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Erschienen in:
2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel
Green Roof Infrastructures in Urban Areas
verfasst von : Manfred Köhler, Andrew Michael Clements
Erschienen in: Sustainable Built Environments
Verlag: Springer New York
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Excerpt
Green roofs are engineered constructions that include environments suitable for well-adapted plant species. In most cases, these types of roofing have a longer life span than conventional roofing surfaces. The following elements are built on top of the roof structure (from the bottom to the top, see Fig. 1):-
The underlying protective layer is made of an impervious material such as bitumen, rubber, polystyrene, or other similarly adequate technical materials, in short, roof protection membranes.
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Additional, root barrier layers are available to prevent the root penetration of lower layers. These are known as separation fabrics or geotextiles.
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This is commonly followed by a separate water-retaining layer, which could be a natural porous stone material or an artificial retention mat; in short, this is a drainage layer.
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On top of this layer, a filter fabric separates the retention layer from the next layer: the growing media.
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The growing media is, in most cases, a specially mixed lightweight soil material with carefully selected ingredients for storing rainwater. Growing media are mixed for different purposes (for example, extensive green roof growing media differs from roof garden media in nutrient and humus content). Intensive roof garden growing media differs in that in the upper levels there is a higher content of humus and on the lower levels lower humus content.
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The vegetation layer can range from a shallow layer with mosses and only a few taller plants all the way up to full-blown roof gardens. As such, green roof maintenance requirements can be as little as an annual inspection or as much as is usual for ordinary gardens. The success of the vegetation layer depends on the careful selection of the other green roof layers. For example, if the goal is to plant trees on roof tops, a special combination of all these components is necessary (After [3]).
Green Roof Infrastructures in Urban Areas. Figure 1
The first schematic cross section illustrates the principles of green roof structures. (a) Details the one-layer solution without drainage components. This could be difficult in a damp, wet climate. (a1) is a multiple layer solution, typical construction from various suppliers. (b) Semi-extensive means, irrigation is included. (c) Intensive roof garden. (d) Plaza deck construction on garages and similar structures with high load capacity
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