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Erschienen in:

2016 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Genesis of the European Union Law Right

verfasst von : Bjarte Thorson

Erschienen in: Individual Rights in EU Law

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Though it may be possible today to rationalize the role of the notion of an individual right in European Union law, it may still be pertinent to ask what prompted the Court of Justice to first start speaking of rights.

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Vorheriges Kapitel A Study of the Notion of EU Law Rights: Plan and Methodology

Nächstes Kapitel Overview: Implementation, Interpretation and Application of Rules that Grant Individual Rights

Joined Cases 7/56 and 3-7/57 Algera v Common Assembly [1957] ECR 39.

Joined Cases 7/56 and 3-7/57 Algera v Common Assembly [1957] ECR 39, p. 55.

Joined Cases 42 and 49/59 Société nouvelle des usines de Pontlieue – Aciéries du Temple (SNUPAT) v High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community [1963] ECR 53.

Case 6/60 Humblet [1960] ECR 559, p. 571.

Case 6/60 Humblet [1960] ECR 559, pp. 571–572.

Case 14/61 Koninklijke Nederlandsche Hoogovens en Staalfabrieken N.V. v High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community [1962] ECR 253, at p. 272.

Joined Cases 19 and 21/60, 2 and 3/61 Fives Lille Cail v High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community [1961] ECR 282, p. 288.

Case 26/62 Van Gend en Loos [1963] ECR 1, p. 12.

Cf., e.g., Dinan (2014), p. 110.

Cf., inter alia, Chalmers and Barroso (2014), p. 105.

Cf. Barnard (2014), p. 26.

Cf. Case 26/62 Van Gend en Loos [1963] ECR 1, 12.

Cf., in particular, Foster and Elam v Neilson, US Supreme Court 1929, 2 Peters (US) 253.

Cf. Iwasawa (1986), p. 629.

Advisory Opinion on Jurisdiction of the Courts of Danzig (1928) P.C.I.J. Series B No 15, 17–18. In the United States, the issue of individual rights derived from treaties has not lost its pertinence and one can immediately spot some common characteristics with the debate relating to European Union law. In the literature, ‘it is frequently said that treaties are enforceable by individuals in our courts only when they confer rights on individuals’, with references to ‘e.g., Haitian Refugee Ctr. v. Baker, 949 F.2d 1109, 1110 (11th Cir. 1991) (treaty must “directly accord […] enforceable rights to persons”), cert. denied, 112 S. Ct. 1295 (1992); Committee of U.S. Citizens Living in Nicar. v. Reagan, 859 F.2d 929, 937 (D.C. Cir. 1988) (treaty must “confer rights on private individuals”); United States v. Bent-Santana, 774 F.2d 1545, 1550 (11th Cir. 1985) (treaty must confer “privately enforceable rights”); Frolova v. U.S.S.R., 761 F.2d 370, 374 (7th Cir. 1985) (treaty must confer “rights enforceable by private litigants in American courts”); cf. Head Money Cases, 112 U.S. 580, 598–599 (1884) (treaty enforceable by individuals when “its provisions prescribe a rule by which the rights of the private citizens or subject may be determined”)’, cf. Vázguez (1992), p. 1082 (footnote 4).

Case 26/62 Van Gend en Loos [1963] ECR 1, pp. 12–13.

Weatherill (2000), p. 100.

Cf., e.g., Kakouris (1997).

Cf., e.g., Tuori (2005).

Cf., in similar direction, Adinolfi (2012), p. 286.

Joined Cases C-6/60 and C-9/90 Francovich [1991] ECR I-5357.

Opinion of Advocate General Mischo in Joined Cases C-6/90 and C-9/90 Francovich [1991] ECR I-5357, para 1.

Hinarejos (2009), p. 7.

Bellantuono (2010), p. 119.

Case C-453/99 Courage v Crehan [2001] ECR I-6297.

Collins (2006), p. 222.

Cf. Edward (1998), p. 424.

Chalmers and Barroso (2014), p. 106.

Cf., e.g., Schønberg (2000), pp. 36–37; and Malferrari (1999), pp. 811–814.

van Gerven (2000), p. 502.

Adinolfi A (2012) The “Procedural Autonomy” of Member States and the constraints stemming from the ECJ’s case law. In: Micklitz H-W, de Witto B (eds) The European Court of Justice and the autonomy of the Member States. Intersentia, Cambridge–Antwerp–Poland, pp 281–303

Barnard C (2014) The substantive law of the EU: the four freedoms, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Bellantuono G (2010) The limits of contract law in the regulatory state. ERCL 6:115–142CrossRef

Chalmers D, Barroso L (2014) What Van Gend en Loos stands for. IJCL 12:105–134CrossRef

Collins H (2006) The alchemy of deriving general principles of contract law from European legislation: in search of the philosopher’s stone. ERCL 2:213–226CrossRef

Dinan D (2014) Europe recast, a history of European Union, 2nd edn. Palgrave MacMillan, London

Edward D (1998) Direct effect and enforcement of obligations. In: Guiffrè DA (ed) Scritti in onore di Giuseppe Federico Mancini, vol II. Diritto dell’unione Europea, Milano

Hinarejos A (2009) Judicial control in the European Union, reforming jurisdiction in the intergovernmental pillars. Studies in European Law. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Iwasawa Y (1986) The doctrine of self-executing treaties in the United States: a critical analysis. VJIL 26:627–692

Kakouris CM (1997) Do the Member States possess judicial procedural ‘autonomy’? CML Rev 34:1389–1412

Malferrari L (1999) State liability for violation of EC Law in Italy: the reaction of the Corte di Cassazione to Francovich and future prospects in light of its decision of July 22, 1999, No. 500. ZaöRV 59:809–838

Schønberg S (2000) Legitimate expectations in administrative law. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Tuori K (2005) The law and its traditions. SSL 48:489–504

van Gerven W (2000) Of rights, remedies and procedures. CML Rev 37:501–536

Vázguez CM (1992) Treaty-based rights and remedies for individuals. CL Rev 92:1082–1163

Weatherill S (2000) Addressing problems of imbalanced implementation in EC law: remedies in an institutional perspective. In: Kilpatrick C et al (eds) The future of remedies in Europe. Hart Publishing, Oxford–Portland, Oregon, pp 87–116

Titel: Genesis of the European Union Law Right
verfasst von: Bjarte Thorson
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Individual Rights in EU Law
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32770-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-32771-6

Copyright-Jahr: 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32771-6_4