nach oben

2023 | Buch

Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Future Fire Forms

Heat, Work and Thermodynamics

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Cornel Stan

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Über dieses Buch

Keep on running by clever burning! This book reports how humans created materials, machines and power plants with the help of fire and which fuels, with their advantages and disadvantages, they have used so far. "Climate rescuers” of all stripes, whether qualified for such challenge or not, want to eliminate the fire completely and replace it with electricity from photovoltaics and wind power.

The book contains facts and evidence as to why solar panels and windmills cannot be sufficient to ensure all the world's energy needs. Neither combustion nor thermal engines are responsible for the environmental hazard till now, but the fuels they have received in the past. Let's feed the fire with nature-compatible fuels and let it unfold properly in very effective machines and systems! The book describes systematically and comprehensibly for everyone, thermodynamic laws and methods for the design of very efficient machines and drives, as well as regenerative, climate-neutral fuels. This lecture is highly recommended when seating in front of a fireplace or sitting beside a campfire.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Combustion in the modern world

Frontmatter

1. The fire

Abstract

The sun, which radiates light and warmth to our earth, never glided somehow over the heads of the people from Beijing to Washington in the past. At that time, there was neither Beijing nor Washington.

Cornel Stan

2. Fire for heat

Abstract

In the beginning it was the campfire, which is still very popular for our “high-tech spoiled” fellow citizens. Over time, people had dwellings, with open fires in closed grottoes. This remained the case later, in built rooms. Nothing has been handed down about fires and gas poisoning from this time.

Cornel Stan

3. Fire for work

Abstract

The vocabulary of a fire consists of flames that can be perceived by the human eyes as red, yellow or blue, depending on the intensity and frequency of their local, instantaneous heat radiation. Flames that are invisible to humans, such as when burning hydrogen with air, indicate an even higher level of radiation intensity and frequency.

Cornel Stan

4. Climate-neutral fuels

Abstract

The sun is constantly burning. It sends its thermal radiation as a bundle of electromagnetic waves in all directions, including to Earth. The continuous burning on the sun does not require oxygen, which does not exist around the sun anyway. It is a combustion by fusion of the hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei, as on other stars.

Cornel Stan

5. Fire causes emissions

Abstract

Fire has become a monster for our earth! Wood, coal, lamp oil, gasoline, diesel, natural gas, LPG, all contain carbon, and most of them hydrogen as well. When burning with oxygen from the air, carbon dioxide and water are produced in the best case. If they do not burn well because the carbon grains, the wood chips or the fuel droplets are too large, the carbon reacting with oxygen results not only in carbon dioxide, but partially in carbon monoxide and sometimes also in particles or soot [1].

Cornel Stan

Thermodynamics of fire

Frontmatter

6. Heat and work change states

Abstract

Thermodynamics is a combination of words of the ancient Greek terms "thermo" (warm) and "dynamis" (force). It shows that heat and work are closely linked. This has been the subject of general physics for centuries. After the development and spread of steam engines in the 18th century, the complexity of this interaction has increased significantly and so thermodynamics has become an independent science.

Cornel Stan

7. Work from heat

Abstract

Snapshot in an apartment: The walls to the outside are heat-tight, the entrance door as well, and moreover, it is also closed. No water flows in, no wastewater flows out, the electricity is switched off. Rooms A, B and C are open to each other. In room B, a fire crackles in the large fireplace. Grandpa reads in room C by the light of an oil lamp. The grandchild is constantly making his tricycle rounds through all the rooms, power on the wheels over such a track means a lot of work, but the dwarf has enough energy (Fig. 7.1).

Cornel Stan

8. Working fluids as carriers of heat and work

Abstract

What is the actual task of a working fluid? The answer is clear: many! At first, it should be able to flow continuously.

Furthermore, it should be able to absorb or to release via heat exchanger so much heat as possible in a very short time. It must neither freeze at low temperatures nor decompose at high temperatures.

Cornel Stan

9. The irreversibility of natural processes

Abstract

The fuel hisses out of the nozzle flowing through many thin holes. It becomes finely atomized, then evaporated and swirled vigorously with the oxygen from the air within the combustion chamber. The fuel-oxygen mixture ignites by itself, red and light-yellow flames are formed, the combined pairs of hydrocarbon and oxygen dance fiery waltzes, as at the Vienna Opera Ball.

Cornel Stan

10. Ways from heat to work

Abstract

The conversion of heat into work in a thermal machine is fundamentally dependent on the extreme values of the temperature during heat supply and heat release in terms of quantity (performed work) and quality (thermal efficiency) within the respective process (Chapter 9.2).

Cornel Stan

11. Heat transfer

Abstract

Fire and flame! The flame is the burning and luminous soul of the glowing fire body (Fig. 11.1). From an engineering point of view, however, the definition of the flame is rather sobering (see Chapter 1.2, 1.3):.

Cornel Stan

The Taming of Fire

Frontmatter

12. Pouring oil on the fire

Abstract

Some people want to make the fire disappear worldwide in every respect, as quickly as possible, for the sake of climate neutrality. Other people pour fuel on the fire: a part of them have a tremendous hunger for energy, the other part of them want to sell very profitable different energy forms.

Cornel Stan

13. Fire use with the best possible and climate-friendly effect

Abstract

The neutralization of the climate-damaging effects of fire can be achieved by replacing fossil fuels such as crude oil, natural gas and coal with climate-neutral alcohols, oils and eFuels (Chapter 4). However, the way there is associated with mass production and infrastructure problems, but above all with the opposition of the current oil, gas and coal vendors (Chapter 12).

Cornel Stan

14. Second-hand Fire

Abstract

Combustion engines and power plants of all kinds can also be fed with second-hand fire. The combustion of residual waste (Fig. 14.1) certainly also produces carbon dioxide. However, in most cases, waste incineration pollutes the atmosphere with carbon dioxide, in addition to the power plants where electricity and heat are generated:

Cornel Stan

15. Heat and work without fire

Abstract

„Without fire" is equated by the opponents of combustion engines of all kinds with "without carbon dioxide“. In fact, carbon-containing fuels have so far been used for combustion: coal, petroleum products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, heavy fuel oil, methanol, ethanol and natural gas (methane), the chemically exact combustion of which mainly produces carbon dioxide and water.

Cornel Stan

Backmatter

Titel: Future Fire Forms
verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Cornel Stan
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-12081-7
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-12080-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12081-7

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht