11. Future Challenges of the Perovskite Materials

In order to achieve photovoltaic technologies’ commercial availability, high power conversion efficiency, low cost, large area, low toxicity, and long lifetime are crucial attributes. In recent years, perovskite materials have emerged as one of the most-studied photovoltaic materials for its high-performance and cost-effectiveness. However, the development of protocols to industrialize the perovskite technology still faces several severe challenges. In this chapter, we summarize the challenges and obstacles of perovskite material research from four aspects. For successful commercialization, the high stability and long-term lifetime is primary and essential. Second, Lead toxicity is also an important obstacle for practical application due to its threat to human health Third, for improving the fabrication repeatability, hysteresis and relevant measurement standards is discussed. Finally, the capacity to fabricate large-area and flexible modules based on recently reported state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells are also discussed.