Fundamentals of Tank and Process Equipment Design

Equipment and storage tank loads, classification and requirements. Impact and consideration of loads in design. Mechanical loads, heat (stress) and corrosion loads.

Definition of corrosion. Electrochemical corrosion. Manifestations and types of electrochemical corrosion. Chemical corrosion and its types. Corrosion prevention, corrosion protection. Corrosion prevention by surface protection. Lined equipment design and construction. Design and construction of equipment with coating layer.

Determination of allowable stress. Membrane stress state of equipment and storage tanks with axially symmetrical geometry. Dimensioning by taking vapour pressure into account. Dimensioning the cylindrical, spherical and conical part of the vessel. Dimensioning by taking hydrostatic pressure, mass forces, environmental impacts (snow, wind), and centrifugal force fields into account. Dimensioning cylindrical fluid tanks with a conical pressure vessel end. Dimensioning the cylindrical part of fluid tanks with large diameter. Dimensioning cylindrical centrifuges. Dimensioning tower structures exposed to environmental impacts. Dimensioning outdoor spherical tanks with large diameter.

Dimensioning cylindrical shells and conical pressure vessel ends for external pressure. Dimensioning doubly curved pressure vessel ends (spherical, torispherical, elliptical) for external pressure.

Axially symmetrical bending stress state of cylindrical shells. Bending stress state of cylindrical shells loaded by shearing force at the rim. Bending stress state of cylindrical shells loaded by moment at the rim. Bending stress state of cylindrical shells loaded by shearing force at the main circle. Bending stress state of cylindrical shells loaded by moment at the main circle. Examination of shell connections. Strength tests of cylinder—cone connections. Strength tests of cylinder—hemisphere connections.

Pressure vessel ends. Stress states and dimensioning of elliptical pressure vessel ends. Stress states and dimensioning of torispheric pressure vessel ends. Design of openings on cylindrical shells and pressure vessel ends. Strength tests of the support environment. Strength tests of the support environment of spherical tanks. Distribution of normal force to rigid load transfer cylinders. Determining nozzle loads caused by bending moment. Distribution of tangential force to bolster plate fillet welds. Stress state caused by rigidly installed cylindrical nozzle loaded by normal force. Stress state caused by rigidly installed cylindrical nozzle loaded by shearing force.

Engineering design of pipeline and equipment flange joints. Internal loads of flange structure. Flange joint operation under simultaneous heat and mechanical load. Stress state of the shell connected to the flange ring. Determining gasket load drop in case of ideally elastic gasket model. Determining gasket load drop in case of non-linear gasket model. Viscoelastic model for determining gasket load reduction. Tests and calculations to verify the model. Tests to verify the accuracy of the viscoelastic gasket model. Numerical examination of the loosening process caused by internal pressure. Dimensioning on leak tightness of flange joints exposed to simultaneous heat and mechanical load.

Defining material law to serve as a basis for finite element calculations. Specimen-level tests. Structural tests. Evaluation method for elastic–plastic finite element calculations. Numerical tests and results.