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2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Geological Characterization of Ferromanganese Crust Deposits in the NW Pacific Seamounts for Prudent Deep-Sea Mining

verfasst von : Akira Usui, Katsuhiko Suzuki

Erschienen in: Perspectives on Deep-Sea Mining

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

We review recent results of onsite seabed surveys and geoscientific analyses of hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts in the northwestern Pacific and attempt to identify the controlling parameters of the diversity of the deposits in terms of scientific understanding of processes and environments to be applied for future deep-sea mining. We ascertained that oxidizing seawater, old and stable rock substrates, and no or scarce sedimentation or productivity, are optimal conditions for high-grade abundant deposits. The following physicochemical and geological processes were verified from our observations and analyses: (1) ultra-slow and fairly continuous growth at a rate of several μm/kyr in all water-depth zones for more than 10 Myr; (2) initial precipitation of poorly crystalline vernadite (Fe/Mn around one with two diffused X-ray diffraction) now forming coccoid-like morphology as a final constituent to comprise the crusts, and (3) the highest Co concentration around the oxygen minimum zone. Moreover, the microstratigraphy of crusts indicates surprisingly similar structural zones, mineralogy, and chemistry on micron- or millimeter-scales among those from remote areas when the water-depth range is the same. Thus, continuity in abundance and grade at the regional scale can be reasonably expected. Geological characterization and consideration are essential for understanding mineral diversity and evaluating the economic potential and distribution.

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Titel: Geological Characterization of Ferromanganese Crust Deposits in the NW Pacific Seamounts for Prudent Deep-Sea Mining
verfasst von: Akira Usui
Katsuhiko Suzuki
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Perspectives on Deep-Sea Mining
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-87981-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-87982-2

Copyright-Jahr: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87982-2_4

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