10. Handling the Preparedness Challenges for Maritime and Offshore Operations in Arctic Waters

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an understanding of preparedness considerations and operations linked to sustainable maritime activities in polar waters. In this context, Arctic Ocean operations include fishing, aquaculture, offshore petroleum operations, ocean mining, tourist/explorer cruises and merchant shipping. Our mission is to share knowledge and understanding regarding preparedness, to support a sustainable development and minimise the consequences to the environment of maritime Arctic Ocean operations. The rising level of activity in Arctic waters requires improved emergency response capabilities beyond the capacity of governments. Preparedness is protection of the environment, property, and human beings, where the saving of lives and reduction of losses due to an accident or operation are the highest priorities. Oil and gas companies are required to develop their own emergency response organisations in order to obtain licences to operate. Their organisations must collaborate with public ones and must also be capable of operating alone. Where other sectors such as commercial shipping and fisheries are concerned, emergency response operations will depend on the availability of governmental resources and vessels of opportunity when an accident occurs. Preparedness is about preventing future accidents and minimising consequences when they do occur.