: Stokes parameters and partial polarization of far-field radiation emitted by hot bodies. JOSA A 11(8), 2298–2304 (1994)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, L.C., Papandreou, G., Kokkinos, I., Murphy, K., Yuille, A.L.: DeepLab: semantic image segmentation with deep convolutional nets, atrous convolution, and fully connected CRFs. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (TPAMI) 40(4), 834–848 (2017)CrossRef Chen, L.C., Papandreou, G., Kokkinos, I., Murphy, K., Yuille, A.L.: DeepLab: semantic image segmentation with deep convolutional nets, atrous convolution, and fully connected CRFs. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (TPAMI) 40(4), 834–848 (2017)CrossRef
7.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Choi, Y., et al.: KAIST multi-spectral day/night data set for autonomous and assisted driving. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 19(3), 934–948 (2018)CrossRef Choi, Y., et al.: KAIST multi-spectral day/night data set for autonomous and assisted driving. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 19(3), 934–948 (2018)CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Coniglio, N., Mathieu, A., Aubreton, O., Stolz, C.: Characterizing weld pool surfaces from polarization state of thermal emissions. Opt. Letters (OL) 38(12), 2086–2088 (2013)CrossRef Coniglio, N., Mathieu, A., Aubreton, O., Stolz, C.: Characterizing weld pool surfaces from polarization state of thermal emissions. Opt. Letters (OL) 38(12), 2086–2088 (2013)CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Dickson, C.N., Wallace, A.M., Kitchin, M., Connor, B.: Long-wave infrared polarimetric cluster-based vehicle detection. JOSA A 32(12), 2307–2315 (2015)CrossRef Dickson, C.N., Wallace, A.M., Kitchin, M., Connor, B.: Long-wave infrared polarimetric cluster-based vehicle detection. JOSA A 32(12), 2307–2315 (2015)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Dickson, C., Wallace, A.M., Kitchin, M., Connor, B.: Improving infrared vehicle detection with polarisation (2013) Dickson, C., Wallace, A.M., Kitchin, M., Connor, B.: Improving infrared vehicle detection with polarisation (2013)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia, M., Edmiston, C., Marinov, R., Vail, A., Gruev, V.: Bio-inspired color-polarization imager for real-time in situ imaging. Optica 4(10), 1263–1271 (2017)CrossRef Garcia, M., Edmiston, C., Marinov, R., Vail, A., Gruev, V.: Bio-inspired color-polarization imager for real-time in situ imaging. Optica 4(10), 1263–1271 (2017)CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia, M., et al.: Bio-inspired imager improves sensitivity in near-infrared fluorescence image-guided surgery. Optica 5(4), 413–422 (2018)CrossRef Garcia, M., et al.: Bio-inspired imager improves sensitivity in near-infrared fluorescence image-guided surgery. Optica 5(4), 413–422 (2018)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Goldstein, D.H.: Polarized Light. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2016) Goldstein, D.H.: Polarized Light. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2016)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Gu, S., Zhang, Y., Tang, J., Yang, J., Kong, H.: Road detection through CRF based LiDAR-camera fusion. In: 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 3832–3838. IEEE (2019) Gu, S., Zhang, Y., Tang, J., Yang, J., Kong, H.: Road detection through CRF based LiDAR-camera fusion. In: 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 3832–3838. IEEE (2019)
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hillel, A.B., Lerner, R., Levi, D., Raz, G.: Recent progress in road and lane detection: a survey. Mach. Vis. Appl. 25(3), 727–745 (2014)CrossRef Hillel, A.B., Lerner, R., Levi, D., Raz, G.: Recent progress in road and lane detection: a survey. Mach. Vis. Appl. 25(3), 727–745 (2014)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Hyde, M.W., Cain, S.C., Schmidt, J.D., Havrilla, M.J.: Material classification of an unknown object using turbulence-degraded polarimetric imagery. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. (TGRS) 49(1), 264–276 (2010)CrossRef Hyde, M.W., Cain, S.C., Schmidt, J.D., Havrilla, M.J.: Material classification of an unknown object using turbulence-degraded polarimetric imagery. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. (TGRS) 49(1), 264–276 (2010)CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat John, V., Mita, S., Liu, Z., Qi, B.: Pedestrian detection in thermal images using adaptive fuzzy C-means clustering and convolutional neural networks. In: 2015 14th IAPR International Conference on Machine Vision Applications (MVA), pp. 246–249. IEEE (2015) John, V., Mita, S., Liu, Z., Qi, B.: Pedestrian detection in thermal images using adaptive fuzzy C-means clustering and convolutional neural networks. In: 2015 14th IAPR International Conference on Machine Vision Applications (MVA), pp. 246–249. IEEE (2015)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Klein, L.J., Ingvarsson, S., Hamann, H.F.: Changing the emission of polarized thermal radiation from metallic nanoheaters. Opt. Express (OE) 17(20), 17963–17969 (2009)CrossRef Klein, L.J., Ingvarsson, S., Hamann, H.F.: Changing the emission of polarized thermal radiation from metallic nanoheaters. Opt. Express (OE) 17(20), 17963–17969 (2009)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Kong, H., Audibert, J.Y., Ponce, J.: Vanishing point detection for road detection. In: 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 96–103. IEEE (2009) Kong, H., Audibert, J.Y., Ponce, J.: Vanishing point detection for road detection. In: 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 96–103. IEEE (2009)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Kong, H., Sarma, S.E., Tang, F.: Generalizing Laplacian of Gaussian filters for vanishing-point detection. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 14(1), 408–418 (2012)CrossRef Kong, H., Sarma, S.E., Tang, F.: Generalizing Laplacian of Gaussian filters for vanishing-point detection. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 14(1), 408–418 (2012)CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwak, J.Y., Ko, B.C., Nam, J.Y.: Pedestrian tracking using online boosted random ferns learning in far-infrared imagery for safe driving at night. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 18(1), 69–81 (2016)CrossRef Kwak, J.Y., Ko, B.C., Nam, J.Y.: Pedestrian tracking using online boosted random ferns learning in far-infrared imagery for safe driving at night. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 18(1), 69–81 (2016)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, N., Zhao, Y., Pan, Q., Kong, S.G.: Removal of reflections in LWIR image with polarization characteristics. Opt. Express (OE) 26(13), 16488–16504 (2018)CrossRef Li, N., Zhao, Y., Pan, Q., Kong, S.G.: Removal of reflections in LWIR image with polarization characteristics. Opt. Express (OE) 26(13), 16488–16504 (2018)CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, N., Zhao, Y., Pan, Q., Kong, S.G.: Demosaicking DoFP images using Newton’s polynomial interpolation and polarization difference model. Opt. Express (OE) 27(2), 1376–1391 (2019)CrossRef Li, N., Zhao, Y., Pan, Q., Kong, S.G.: Demosaicking DoFP images using Newton’s polynomial interpolation and polarization difference model. Opt. Express (OE) 27(2), 1376–1391 (2019)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, Q., et al.: LO-Net: deep real-time LiDAR odometry. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 8473–8482 (2019) Li, Q., et al.: LO-Net: deep real-time LiDAR odometry. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 8473–8482 (2019)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, S., Seybold, B., Vorobyov, A., Fathi, A., Huang, Q., Jay Kuo, C.C.: Instance embedding transfer to unsupervised video object segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 6526–6535 (2018) Li, S., Seybold, B., Vorobyov, A., Fathi, A., Huang, Q., Jay Kuo, C.C.: Instance embedding transfer to unsupervised video object segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 6526–6535 (2018)
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Long, J., Shelhamer, E., Darrell, T.: Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 3431–3440 (2015) Long, J., Shelhamer, E., Darrell, T.: Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 3431–3440 (2015)
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu, W., Zhou, Y., Wan, G., Hou, S., Song, S.: L3-Net: towards learning based LiDAR localization for autonomous driving. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 6389–6398 (2019) Lu, W., Zhou, Y., Wan, G., Hou, S., Song, S.: L3-Net: towards learning based LiDAR localization for autonomous driving. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 6389–6398 (2019)
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Lu, X.: Self-supervised road detection from a single image. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 2989–2993. IEEE (2015) Lu, X.: Self-supervised road detection from a single image. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 2989–2993. IEEE (2015)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendes, C.C.T., Frémont, V., Wolf, D.F.: Exploiting fully convolutional neural networks for fast road detection. In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 3174–3179. IEEE (2016) Mendes, C.C.T., Frémont, V., Wolf, D.F.: Exploiting fully convolutional neural networks for fast road detection. In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 3174–3179. IEEE (2016)
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Oliveira, G.L., Burgard, W., Brox, T.: Efficient deep models for monocular road segmentation. In: 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 4885–4891. IEEE (2016) Oliveira, G.L., Burgard, W., Brox, T.: Efficient deep models for monocular road segmentation. In: 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 4885–4891. IEEE (2016)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Ozgunalp, U., Fan, R., Ai, X., Dahnoun, N.: Multiple lane detection algorithm based on novel dense vanishing point estimation. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 18(3), 621–632 (2016)CrossRef Ozgunalp, U., Fan, R., Ai, X., Dahnoun, N.: Multiple lane detection algorithm based on novel dense vanishing point estimation. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 18(3), 621–632 (2016)CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Peláez, G., Bacara, D., de la Escalera, A., García, F., Olaverri-Monreal, C.: Road detection with thermal cameras through 3D information. In: 2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 255–260. IEEE (2015) Peláez, G., Bacara, D., de la Escalera, A., García, F., Olaverri-Monreal, C.: Road detection with thermal cameras through 3D information. In: 2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 255–260. IEEE (2015)
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Peynot, T., Underwood, J., Scheding, S.: Towards reliable perception for unmanned ground vehicles in challenging conditions. In: 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 1170–1176. IEEE (2009) Peynot, T., Underwood, J., Scheding, S.: Towards reliable perception for unmanned ground vehicles in challenging conditions. In: 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pp. 1170–1176. IEEE (2009)
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Piniarski, K., Pawłowski, P.: Efficient pedestrian detection with enhanced object segmentation in far IR night vision. In: 2017 Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications (SPA), pp. 160–165. IEEE (2017) Piniarski, K., Pawłowski, P.: Efficient pedestrian detection with enhanced object segmentation in far IR night vision. In: 2017 Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications (SPA), pp. 160–165. IEEE (2017)
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Qian, Y., Dolan, J.M., Yang, M.: DLT-Net: Joint detection of drivable areas, lane lines, and traffic objects. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 99, 1–10 (2019) Qian, Y., Dolan, J.M., Yang, M.: DLT-Net: Joint detection of drivable areas, lane lines, and traffic objects. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 99, 1–10 (2019)
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Rahmann, S., Canterakis, N.: Reconstruction of specular surfaces using polarization imaging. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), vol. 1, p. I. IEEE (2001) Rahmann, S., Canterakis, N.: Reconstruction of specular surfaces using polarization imaging. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), vol. 1, p. I. IEEE (2001)
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Rashed, H., El Sallab, A., Yogamani, S., ElHelw, M.: Motion and depth augmented semantic segmentation for autonomous navigation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) (2019) Rashed, H., El Sallab, A., Yogamani, S., ElHelw, M.: Motion and depth augmented semantic segmentation for autonomous navigation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) (2019)
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Reda, M., Zhao, Y., Chan, J.C.W.: Polarization guided autoregressive model for depth recovery. IEEE Photonics J. 9(3), 1–16 (2017)CrossRef Reda, M., Zhao, Y., Chan, J.C.W.: Polarization guided autoregressive model for depth recovery. IEEE Photonics J. 9(3), 1–16 (2017)CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Shen, L., Zhao, Y., Peng, Q., Chan, J.C.W., Kong, S.G.: An iterative image dehazing method with polarization. IEEE Trans. Multimedia (TMM) 21(5), 1093–1107 (2018)CrossRef Shen, L., Zhao, Y., Peng, Q., Chan, J.C.W., Kong, S.G.: An iterative image dehazing method with polarization. IEEE Trans. Multimedia (TMM) 21(5), 1093–1107 (2018)CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Su, Y., Zhang, Y., Lu, T., Yang, J., Kong, H.: Vanishing point constrained lane detection with a stereo camera. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 19(8), 2739–2744 (2017)CrossRef Su, Y., Zhang, Y., Lu, T., Yang, J., Kong, H.: Vanishing point constrained lane detection with a stereo camera. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 19(8), 2739–2744 (2017)CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Terrier, P., Devlaminck, V., Charbois, J.M.: Segmentation of rough surfaces using a polarization imaging system. JOSA A 25(2), 423–430 (2008)CrossRef Terrier, P., Devlaminck, V., Charbois, J.M.: Segmentation of rough surfaces using a polarization imaging system. JOSA A 25(2), 423–430 (2008)CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Tyo, J.S., Goldstein, D.L., Chenault, D.B., Shaw, J.A.: Review of passive imaging polarimetry for remote sensing applications. Appl. Opt. (AO) 45(22), 5453–5469 (2006)CrossRef Tyo, J.S., Goldstein, D.L., Chenault, D.B., Shaw, J.A.: Review of passive imaging polarimetry for remote sensing applications. Appl. Opt. (AO) 45(22), 5453–5469 (2006)CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Born, M., Wolf, E.: Principles of Optics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1999)CrossRef Born, M., Wolf, E.: Principles of Optics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1999)CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang, H., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Wang, G., Huang, H., Zhang, J.: Lane detection of curving road for structural highway with straight-curve model on vision. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. (TVT) 68(6), 5321–5330 (2019)CrossRef Wang, H., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Wang, G., Huang, H., Zhang, J.: Lane detection of curving road for structural highway with straight-curve model on vision. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. (TVT) 68(6), 5321–5330 (2019)CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Yoon, J.S., et al.: Thermal-infrared based drivable region detection. In: 2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 978–985. IEEE (2016) Yoon, J.S., et al.: Thermal-infrared based drivable region detection. In: 2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), pp. 978–985. IEEE (2016)
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, Y., Su, Y., Yang, J., Ponce, J., Kong, H.: When Dijkstra meets vanishing point: a stereo vision approach for road detection. IEEE Trans. Image Process. (TIP) 27(5), 2176–2188 (2018)MathSciNetCrossRef Zhang, Y., Su, Y., Yang, J., Ponce, J., Kong, H.: When Dijkstra meets vanishing point: a stereo vision approach for road detection. IEEE Trans. Image Process. (TIP) 27(5), 2176–2188 (2018)MathSciNetCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Wang, X., Dolan, J.M.: Road-segmentation-based curb detection method for self-driving via a 3D-LiDAR sensor. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 19(12), 3981–3991 (2018)CrossRef Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Wang, X., Dolan, J.M.: Road-segmentation-based curb detection method for self-driving via a 3D-LiDAR sensor. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (TITS) 19(12), 3981–3991 (2018)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Full-Time Monocular Road Detection Using Zero-Distribution Prior of Angle of Polarization
verfasst von
Ning Li
Yongqiang Zhao
Quan Pan
Seong G. Kong
Jonathan Cheung-Wai Chan
Copyright-Jahr
2020
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58595-2_28