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2008 | Buch

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History of Computing and Education 3 (HCE3)

IFIP 20th World Computer Congress, Proceedings of the Third IFIP Conference on the History of Computing and Education WG 9.7/TC9, History of Computing, September 7–10, 2008, Milano, Italy

herausgegeben von: John Impagliazzo

Verlag: Springer US

Buchreihe : IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

These proceedings derive from an international conference on the history of computing and education. This conference is the third of hopefully a series of conferences that will take place within the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) and hence, we describe it as the “Third IFIP Conference on the History of Computing and Education” or simply “History of Computing and Education 3” (HCE3). This volume consists of a collection of articles presented at the HCE3 conference held in association with the IFIP 2008 World Computer Congress in Milano, Italy. Articles range from a wide variety of computing perspectives and they represent activities from six continents. The HCE3 conference is an event of the IFIP Working Group 9.7 on the History of Computing, a working group of IFIP’ s Technical Committee 9 (TC9) on the Relationship between Computers and Society. In addition, it is in cooperation with the IFIP Technical Committee 3 (TC3) on Education. The HCE3 conference brings to light a broad spectrum of issues. It illustrates topics in computing as they occurred in the “early days” of computing whose ramifications or overtones remain with us today. Indeed, many of the early challenges remain part of our educational tapestry; most likely, many will evolve into future challenges. Therefore, these proceedings provide additional value to the reader as it will reflect in part the future development of computing and education to stimulate new ideas and models in educational development.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Computer Education Support Structures in Victorian Schools in the 1980s

Abstract

Prior to the 1970s, the idea of introducing school students to the use of computers, or of a school owing its own computer was difficult to imagine. This situation began to change during the 1970s and accelerated in the 1980s. While microcomputers were much cheaper and more easily handled than minis and mainframes, in the late 1970s they were still quite foreign to most school teachers. This paper tells the story of how a Travelling Computer Road Show, teachers seconded as Computer Education Consultants, a Computer Education Centre, Subject Teacher Associations and several other support structures were used in Victoria to facilitate the Microcomputers in Education revolution that changed the education landscape in the early to mid 1980s. The paper also reflects on how the adoption of computers in schools really affected school education.

Arthur Tatnall, Bill Davey

A Case Study: History of Polish Computer Applications in Power System Control

Abstract

In spite of the difference in the country development level, especially in computer and automation technology, between Poland and well developed countries, the history of local computer control applications in the Polish power industry is rather interesting. The paper has been prepared by the IFAC Technical Committee SWISS due to significant social political and cultural aspects of power system control and describes the history of the power system projects implemented in the country by the leading power system automation centre.

Jozef B. Lewoc, Antoni Izworski, Slawomir Skowronski, Antonina Kieleczawa

Olivetti Elea 9003: Between Scientific Research and Computer Business

Abstract

About fifty years ago, Elea 9003, the first Italian mainframe fully transistorized, was built in the Olivetti Electronic Research Laboratory. The mainframe was realized with a drain of international expertise and training on-the-job of scientific staff. The head of the Laboratory, Mario Tchou, had a valuable experience in electronics in the U.S. and his collaborators, at first mainly Italian, were chosen for previous experience in pulse modulation methods. Elea 9003 was built with germanium diodes and transistors. They successfully sold the mainframe on the national market, but Olivetti electronic enterprise did not last. After the unexpected deaths of Adriano Olivetti (1960) and Mario Tchou (1961) there were inner contrasts in the management. Moreover, the national market was very limited and the Italian government did not help in any way the company. Therefore, in 1964 due to financial problems and shortsighted business strategies, Olivetti dismissed its main electronic assets and sold the Electronic Department to General Electric. However, the seeds of the work done by Olivetti Laboratory sprouted later on in computer science thanks to Programma 101, the first desktop computer.

Giuditta Parolini

Cuban Experiences on Computing and Education

Abstract

In 1959 in Cuba, there was little knowledge regarding modern computing; the educational offerings at the university level were not enough and the diversity was low. Currently, this environment has changed completely obtaining levels over world average standards. Apart from the collaboration from abroad that the country has received, the domestic development has played a vital role since the 1960s. The main events on industrial and scientific development on computing in Cuba and its teaching at all educational levels in this country appear in this work. We show the issues that reflect how the early and systematic guidance and attention from the country’s administration, together with the active and certain academic and scientific policy of the University of Havana were highly decisive. Although the main research covers through the mid 1990s, we also demonstrate the early events that would be of interest.

Tomás López Jiménez, Melchor Félix Gil Morell, Adriana Estrada Negrin

Computer Education in Spain: From Early to Recent Times

Abstract

This paper intends to present a short overview of the evolution of computer education in Spain since the initial teaching in this domain to the current works to adapt it to the European Higher Education Space (EHES) from the point of view of somebody that has been involved has directly participated in most of the this evolution.

Ramon Puigjaner

The Emergence of Educational Technology

Abstract

This paper traces the emergence of Information Technology (IT) for educational purposes. It begins with a discourse on the relationship between culture and educational technology. A key premise is that culture is an important influence in education. Similarly, the evolution of educational technology is very much intertwined with culture. This paper traces educational development from the traditional times to modern times. Educational technology was initially viewed as technology in education, a sole focus on IT tools. Subsequently, a holistic perspective of the educational system was adopted, termed the technology of education. In this larger view, educational technology is informed by research from learning theories and other educational research. The paper elaborates on these theoretical underpinnings with some examples of educational technology before concluding with implications for practitioners and researchers.

Elizabeth Koh, John Lim

History of Computing Education Trends: The Emergence of Competitive Intelligence

Abstract

Several studies have shown that new curriculum initiatives such as enterprise systems have a predictable lifecycle [1]. This paper looks for trends in competitive intelligence (CI), a relatively new area of study that is beginning to infiltrate curricula around the world. We first examine existing research concerning CI and academia, listing the various approaches through which CI’s role in educational curricula is considered and tracing the history of its emergence. A survey of CI course offerings throughout the US and Australia was conducted in an attempt to identify trends outside a single culture or education system. It shows that CI is an emerging discipline and often appears as an independent degree program rather than just a component of other programs. The methodology used in this study demonstrates how a historical perspective can be used to identify new issues to be considered by curriculum planners.

Kevin R. Parker, Philip S. Nitse, Bill Davey

An Open Adaptive Virtual Museum of Informatics History in Siberia

Abstract

In the paper, the SVM project, which is under development at the A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems and is aimed at development of an open adaptive virtual museum of informatics history in Siberia, is described. It is assumed that this museum can be used as accessible annals of the Siberian computer science history, which can be written by active users. As an open adaptive virtual museum, SVM is full of great teaching and learning opportunities for a wide audience, from schoolchild to professional researcher.

Victor N. Kasyanov

ICT for Success of Education from an Indian Perspective

Abstract

India has been trying to uphold the status of education for many years. However, due to poor educational infrastructure, social segregation, and non-conducive economic conditions, maximum learners are deprived of education. India has a large number of students from primary to higher levels. Only around 40 percent can improve to gain their higher studies after completing their primary or middle level education. Due to the convergence, electronic-informational environment has been emerging at a very fast rate. Now, the education system seems to follow its use in delivering and managing the education in a need-based way. There is an up surge of computer and Internet connections in schools. Almost every university will be creating its own network and will be under a single net in the coming future. Certainly, these efforts will make the education in a cost-effective manner. Further, creation of the collaborative teaching and learning environment is essential so that the dropout rate remains low and the requirement of increasing number of learners and teaching load can reach a resolution by ICT means. The present paper discusses the education scenario, the upcoming efforts in the ICT developments and need of the collaborative environment for success of education in India.

Rakesh Mohan Bhatt

Sinhala Computing in Early Stage — Sri Lanka Experience

Abstract

Sinhala writing system used in Sri Lanka is a syllabic writing system deriving from Brahmi and it consists of vowels, consonants, diacritical marks, and special symbols. Several of these are combined to form complex ligatures. Total number of different glyphs is almost close to 2300. Thus, all computer equipment for Sinhala language needs to provide for this degree of complexity in both display and printing but without adding any extra complexity to the keyboard or the input systems. In this paper, we discuss how Sinhala computing technology has evolved in early personal computers with limited capabilities and resources.

S. T. Nandasara, Yoshiki Mikami

A Brief History of Choosing First Programming Languages

Abstract

Choosing the best computer language for introducing students to programming is often an emotional issue, leading to protracted debates for many years. This paper aims to document how the development of programming languages has influenced the educational processes of choosing an introductory language since the early days of computing, by exploring some of the “programming languages that have been selected over the last couple of decades and the rational for those selections”. [1]

Leila Goosen

Programming in Japanese for Literacy Education

Abstract

We have developed a programming language Kotodama (means “what you speak becomes reality”) in which a source program can be read as authentic Japanese language and be executed as a programming language at the same time. We put Kotodama into a teaching environment Squeak developed by Alan Kay and have developed several programming courses on it. We have found that explanation of a programming language becomes unnecessary and that we can concentrate on algorithm development by examining a program text that can be read as Japanese. We believe that this programming course can work as natural language writing course as well for precise description.

Ken Okada, Manabu Sugiura, Yoshiaki Matsuzawa, Megumi Araki, Hajime Ohiwa

Erratum

Ken Okada, Manabu Sugiura, Yoshiaki Matsuzawa, Megumi Araki, Hajime Ohiwa

Titel: History of Computing and Education 3 (HCE3)
herausgegeben von: John Impagliazzo
Verlag: Springer US
Electronic ISBN: 978-0-387-09657-5
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3503-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09657-5