Skip to main content

2025 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. GPS Deformation and Earthquakes in Himalaya

verfasst von : Sridevi Jade, T. S. Shrungeshwara

Erschienen in: Natural Hazards and Risk Mitigation

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The 2500 km Himalayan arc spanning Kashmir, Ladakh, in the west to Eastern syntaxis in the east is a tectonically complex and seismically active northern subduction boundary of the Indian plate. Three decades of GPS data give well-constrained surface convergence rates ranging from 10 to 26 mm/yr in the various segments of the Himalayas (Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal, Garhwal, Kumaun, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Arunachal and Eastern syntaxis). Arc parallel rates of 3–10 mm/yr is the manifestation of locked curvature of the central Himalayan arc and the E–W extension rate of Tibet. Inverse modelling of surface convergence rates is used to estimate oblique slip rate of 13–20 mm/yr along Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) at a depth of 15–20 km and locking width of 100–150 km from the frontal Himalayas suggesting that each segment of the Himalaya is unique in nature. Geodetic strain rates derived from the GPS-derived surface convergence rates suggest that the Himalayan region is predominantly under compression with high strain rate coinciding with the northern boundary of sub surface basal decollement (MHT) along which Indian plate subducts below Tibet. Seismic strain rates for each segment of the Himalaya are computed using the instrumental and historical earthquake catalogue. Seismic potential of each segment of the Himalaya is estimated by a combined analysis of geodetic and seismic strain rates and the corresponding moment rates. Further, strain budget and accumulated slip since the last devastating earthquake was used to estimate the recurrence interval and probable magnitude of impending earthquake in the Himalayan segments.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Ader T, Avouac J-P, Liu-Zeng J, Lyon-Caen H, Bollinger L, Galetzka J, Genrich J, Thomas M, Chanard K, Sapkota SN, Rajaure S, Shrestha P, Ding L, Flouzat M (2012) Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and inter-seismic coupling on the Main Himalayan Thrust: implications for seismic hazard. J Geophys Res 117:B04403. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB009071CrossRef Ader T, Avouac J-P, Liu-Zeng J, Lyon-Caen H, Bollinger L, Galetzka J, Genrich J, Thomas M, Chanard K, Sapkota SN, Rajaure S, Shrestha P, Ding L, Flouzat M (2012) Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and inter-seismic coupling on the Main Himalayan Thrust: implications for seismic hazard. J Geophys Res 117:B04403. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1029/​2011JB009071CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bendick R, Bilham R (2001) How perfect is the Himalayan arc? Geology 29:791–794CrossRef Bendick R, Bilham R (2001) How perfect is the Himalayan arc? Geology 29:791–794CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dasgupta S et al (2000) Seismotectonic atlas of India and Its environs. Special Publication Geological Survey of India, Calcutta Dasgupta S et al (2000) Seismotectonic atlas of India and Its environs. Special Publication Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
Zurück zum Zitat Devachandra M, Kundu B, Catherine J, Kumar A, Gahalaut VK (2014) Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of crustal deformation across the frontal eastern Himalayan syntaxis and seismic-hazard assesment. Bull Seism Soc Am 104(3):1518–1524. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130290 Devachandra M, Kundu B, Catherine J, Kumar A, Gahalaut VK (2014) Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of crustal deformation across the frontal eastern Himalayan syntaxis and seismic-hazard assesment. Bull Seism Soc Am 104(3):1518–1524. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1785/​0120130290
Zurück zum Zitat Dumka RK, Kotila BS, Kothyari GC et al (2018) Detection of high and moderate crustal strain zones in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. Acta Geod Geophys 53:503–521CrossRef Dumka RK, Kotila BS, Kothyari GC et al (2018) Detection of high and moderate crustal strain zones in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. Acta Geod Geophys 53:503–521CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Freymueller J et al (1996) Global positioning system measurements of Indian plate motion and convergence across the lesser Himalaya. Geophys Res Lett 23:3107–3110CrossRef Freymueller J et al (1996) Global positioning system measurements of Indian plate motion and convergence across the lesser Himalaya. Geophys Res Lett 23:3107–3110CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Jade S (2004) Estimates of plate velocity and crustal deformation in the Indian subcontinent using GPS geodesy. Curr Sci 10:1443–1448 Jade S (2004) Estimates of plate velocity and crustal deformation in the Indian subcontinent using GPS geodesy. Curr Sci 10:1443–1448
Zurück zum Zitat Kostrov B (1974) Seismic moment and energy of earthquake and seismic flow of rock. Izv Acad Sci USSR, Phys Solid Earth 1:23–40MathSciNet Kostrov B (1974) Seismic moment and energy of earthquake and seismic flow of rock. Izv Acad Sci USSR, Phys Solid Earth 1:23–40MathSciNet
Zurück zum Zitat Kumahara Y, Jayangondaperumal R (2013) Paleoseismic evidence of a surface rupture along the Northwestern Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT). Geomorpholgy 180:47–56CrossRef Kumahara Y, Jayangondaperumal R (2013) Paleoseismic evidence of a surface rupture along the Northwestern Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT). Geomorpholgy 180:47–56CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar P, Malik JN, Gahalaut VK, Yadav RK, Singh G (2023) Evidence of strain accumulation and coupling variation in the Himachal region of NW Himalaya from short term geodetic measurements. Tectonics, 42:e2022TC007690. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022TC007690 Kumar P, Malik JN, Gahalaut VK, Yadav RK, Singh G (2023) Evidence of strain accumulation and coupling variation in the Himachal region of NW Himalaya from short term geodetic measurements. Tectonics, 42:e2022TC007690. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1029/​2022TC007690
Zurück zum Zitat Okada Y (1985) Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull Seismol Soc Am 75(4):1135–1154CrossRef Okada Y (1985) Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull Seismol Soc Am 75(4):1135–1154CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Paul J, Bürgmann R, Gaur VK, Bilham R, Larson KM, Ananda MB, Jade S, Mukul M, Anupama TS, Satyal G, Kumar D (2001) Themotion and active deformation of India. Geophys Res Lett 28(4):647–650CrossRef Paul J, Bürgmann R, Gaur VK, Bilham R, Larson KM, Ananda MB, Jade S, Mukul M, Anupama TS, Satyal G, Kumar D (2001) Themotion and active deformation of India. Geophys Res Lett 28(4):647–650CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Savage JC, Simpson RW (1997) Surface strain accumulation and the seismic moment tensor. Bull Seismol Soc Am 87:1345–1353CrossRef Savage JC, Simpson RW (1997) Surface strain accumulation and the seismic moment tensor. Bull Seismol Soc Am 87:1345–1353CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schiffman C, Bali BS, Szeliga W, Bilham R (2013) Seismic slip deficit in the Kashmir Himalaya from GPS observations. Geophy Res Lett 40:5642–5645CrossRef Schiffman C, Bali BS, Szeliga W, Bilham R (2013) Seismic slip deficit in the Kashmir Himalaya from GPS observations. Geophy Res Lett 40:5642–5645CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Snay R (1999) Using the HTDP software to transform spatial coordinates across time and between reference frames. Surv Land Inf Sys 59(1):15–25 Snay R (1999) Using the HTDP software to transform spatial coordinates across time and between reference frames. Surv Land Inf Sys 59(1):15–25
Zurück zum Zitat Teza G, Galgaro A (2008) Grid_strain and grid_strain3: software packages for strain field computation in 2D and 3D environment. Comput Geosci 34(9):1142–1153CrossRef Teza G, Galgaro A (2008) Grid_strain and grid_strain3: software packages for strain field computation in 2D and 3D environment. Comput Geosci 34(9):1142–1153CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vernant P, Bilham R, Szeliga W, Drupka D, Kalita S, Bhattacharyya AK, Gaur VK, Pelgay P, Cattin R, Berthet T (2014) Clockwise rotation of the Brahmaputra Valley relative to India: Tectonic convergence in the eastern Himalaya, Naga Hills, and Shillong Plateau. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 119:6558–6571. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011196CrossRef Vernant P, Bilham R, Szeliga W, Drupka D, Kalita S, Bhattacharyya AK, Gaur VK, Pelgay P, Cattin R, Berthet T (2014) Clockwise rotation of the Brahmaputra Valley relative to India: Tectonic convergence in the eastern Himalaya, Naga Hills, and Shillong Plateau. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 119:6558–6571. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​2014JB011196CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yadav RK, Gahalaut VK, Bansal AK, Sati SP, Catherine J, Gautam P, Kumar K, Rana N (2019) Strong seismic coupling underneath Garhwal-Kumaun region, NW Himalaya, India. Earth Planet Sci Lett 506:8014CrossRef Yadav RK, Gahalaut VK, Bansal AK, Sati SP, Catherine J, Gautam P, Kumar K, Rana N (2019) Strong seismic coupling underneath Garhwal-Kumaun region, NW Himalaya, India. Earth Planet Sci Lett 506:8014CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
GPS Deformation and Earthquakes in Himalaya
verfasst von
Sridevi Jade
T. S. Shrungeshwara
Copyright-Jahr
2025
Verlag
Springer Nature Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7658-0_3