Skip to main content

2011 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Fuzzy Sets for Modeling Interstate Conflict

verfasst von : Tshilidzi Marwala, Dr. Monica Lagazio

Erschienen in: Militarized Conflict Modeling Using Computational Intelligence

Verlag: Springer London

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter investigates the level of transparency of the Takagi-Sugeno neuro-fuzzy model and the support vector machines model by applying them to conflict management, an application which is concerned with causal interpretations of results. The data set used in this investigation is the militarized interstate disputes dataset obtained from the Correlates of War (COW) project. In this chapter, a support vector machine model is trained to predict conflict. Knowledge from the Takagi-Sugeno neuro-fuzzy model is extracted by interpreting the model’s fuzzy rules and their outcomes. It is found that the Takagi-Sugeno neuro-fuzzy model offers some transparency which helps in understanding conflict management. The Takagi-Sugeno neuro-fuzzy model was compared to the support vector machine model and it was found that even though the support vector machine shows marginal advantage over the Takagi-Sugeno neuro-fuzzy model in terms of predictive capacity, the Takagi-Sugeno neuro-fuzzy model allows for linguistics interpretation.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Abiyev, R.H., Kaynak, O., Alshanableh, T., Mamedov, F.: A type-2 neuro-fuzzy system based on clustering and gradient techniques applied to system identification and channel equalization. Appl. Soft Comput. 11, 1396–1406 (2011)CrossRef Abiyev, R.H., Kaynak, O., Alshanableh, T., Mamedov, F.: A type-2 neuro-fuzzy system based on clustering and gradient techniques applied to system identification and channel equalization. Appl. Soft Comput. 11, 1396–1406 (2011)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Araujo, E.: Improved Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy approach. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 1154–1158, Hong Kong (2008) Araujo, E.: Improved Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy approach. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, pp. 1154–1158, Hong Kong (2008)
Zurück zum Zitat Ata, R., Kocyigit, Y.: An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system approach for prediction of tip speed ratio in wind turbines. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 5454–5460 (2010)CrossRef Ata, R., Kocyigit, Y.: An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system approach for prediction of tip speed ratio in wind turbines. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 5454–5460 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Babuska, R.: Fuzzy modeling and identification. Ph.D. thesis, Technical University of Delft, Delft (1991) Babuska, R.: Fuzzy modeling and identification. Ph.D. thesis, Technical University of Delft, Delft (1991)
Zurück zum Zitat Babuska, R., Verbruggen, H.: Neuro-fuzzy methods for nonlinear system identification. Annu. Rev. Control 27, 73–85 (2003)CrossRef Babuska, R., Verbruggen, H.: Neuro-fuzzy methods for nonlinear system identification. Annu. Rev. Control 27, 73–85 (2003)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Barbieri, K.: Economic interdependence – a path to peace or a source of interstate conflict. J. Peace Res. 33, 29–49 (1996)CrossRef Barbieri, K.: Economic interdependence – a path to peace or a source of interstate conflict. J. Peace Res. 33, 29–49 (1996)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Beck, N., Katz, J., Tucker, R.: Taking time seriously: time-series cross-section analysis with a binary dependent variable. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 42, 1260–1288 (1998)CrossRef Beck, N., Katz, J., Tucker, R.: Taking time seriously: time-series cross-section analysis with a binary dependent variable. Am. J. Polit. Sci. 42, 1260–1288 (1998)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Beck, N., King, G., Zeng, L.: Improving quantitative studies of international conflict: a conjecture. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 94, 21–35 (2000)CrossRef Beck, N., King, G., Zeng, L.: Improving quantitative studies of international conflict: a conjecture. Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. 94, 21–35 (2000)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bih, J.: Paradigm shift – an introduction to fuzzy logic. IEEE Potential. 25(1), 6–21 (2006)CrossRef Bih, J.: Paradigm shift – an introduction to fuzzy logic. IEEE Potential. 25(1), 6–21 (2006)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bishop, C.: Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1995) Bishop, C.: Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1995)
Zurück zum Zitat Cabalar, A.F., Cevik, A., Gokceoglu, C., Baykal, G.: Neuro-fuzzy based constitutive modeling of undrained response of Leighton Buzzard Sand mixtures. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 842–851 (2010)CrossRef Cabalar, A.F., Cevik, A., Gokceoglu, C., Baykal, G.: Neuro-fuzzy based constitutive modeling of undrained response of Leighton Buzzard Sand mixtures. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 842–851 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cano-Izquierdo, J., Almonacid, M., Ibarrola, J.J.: Applying neuro-fuzzy model dFasArt in control systems. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 23, 1053–1063 (2010)CrossRef Cano-Izquierdo, J., Almonacid, M., Ibarrola, J.J.: Applying neuro-fuzzy model dFasArt in control systems. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 23, 1053–1063 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cantor, G.: Über eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraischen Zahlen. Crelle. J. F. Math. 77, 258–262 (1874)CrossRef Cantor, G.: Über eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraischen Zahlen. Crelle. J. F. Math. 77, 258–262 (1874)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cetisli, B.: Development of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy classifier using linguistic hedges: part 1. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 6093–6101 (2010)CrossRef Cetisli, B.: Development of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy classifier using linguistic hedges: part 1. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 6093–6101 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cox, E.: The Fuzzy Systems Handbook: A Practitioner’s Guide to Building, Using, Maintaining Fuzzy Systems. AP Professional, Boston (1994) Cox, E.: The Fuzzy Systems Handbook: A Practitioner’s Guide to Building, Using, Maintaining Fuzzy Systems. AP Professional, Boston (1994)
Zurück zum Zitat Demirli, K., Khoshnejad, M.: Autonomous parallel parking of a car-like mobile robot by a neuro-fuzzy sensor-based controller. Fuzzy Set. Syst. 160, 2876–2891 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRef Demirli, K., Khoshnejad, M.: Autonomous parallel parking of a car-like mobile robot by a neuro-fuzzy sensor-based controller. Fuzzy Set. Syst. 160, 2876–2891 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat El-Sebakhy, E.A.: Flow regimes identification and liquid-holdup prediction in horizontal multiphase flow based on neuro-fuzzy inference systems. Math. Comp. Simulat. 80, 1854–1866 (2010)MathSciNetMATHCrossRef El-Sebakhy, E.A.: Flow regimes identification and liquid-holdup prediction in horizontal multiphase flow based on neuro-fuzzy inference systems. Math. Comp. Simulat. 80, 1854–1866 (2010)MathSciNetMATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ferreirós, J.: Labyrinth of Thought: A History of Set Theory and Its Role in Modern Mathematics. Birkhäuser, Basel (1999)MATH Ferreirós, J.: Labyrinth of Thought: A History of Set Theory and Its Role in Modern Mathematics. Birkhäuser, Basel (1999)MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Habtemariam, E.A., Marwala, T.: Artificial intelligence for conflict management. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 2583–2588, Montreal (2005) Habtemariam, E.A., Marwala, T.: Artificial intelligence for conflict management. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 2583–2588, Montreal (2005)
Zurück zum Zitat Hagiwara, H., Mita, A.: Structural health monitoring system using support vector machine. Adv. Build. Technol. 28, 481–488 (2002)CrossRef Hagiwara, H., Mita, A.: Structural health monitoring system using support vector machine. Adv. Build. Technol. 28, 481–488 (2002)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hájek, P.: Fuzzy logic and arithmetical hierarchy. Fuzzy Set. Syst. 3, 359–363 (1995)CrossRef Hájek, P.: Fuzzy logic and arithmetical hierarchy. Fuzzy Set. Syst. 3, 359–363 (1995)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Halpern, J.Y.: Reasoning About Uncertainty. MIT Press, Cambridge (2003)MATH Halpern, J.Y.: Reasoning About Uncertainty. MIT Press, Cambridge (2003)MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Haykin, S.: Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1999)MATH Haykin, S.: Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1999)MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Hsu, Y.-C., Lin, S.-F.: Reinforcement group cooperation-based symbiotic evolution for recurrent wavelet-based neuro-fuzzy systems. J. Neurocomput. 72, 2418–2432 (2009)CrossRef Hsu, Y.-C., Lin, S.-F.: Reinforcement group cooperation-based symbiotic evolution for recurrent wavelet-based neuro-fuzzy systems. J. Neurocomput. 72, 2418–2432 (2009)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, T.M., Kecman, V.: Gene extraction for cancer diagnosis by support vector machines – an improvement. Artif. Intell. Med. 35, 185–194 (2005)CrossRef Huang, T.M., Kecman, V.: Gene extraction for cancer diagnosis by support vector machines – an improvement. Artif. Intell. Med. 35, 185–194 (2005)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hurtado, J.E.: Relevance of support vector machines for stochastic mechanics. Comput. Fluid. Solid. Mech. 20, 2298–2301 (2003)CrossRef Hurtado, J.E.: Relevance of support vector machines for stochastic mechanics. Comput. Fluid. Solid. Mech. 20, 2298–2301 (2003)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Iplikci, S.: Support vector machines based neuro-fuzzy control of nonlinear systems. J. Neurocomput. 73, 2097–2107 (2010)CrossRef Iplikci, S.: Support vector machines based neuro-fuzzy control of nonlinear systems. J. Neurocomput. 73, 2097–2107 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jang, J.-S.R.: ANFIS: Adaptive-network-based Fuzzy Inference System. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 23, 665–685 (1993)CrossRef Jang, J.-S.R.: ANFIS: Adaptive-network-based Fuzzy Inference System. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 23, 665–685 (1993)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jang, J.S.R., Sun, C.T., Mizutani, E.: Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing: A Computational Approach to Learning and Machine Intelligence. Prentice Hall, Toronto (1997) Jang, J.S.R., Sun, C.T., Mizutani, E.: Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing: A Computational Approach to Learning and Machine Intelligence. Prentice Hall, Toronto (1997)
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, P.: A History of Set Theory. Prindle, Weber & Schmidt, Boston (1972)MATH Johnson, P.: A History of Set Theory. Prindle, Weber & Schmidt, Boston (1972)MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Jones, D., Bremer, S., Singer, J.: Militarized interstate disputes, 1816–1992 rationale, coding rules and empirical patterns. Conflict Manag. Peace Sci. 15, 585–615 (1996) Jones, D., Bremer, S., Singer, J.: Militarized interstate disputes, 1816–1992 rationale, coding rules and empirical patterns. Conflict Manag. Peace Sci. 15, 585–615 (1996)
Zurück zum Zitat Khajeh, A., Modarress, H.: Prediction of solubility of gases in polystyrene by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and radial basis function neural network. Expert Syst. Appl 37, 3070–3074 (2010)CrossRef Khajeh, A., Modarress, H.: Prediction of solubility of gases in polystyrene by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and radial basis function neural network. Expert Syst. Appl 37, 3070–3074 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Klir, G.J., Folger, T.A.: Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty, and Information. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1988)MATH Klir, G.J., Folger, T.A.: Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty, and Information. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1988)MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Klir, G.J., Yuan, B.: Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (1995)MATH Klir, G.J., Yuan, B.: Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (1995)MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Klir, G.J., St Clair, U.H., Yuan, B.: Fuzzy Set Theory: Foundations and Applications. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (1997)MATH Klir, G.J., St Clair, U.H., Yuan, B.: Fuzzy Set Theory: Foundations and Applications. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (1997)MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Kosko, B.: Fuzzy Thinking: The New Science of Fuzzy Logic. Hyperion, New York (1993) Kosko, B.: Fuzzy Thinking: The New Science of Fuzzy Logic. Hyperion, New York (1993)
Zurück zum Zitat Kucuk, K., Aksoy, C.O., Basarir, H., Onargan, T., Genis, M., Ozacar, V.: Prediction of the performance of impact hammer by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system modelling. Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech. 26, 38–45 (2011)CrossRef Kucuk, K., Aksoy, C.O., Basarir, H., Onargan, T., Genis, M., Ozacar, V.: Prediction of the performance of impact hammer by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system modelling. Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech. 26, 38–45 (2011)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kurtulus, B., Razack, M.: Modeling daily discharge responses of a large karstic aquifer using soft computing methods: artificial neural network and neuro-fuzzy. J. Hydrol. 381, 10–111 (2010)CrossRef Kurtulus, B., Razack, M.: Modeling daily discharge responses of a large karstic aquifer using soft computing methods: artificial neural network and neuro-fuzzy. J. Hydrol. 381, 10–111 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kwong, C.K., Wong, T.C., Chan, K.Y.: A methodology of generating customer satisfaction models for new product development using a neuro-fuzzy approach. Expert Syst. Appl 36, 11262–11270 (2009)CrossRef Kwong, C.K., Wong, T.C., Chan, K.Y.: A methodology of generating customer satisfaction models for new product development using a neuro-fuzzy approach. Expert Syst. Appl 36, 11262–11270 (2009)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lagazio, M., Russett, B.: A Neural Network Analysis of MIDs, 1885–1992: Are the Patterns Stable? In the Scourge of War: New Extensions on an Old Problem, ch. Towards a Scientific Understanding of War: Studies in Honor of J. David Singer. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (2004) Lagazio, M., Russett, B.: A Neural Network Analysis of MIDs, 1885–1992: Are the Patterns Stable? In the Scourge of War: New Extensions on an Old Problem, ch. Towards a Scientific Understanding of War: Studies in Honor of J. David Singer. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat Leke, B., Marwala, T., Tettey, T.: Using inverse neural network for HIV adaptive control. Intl. J. Comput. Intell. Res. 3, 11–15 (2007) Leke, B., Marwala, T., Tettey, T.: Using inverse neural network for HIV adaptive control. Intl. J. Comput. Intell. Res. 3, 11–15 (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat Lo, S.: Web service quality control based on text mining using support vector machine. Expert Syst. Appl. 34, 603–610 (2008)CrossRef Lo, S.: Web service quality control based on text mining using support vector machine. Expert Syst. Appl. 34, 603–610 (2008)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mamdani, E.H.: Application of fuzzy algorithms for the control of a dynamic plant. Proc. IEEE. 121, 1585–1588 (1974) Mamdani, E.H.: Application of fuzzy algorithms for the control of a dynamic plant. Proc. IEEE. 121, 1585–1588 (1974)
Zurück zum Zitat Mansfield, E.D., Snyder, J.: A tale of two democratic peace critiques: a reply to Thompson and Tucker. J. Confl. Res. 41, 457–461 (1997)CrossRef Mansfield, E.D., Snyder, J.: A tale of two democratic peace critiques: a reply to Thompson and Tucker. J. Confl. Res. 41, 457–461 (1997)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marwala, T.: Computational Intelligence for Modelling Complex Systems. Research India Publications, Delhi (2007) Marwala, T.: Computational Intelligence for Modelling Complex Systems. Research India Publications, Delhi (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat Marwala, T.: Computational Intelligence for Missing Data Imputation, Estimation and Management, Knowledge Optimization Techniques. IGI Global Publications, New York (2009)CrossRef Marwala, T.: Computational Intelligence for Missing Data Imputation, Estimation and Management, Knowledge Optimization Techniques. IGI Global Publications, New York (2009)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marwala, T., Lagazio, M.: Modelling and controlling interstate conflict. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 1233–1238, Budapest (2004) Marwala, T., Lagazio, M.: Modelling and controlling interstate conflict. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 1233–1238, Budapest (2004)
Zurück zum Zitat Marwala, T., Chakraverty, S., Mahola, U.: Fault classification using multi-layer perceptrons and support vector machines. Intl. J. Eng. Simul. 7, 29–35 (2006) Marwala, T., Chakraverty, S., Mahola, U.: Fault classification using multi-layer perceptrons and support vector machines. Intl. J. Eng. Simul. 7, 29–35 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat Mashrei, M.A., Abdulrazzaq, N., Abdalla, T.Y., Rahman, M.S.: Neural networks model and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for predicting the moment capacity of ferrocement members. Eng. Struct. 32, 1723–1734 (2010)CrossRef Mashrei, M.A., Abdulrazzaq, N., Abdalla, T.Y., Rahman, M.S.: Neural networks model and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for predicting the moment capacity of ferrocement members. Eng. Struct. 32, 1723–1734 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Min, J.H., Lee, Y.-C.: Bankruptcy prediction using support vector machine with optimal choice of kernel function parameters. Expert Syst. Appl. 28, 603–614 (2005)CrossRef Min, J.H., Lee, Y.-C.: Bankruptcy prediction using support vector machine with optimal choice of kernel function parameters. Expert Syst. Appl. 28, 603–614 (2005)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mitra, P., Shankar, B.U., Pal, S.K.: Segmentation of multispectral remote sensing images using active support vector machines. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 25, 1067–1074 (2004)CrossRef Mitra, P., Shankar, B.U., Pal, S.K.: Segmentation of multispectral remote sensing images using active support vector machines. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 25, 1067–1074 (2004)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Montazer, G.A., Saremi, H.Q., Khatibi, V.: A neuro-fuzzy inference engine for farsi numeral characters recognition. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 6327–6337 (2010)CrossRef Montazer, G.A., Saremi, H.Q., Khatibi, V.: A neuro-fuzzy inference engine for farsi numeral characters recognition. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 6327–6337 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nelwamondo, F.V., Marwala, T., Mahola, U.: Early classifications of bearing faults using hidden Markov models, Gaussian mixture models, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and fractals. Int. J. Innov. Comput., Info. Control 2, 1281–1299 (2006) Nelwamondo, F.V., Marwala, T., Mahola, U.: Early classifications of bearing faults using hidden Markov models, Gaussian mixture models, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and fractals. Int. J. Innov. Comput., Info. Control 2, 1281–1299 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat Novák, V.: Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications. Adam Hilger, Bristol (1989)MATH Novák, V.: Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications. Adam Hilger, Bristol (1989)MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Novák, V., Perfilieva, I., Močkoř, J.: Mathematical Principles of Fuzzy Logic. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1999)MATHCrossRef Novák, V., Perfilieva, I., Močkoř, J.: Mathematical Principles of Fuzzy Logic. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1999)MATHCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oneal, J., Russet, B.: The classical liberals were right: democracy, interdependence and conflict, 1950–1985. Int. Stud. Quart. 41, 267–294 (1997)CrossRef Oneal, J., Russet, B.: The classical liberals were right: democracy, interdependence and conflict, 1950–1985. Int. Stud. Quart. 41, 267–294 (1997)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Oneal, J., Russet, B.: Prediction and classification with neural network models. Sociol. Method. Res. 4, 499–524 (1999) Oneal, J., Russet, B.: Prediction and classification with neural network models. Sociol. Method. Res. 4, 499–524 (1999)
Zurück zum Zitat Patel, P.B., Marwala, T.: Forecasting closing price indices using neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 2351–2356, Taipei, Taiwan (2006) Patel, P.B., Marwala, T.: Forecasting closing price indices using neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 2351–2356, Taipei, Taiwan (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat Patel, P.B., Marwala, T.: Caller behaviour classification using computational intelligence methods. Int. J. Neural Syst. 20, 87–93 (2010)CrossRef Patel, P.B., Marwala, T.: Caller behaviour classification using computational intelligence methods. Int. J. Neural Syst. 20, 87–93 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schölkopf, B., Smola, A.J.: Learning with Kernels. MIT Press, Cambridge (2002) Schölkopf, B., Smola, A.J.: Learning with Kernels. MIT Press, Cambridge (2002)
Zurück zum Zitat Sentes, M., Babuska, R., Kaymak, U., van Nauta, L.H.: Similarity measures in fuzzy rule base simplification. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B Cybern. 28, 376–386 (1998)CrossRef Sentes, M., Babuska, R., Kaymak, U., van Nauta, L.H.: Similarity measures in fuzzy rule base simplification. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B Cybern. 28, 376–386 (1998)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shiri, J., Kisi, O.: Short-term and long-term streamflow forecasting using a wavelet and neuro-fuzzy conjunction model. J. Hydrol. 394, 486–493 (2010)CrossRef Shiri, J., Kisi, O.: Short-term and long-term streamflow forecasting using a wavelet and neuro-fuzzy conjunction model. J. Hydrol. 394, 486–493 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sugeno, M.: Industrial Applications of Fuzzy Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1985) Sugeno, M.: Industrial Applications of Fuzzy Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1985)
Zurück zum Zitat Takagi, T., Sugeno, M.: Fuzzy identification of systems and its applications to modeling and control. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 15, 116–132 (1985)MATH Takagi, T., Sugeno, M.: Fuzzy identification of systems and its applications to modeling and control. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 15, 116–132 (1985)MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Talei, A., Hock, L., Chua, C., Quek, C.: A novel application of a neuro-fuzzy computational technique in event-based rainfall-runoff modeling. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 7456–7468 (2010)CrossRef Talei, A., Hock, L., Chua, C., Quek, C.: A novel application of a neuro-fuzzy computational technique in event-based rainfall-runoff modeling. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 7456–7468 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tettey, T.: A computational intelligence approach to modelling interstate conflict: Conflict and causal interpretations. MSc thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (2007) Tettey, T.: A computational intelligence approach to modelling interstate conflict: Conflict and causal interpretations. MSc thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat Tettey, T., Marwala, T.: Controlling interstate conflict using neuro-fuzzy modeling and genetic algorithms. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, pp. 30–34, London (2006a) Tettey, T., Marwala, T.: Controlling interstate conflict using neuro-fuzzy modeling and genetic algorithms. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, pp. 30–34, London (2006a)
Zurück zum Zitat Tettey, T., Marwala, T.: Neuro-fuzzy modeling and fuzzy rule extraction applied to conflict management. Lect. Note. Comp. Sci. 4234, 1087–1094 (2006b)CrossRef Tettey, T., Marwala, T.: Neuro-fuzzy modeling and fuzzy rule extraction applied to conflict management. Lect. Note. Comp. Sci. 4234, 1087–1094 (2006b)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tettey, T., Marwala, T.: Conflict modelling and knowledge extraction using computational intelligence methods. In: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, pp. 161–166, Budapest (2007) Tettey, T., Marwala, T.: Conflict modelling and knowledge extraction using computational intelligence methods. In: Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, pp. 161–166, Budapest (2007)
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson, W., Tucker, R.: A tale of two democratic peace critiques. J. Confl. Res 41, 428–454 (1997)CrossRef Thompson, W., Tucker, R.: A tale of two democratic peace critiques. J. Confl. Res 41, 428–454 (1997)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tripathi, S., Srinivas, V.V., Nanjundiah, R.S.: Downscaling of precipitation for climate change scenarios: a support vector machine approach. J. Hydrol. 330, 621–640 (2006)CrossRef Tripathi, S., Srinivas, V.V., Nanjundiah, R.S.: Downscaling of precipitation for climate change scenarios: a support vector machine approach. J. Hydrol. 330, 621–640 (2006)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Von Altrock, C.: Fuzzy Logic and NeuroFuzzy Applications Explained. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1995) Von Altrock, C.: Fuzzy Logic and NeuroFuzzy Applications Explained. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1995)
Zurück zum Zitat Wright, S., Marwala, T.: Artificial intelligence techniques for steam generator modelling. arXiv:0811.1711 (2006) Wright, S., Marwala, T.: Artificial intelligence techniques for steam generator modelling. arXiv:0811.​1711 (2006)
Zurück zum Zitat Zemankova-Leech, M.: Fuzzy relational data bases. Ph.D. dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee (1983) Zemankova-Leech, M.: Fuzzy relational data bases. Ph.D. dissertation, Florida State University, Tallahassee (1983)
Zurück zum Zitat Zhou, Q., Chan, C.W., Tontiwachwuthikul, P.: An application of neuro-fuzzy technology for analysis of the CO2 capture process. Fuzzy Set. Syst. 161, 2597–2611 (2010)CrossRef Zhou, Q., Chan, C.W., Tontiwachwuthikul, P.: An application of neuro-fuzzy technology for analysis of the CO2 capture process. Fuzzy Set. Syst. 161, 2597–2611 (2010)CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zimmermann, H.: Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (2001)CrossRef Zimmermann, H.: Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (2001)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Fuzzy Sets for Modeling Interstate Conflict
verfasst von
Tshilidzi Marwala
Dr. Monica Lagazio
Copyright-Jahr
2011
Verlag
Springer London
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-790-7_6