6. Future Threats and Their Remediation Processes

The American Water Works Association (AWWA) emphasizes the importance of sustainable water management, a crucial requirement for the survival of all living organisms. The growing population and urbanization have intensified the demand for reliable water supplies, posing challenges in ensuring sufficient water supply and effective wastewater treatment. The Sustainable Development Goals emphasize the need for sustainable wastewater management, advocating for the safe use of purified drinking water and accessible treatment procedures. The AWWA has identified five crucial problems affecting progress towards a sustainable and adaptable water future: sustainability, technology, economics, governance, and social and demographic concerns. To make sure that our methods for cleaning wastewater are both cost-effective and safe for the environment, we use photocatalysis, phytoremediation, microbial fuel cells, activated biochar, electrocoagulation, and biomass-based hydrogels.