Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Erschienen in:
Augmented Reality: A GNSS Use Case Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. GNSS CORS Networks and Data

verfasst von : Clement A. Ogaja

Erschienen in: Introduction to GNSS Geodesy

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

From definitions of a geodetic CORS system to examples of tracking networks around the world and raw data exchange formats, this chapter highlights the ground-based infrastructure for collecting continuous tracking data from the earth-orbiting satellites. Such infrastructure, having increased over the years, is run by various agencies, organizations, and institutions to enable the science and practice of GNSS geodesy. The primary product from the CORS infrastructure is the satellite tracking data, archived in standard raw data exchange formats such as RINEX, for subsequent modeling and estimation of station coordinates and velocities, satellite orbits, clock products, reference frames, and other related products.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Vorheriges Kapitel GNSS Observation Models
Nächstes Kapitel GNSS Data Processing
Fußnoten
1
CORS networks benefit the users by utilizing one GPS receiver as the operation of the reference station is performed by the service provider of the CORS network.
 
2
NSRS is a consistent coordinate system that defines latitude, longitude, height, scale, gravity, orientation, and shoreline throughout the United States.
 
3
“The primary purpose of the EUREF network is to provide access to the European Terrestrial Reference System 89 (ETRS89) which is the standard precise GNSS coordinate system throughout Europe.” (http://​epncb.​eu/​).
 
4
CORS station tracking data typically includes phase and pseudorange observations, satellite ephemeris, and meteorological sensor data where available.
 
5
In the ITRF (the global reference frame), “plate tectonics cause the coordinates of European stations to slowly change in the order of about 2.5 cm/year”.
 
6
GNSS data session is the time period during which all the receivers are collecting data simultaneously.
 
7
“Switching on a receiver at epoch t 0, the instantaneous fractional beat phase is measured. The initial integer number N of cycles between satellite and receiver is unknown. However, when tracking is continued without loss of lock, the number N, also called integer ambiguity, remains the same”, p. 107 of [14].
 
8
An estimate of N can be obtained by one of several means, for example, from the pseudorange measurement or Doppler (see, e.g., p. 36–38 of [30]).
 
9
ϕ(t 0) is equivalent to (ϕ rcv − ϕ sat) in Eq. 5.​4 in Chap. 5.
 
10
Ambiguity only occurs at the initial epoch. It is the unknown number of full cycles at the initial epoch. Once the receiver gets a lock on a satellite (2nd epoch onward) it can count the number of full cycles. See, e.g., [30].
 
11
Broadcast orbits (aka ephemerides data) for GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou are in the format of Keplerian elements and correction coefficients. However, for GLONASS, they are in the format of state vectors (position-velocity–acceleration vectors).
 
12
Real-Time IGS (RT-IGS) protocol was proposed by RT-IGS Working Group, for delivery of RT-IGS message types over the internet.
 
Literatur
1.
Boriskin, A., Kozlov, D., & Zyryanov, G. (2012). The RTCM multiple signal messages: A new step in GNSS data standardization. In Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS 2012), Nashville (pp. 2947–2955).
2.
3.
Chodota, M. L. (2003). The African reference frame project: Its current status. In: UN/US International Workshop on the Use and Applications of Global Navigational Satellite Systems, December 8–12, Vienna, Austria.
4.
5.
6.
Estey, L., & Mencin, D. (2008). BINEX as a format for near-real time GNSS and other data streams, G43A-0663, AGU Fall Meet. 2008, San Francisco.
7.
8.
Gurtner, W. (1994). RINEX: The receiver-independent exchange format. GPS WORLD (pp. 48–52).
9.
10.
Gurtner, W., & Mader, G. (1990). Receiver independent exchange format version 2. CSTG GPS Bulletin, vol. 3, no. 3, Sept./Oct. 1990, National Geodetic Survey, Rockville.
11.
12.
Gurtner, W., Mader, G., & Arthur, D. (1989). A common exchange format for GPS data. CSTG GPS Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 3, May/June 1989, National Geodetic Survey, Rockville.
13.
Heo, Y., Yan, T., Lim, S., & Rizos, C. (2009). International standard GNSS real-time data formats and protocols. In IGNSS Symposium, Qld, Australia.
14.
Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H., & Wasle, E. (2008). GNSS–Global navigation satellite systems: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo & more Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-211-73012-6.
15.
Hu, G., Dawson, J., Jia, M., Deo, M., Ruddick, R., & Johnston, G. (2011). Towards the densification of the international terrestrial reference frame in the Asia and Pacific region - Asia Pacific reference frame (APREF). In K. Satake & C.-H. Lo (Eds.), Advances in geosciences (Vol. 31). Solid Earth Science.
16.
Huisman, L., Dawson, J., & Teunissen, P. J. G. (2011). The APREF project: First results and analysis. Coordinates, 14–18.
17.
ICSM. (2014). Guideline for continuously operating reference stations, Special Publication 1, Version 2.1. Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM). 43pp.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Ihde, J., Baker, T., Bruyninx, C., Francis, O., Amalvict, M., Kenyeres, A., Mäkinen, J., Shipman, S., Simek, J., & Wilmes, H. (2005). Development of a European combined geodetic network (ECGN). Journal of Geodynamics, 40(4–5), 450–460.CrossRef
22.
Langley, R. B. (1995). NMEA 0183: A GPS receiver interface standard. GPS World.
23.
24.
25.
NGS. (2019). Guidelines for establishing and operating CORS. NGS, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910.
26.
NMEA. (2019). National marine electronics association, nmea.org.
27.
NMEA 0183. (2018). Standard for interfacing marine electronic devices, Version 4.11.
28.
NRCan. (2019). GNSS reference station installation and operation best practices. NRCan, Ottawa, Canada.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Rizos, C. (2008). Multi-constellation GNSS/ RNSS from the perspective of high accuracy users in Australia. Journal of Spatial Sciences, 53(2), 29–63.CrossRef
33.
RTCM. (2001). RTCM 10402.3 RTCM recommended standards for differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) Service, Version 2.3.
34.
RTCM. (2004). RTCM recommended standards for differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) Service, Version 3.0
35.
RTCM. (2007). RTCM standard 10403.1. Differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) Services – Version 3, with Amendment 2. RTCM Special Committee no. 104, Arlington, Virginia.
36.
RTCM. (2016). RTCM 10403.3. Differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) Services - Version 3. RTCM SC 104, Arlington, Virginia.
37.
Teunissen, P., & Montenbruck, O. (2017). Springer handbook of global navigation satellite systems. Berlin: Springer. ISBN 978-3-31942-928-1.CrossRef
38.
Torres, J. (2005). EUREF the infrastructure for geo-referencing in Europe. GeoInformatics, 8(6), 18–21.
39.
40.
Metadaten
Titel
GNSS CORS Networks and Data
verfasst von
Clement A. Ogaja
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Buch
Introduction to GNSS Geodesy

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-91820-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-91821-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91821-7_6