nach oben

Erschienen in:

2019 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors

verfasst von : Edward P. Randviir, Craig E. Banks

Erschienen in: Carbon-Based Nanosensor Technology

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Since graphene was isolated and characterised in 2004 and 2005, its applications have been researched intensively for a broad range of applications, none more so than the field of electrochemical sensors, which aim to exploit the unique charge carrier mobility associated with graphene structures. This chapter explores graphene and its incorporation into electrochemical sensors. The chapter discusses graphene structure and the electrochemical responses arising from such structures on a macro-scale and examines production methods of graphene and how these affect the observed currents in electrochemical reactions as a result of such methods. The chapter subsequently explores sensors designed from a range of different graphenes, including surfactant-exfoliated graphene, surfactant-free graphene, chemical vapour deposition graphene, and reduced graphene oxide. The chapter finds that reduced graphene oxide is the most commonly employed route for graphene-based electrochemical sensors, owing to the scale of production being large, and its relatively cheap and straightforward production.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Vorheriges Kapitel Diamond Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Monitoring

Nächstes Kapitel A Survey of Graphene-Based Field Effect Transistors for Bio-sensing

This is especially true in the cases of redox probes such as potassium ferricyanide that are well known to exhibit inner-sphere electron transitions that require a reorganisation of the molecular orbital symmetry for electron transfer to take place. This is not the case for outer-sphere redox probes such as hexamine-ruthenium (III) chloride, however, as they can donate electrons without the need for such reorganisation.

Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306:666–669PubMedCrossRef

Novoselov KS, Jiang D, Schedin F, Booth TJ, Khotkevich VV, Morozov SV, Geim AK (2005) Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:10451–10453PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Brownson DAC, Kampouris DK, Banks CE (2012) Graphene electrochemistry: fundamental concepts through to prominent applications. Chem Soc Rev 41:6944–6976PubMedCrossRef

Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of graphene. Nat Mater 6:183–191PubMedCrossRef

Brownson DAC, Munro LJ, Kampouris DK, Banks CE (2011) Electrochemistry of graphene: not such a beneficial electrode material? RSC Adv 1:978–988CrossRef

Brownson DAC, Banks CE (2011) CVD graphene electrochemistry: the role of graphitic islands. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13:15825–15828PubMedCrossRef

Brownson DAC, Banks CE (2014) The handbook of graphene electrochemistry. Springer, LondonCrossRef

Shen A, Zou Y, Wang Q, Dryfe RAW, Huang X, Dou S, Dai L, Wang S (2014) Oxygen reduction reaction in a droplet on graphite: direct evidence that the edge is more active than the basal plane. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:10804–10808CrossRef

Toth PS, Valota AT, Velicky M, Kinloch IA, Novoselov KS, Hill EW, Dryfe RAW (2014) Electrochemistry in a drop: a study of the electrochemical behaviour of mechanically exfoliated graphene on photoresist coated silicon substrate. Chem Sci 5:582–589CrossRef

10.

Velický M, Bradley DF, Cooper AJ, Hill EW, Kinloch IA, Mishchenko A, Novoselov KS, Patten HV, Toth PS, Valota AT, Worrall SD, Dryfe RAW (2014) Electron transfer kinetics on mono- and multilayer graphene. ACS Nano 8:10089–10100PubMedCrossRef

11.

El-Kady MF, Strong V, Dubin S, Kaner RB (2012) Laser scribing of high-performance and flexible graphene-based electrochemical capacitors. Science 335:1326–1330PubMedCrossRef

12.

Kosynkin DV, Higginbotham AL, Sinitskii A, Lomeda JR, Dimiev A, Price BK, Tour JM (2009) Longitudinal unzipping of carbon nanotubes to form graphene nanoribbons. Nature 458:872–876PubMedCrossRef

13.

Paton KR, Varrla E, Backes C, Smith RJ, Khan U, O’Neill A, Boland C, Lotya M, Istrate OM, King P, Higgins T, Barwich S, May P, Puczkarski P, Ahmed I, Moebius M, Pettersson H, Long E, Coelho J, O’Brien SE, McGuire EK, Sanchez BM, Duesberg GS, Mcevoy N, Pennycook TJ, Downing C, Crossley A, Nicolosi V, Coleman JN (2014) Scalable production of large quantities of defect-free few-layer graphene by shear exfoliation in liquids. Nat Mater 13:624–630PubMedCrossRef

14.

Novoselov KS, Falko VI, Colombo L, Gellert PR, Schwab MG, Kim K (2012) A roadmap for graphene. Nature 490:192–200PubMedCrossRef

15.

Knieke C, Berger A, Voigt M, Taylor RNK, RÖhrl J, Peukert W (2010) Scalable production of graphene sheets by mechanical delamination. Carbon 48:3196–3204CrossRef

16.

Goh M, Pumera M (2011) Graphene-based electrochemical sensor for detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in seawater: the comparison of single-, few-, and multilayer graphene nanoribbons and graphite microparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 399:127–131PubMedCrossRef

17.

Banks CE, Davies TJ, Wildgoose GG, Compton RG (2005) Electrocatalysis at graphite and carbon nanotube modified electrodes: edge-plane sites and tube ends are the reactive sites. Chem Commun 7:829–841CrossRef

18.

Yuan W, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li C, Peng H, Zhang J, Liu Z, Dai L, Shi G (2013) The edge- and basal-plane-specific electrochemistry of a single-layer graphene sheet. Sci Rep 3:2248PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

19.

Kampouris DK, Banks CE (2010) Exploring the physicoelectrochemical properties of graphene. Chem Commun 46:8986–8988CrossRef

20.

Lavagnini I, Antiochia R, Magno F (2004) An extended method for the practical evaluation of the standard rate constant from cyclic voltammetric data. Electroanalysis 16:505–506CrossRef

21.

Brownson DAC, Banks CE (2011) Graphene electrochemistry: surfactants inherent to graphene inhibit metal analysis. Electrochem Commun 13:111–113CrossRef

22.

Brownson DAC, Banks CE (2012) Fabricating graphene supercapacitors: highlighting the impact of surfactants and moieties. Chem Commun 48:1425–1427CrossRef

23.

Li W, Tan C, Lowe MA, Abruña HD, Ralph DC (2011) Electrochemistry of individual monolayer graphene sheets. ACS Nano 5:2264–2270PubMedCrossRef

24.

Chen R, Nioradze N, Santhosh P, Li Z, Surwade SP, Shenoy GJ, Parobek DG, Kim MA, Liu H, Amemiya S (2015) Ultrafast electron transfer kinetics of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:15134–15137CrossRef

25.

Lim CX, Hoh HY, Ang PK, Loh KP (2010) Direct voltammetric detection of DNA and pH sensing on epitaxial graphene: an insight into the role of oxygenated defects. Anal Chem 82:7387–7393PubMedCrossRef

26.

Li K, Jiang J, Dong Z, Luo H, Qu L (2015) A linear graphene edge nanoelectrode. Chem Commun 51:8765–8768CrossRef

27.

Poh HL, Sanek F, Ambrosi A, Zhao G, Sofer Z, Pumera M (2012) Graphenes prepared by Staudenmaier, Hofmann and Hummers methods with consequent thermal exfoliation exhibit very different electrochemical properties. Nanoscale 4:3515–3522PubMedCrossRef

28.

Mazaheri M, Aashuri H, Simchi A (2017) Three-dimensional hybrid graphene/nickel electrodes on zinc oxide nanorod arrays as non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. Sensors Actuators B Chem 251:462–471CrossRef

29.

Güell AG, Cuharuc AS, Kim Y-R, Zhang G, Tan S-Y, Ebejer N, Unwin PR (2015) Redox-dependent spatially resolved electrochemistry at graphene and graphite step edges. ACS Nano 9:3558–3571PubMedCrossRef

30.

Brownson DAC, Lacombe AC, Kampouris DK, Banks CE (2012) Graphene electroanalysis: inhibitory effects in the stripping voltammetry of cadmium with surfactant free graphene. Analyst 137:420–423PubMedCrossRef

31.

Randviir EP, Banks CE (2012) Electrochemical measurement of the DNA bases adenine and guanine at surfactant-free graphene modified electrodes. RSC Adv 2:5800–5805CrossRef

32.

Brownson DAC, Banks CE (2012) The electrochemistry of CVD graphene: progress and prospects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 14:8264–8281PubMedCrossRef

33.

Brownson DAC, Gomez-Mingot M, Banks CE (2011) CVD graphene electrochemistry: biologically relevant molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13:20284–20288PubMedCrossRef

34.

Keeley GP, Mcevoy N, Nolan H, Holzinger M, Cosnier S, Duesberg GS (2014) Electroanalytical sensing properties of pristine and functionalized multilayer graphene. Chem Mater 26:1807–1812CrossRef

35.

Salmi Z, Koefoed L, Jensen BBE, Čabo AG, Hofmann P, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K (2016) Electroinduced intercalation of tetraalkylammonium ions at the interface of graphene grown on copper, platinum, and iridium. ChemElectroChem 3:2202–2211CrossRef

36.

Marcano DC, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev A, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM (2010) Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. ACS Nano 4:4806–4814PubMedCrossRef

37.

Randviir EP, Brownson DAC, Gomez-Mingot M, Kampouris DK, Iniesta J, Banks CE (2012) Electrochemistry of Q-graphene. Nanoscale 4:6470–6480PubMedCrossRef

38.

Hadish F, Jou S, Huang B-R, Kuo H-A, Tu C-W (2017) Functionalization of CVD grown graphene with downstream oxygen plasma treatment for glucose sensors. J Electrochem Soc 164:B336–B341CrossRef

39.

Jiang J, Zhang P, Liu Y, Luo H (2017) A novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on a Cu-nanoparticle-modified graphene edge nanoelectrode. Anal Methods 9:2205–2210CrossRef

40.

Liu L, Qi W, Gao X, Wang C, Wang G (2018) Synergistic effect of metal ion additives on graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet-templated electrodeposition of Cu@CuO for enzyme-free glucose detection. J Alloys Compd 745:155–163CrossRef

41.

Song H, Li X, Cui P, Guo S, Liu W, Wang X (2017) Sensitivity investigation for the dependence of monolayer and stacking graphene NH3 gas sensor. Diam Relat Mater 73:56–61CrossRef

42.

Feng X, Irle S, Witek H, Morokuma K, Vidic R, Borguet E (2005) Sensitivity of ammonia interaction with single-walled carbon nanotube bundles to the presence of defect sites and functionalities. J Am Chem Soc 127:10533–10538PubMedCrossRef

43.

Compton OC, Nguyen ST (2010) Graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene: versatile building blocks for carbon-based materials. Small 6:711–723PubMedCrossRef

44.

Moo JGS, Khezri B, Webster RD, Pumera M (2014) Graphene oxides prepared by Hummers’, Hofmann’s, and Staudenmaier’s methods: dramatic influences on heavy-metal-ion adsorption. ChemPhysChem 15:2922–2929PubMedCrossRef

45.

Ong BK, Poh HL, Chua CK, Pumera M (2012) Graphenes prepared by Hummers, Staudenmaier and Hofmann methods for analysis of TNT-based nitroaromatic explosives in seawater. Electroanalysis 24:2085–2093CrossRef

46.

Jia Y, Zhang L, Du A, Gao G, Chen J, Yan X, Brown CL, Yao X (2016) Defect graphene as a trifunctional catalyst for electrochemical reactions. Adv Mater 28:9532–9538PubMedCrossRef

47.

Hui KH, Ambrosi A, Pumera M, Bonanni A (2016) Improving the analytical performance of graphene oxide towards the assessment of polyphenols. Chem Eur J 22:3830–3834PubMedCrossRef

48.

Li W, Geng X, Guo Y, Rong J, Gong Y, Wu L, Zhang X, Li P, Xu J, Cheng G, Sun M, Liu L (2011) Reduced graphene oxide electrically contacted graphene sensor for highly sensitive nitric oxide detection. ACS Nano 5:6955–6961PubMedCrossRef

49.

Chung MG, Kim D-H, Seo DK, Kim T, Im HU, Lee HM, Yoo J-B, Hong S-H, Kang TJ, Kim YH (2012) Flexible hydrogen sensors using graphene with palladium nanoparticle decoration. Sensors Actuators B Chem 169:387–392CrossRef

50.

Guo S, Wen D, Zhai Y, Dong S, Wang E (2010) Platinum nanoparticle ensemble-on-graphene hybrid nanosheet: one-pot, rapid synthesis, and used as new electrode material for electrochemical sensing. ACS Nano 4:3959–3968PubMedCrossRef

51.

Gong J, Zhou T, Song D, Zhang L (2010) Monodispersed Au nanoparticles decorated graphene as an enhanced sensing platform for ultrasensitive stripping voltammetric detection of mercury(II). Sensors Actuators B Chem 150:491–497CrossRef

52.

Chen S, Yuan R, Chai Y, Hu F (2013) Electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide using metal nanoparticles: a review. Microchim Acta 180:15–32CrossRef

53.

Kamat PV (2010) Graphene-based nanoarchitectures. Anchoring semiconductor and metal nanoparticles on a two-dimensional carbon support. J Phys Chem Lett 1:520–527CrossRef

54.

Xu C, Wang X, Zhu J (2008) Graphene−metal particle nanocomposites. J Phys Chem C 112:19841–19845CrossRef

55.

Yin PT, Shah S, Chhowalla M, Lee K-B (2015) Design, synthesis, and characterization of graphene–nanoparticle hybrid materials for bioapplications. Chem Rev 115:2483–2531PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

56.

Khan A, Khan AAP, Asiri AM, Khan I (2017) Facial synthesis, characterization of graphene oxide-zirconium tungstate (GO-Zr(WO4)2) nanocomposite and its application as modified microsensor for dopamine. J Alloys Compd 723:811–819CrossRef

57.

Kaçar C, Erden PE, Kiliç E (2017) Amperometric l-lysine biosensor based on carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes-SnO2 nanoparticles-graphene composite. Appl Surf Sci 419:916–923CrossRef

58.

Hallaj R, Haghighi N (2017) Photoelectrochemical amperometric sensing of cyanide using a glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 184:3581–3590CrossRef

59.

Sreejesh M, Shenoy S, Sridharan K, Kufian D, Arof AK, Nagaraja HS (2017) Melt quenched vanadium oxide embedded in graphene oxide sheets as composite electrodes for amperometric dopamine sensing and lithium ion battery applications. Appl Surf Sci 410:336–343CrossRef

60.

Lee H, Hong JA (2017) Enhancement of catalytic activity of reduced graphene oxide via transition metal doping strategy. Nanoscale Res Lett 12:426PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

61.

Pakapongpan S, Poo-Arporn RP (2017) Self-assembly of glucose oxidase on reduced graphene oxide-magnetic nanoparticles nanocomposite-based direct electrochemistry for reagentless glucose biosensor. Mater Sci Eng C 76:398–405CrossRef

62.

Zhao C, Wu X, Li P, Zhao C, Qian X (2017) Hydrothermal deposition of CuO/rGO/Cu2O nanocomposite on copper foil for sensitive nonenzymatic voltammetric determination of glucose and hydrogen peroxide. Microchim Acta 184:2341–2348CrossRef

63.

Li J, Guo S, Zhai Y, Wang E (2009) High-sensitivity determination of lead and cadmium based on the Nafion-graphene composite film. Anal Chim Acta 649:196–201PubMedCrossRef

64.

Liu M, Pan D, Pan W, Zhu Y, Hu X, Han H, Wang C, Shen D (2017) In-situ synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles modified electrode for speciation analysis of copper in seawater. Talanta 174:500–506CrossRefPubMed

65.

Bindewald EH, Schibelbain AF, Papi MAP, Neiva EGC, Zarbin AJG, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Júnior LH (2017) Design of a new nanocomposite between bismuth nanoparticles and graphene oxide for development of electrochemical sensors. Mater Sci Eng C 79:262–269CrossRef

66.

Ba Hashwan SS, Ruslinda AR, Fatin MF, Arshad MKM, Hashim U (2017) Reduced graphene oxide–multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites as sensing membrane electrodes for DNA detection. Microsyst Technol 23:3421–3428CrossRef

67.

Mao Y, Bao Y, Gan S, Li F, Niu L (2011) Electrochemical sensor for dopamine based on a novel graphene-molecular imprinted polymers composite recognition element. Biosens Bioelectron 28:291–297PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors
verfasst von: Edward P. Randviir
Craig E. Banks
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Carbon-Based Nanosensor Technology
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11862-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-11864-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/5346_2018_25

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht